日本政府發(fā)布過(guò)勞死白皮書

1、日本政府發(fā)布過(guò)勞死白皮書Japans first government white paper on the still largely taboo phenomenon of death by overwork has revealed that a fifth of surveyed companies acknowledge their full-time staff works dangerously long hours.日本發(fā)布了有關(guān)過(guò)勞死這個(gè)仍屬禁忌的現(xiàn)象的首份政府白皮書。該白皮書披露，五分之一的受訪企業(yè)承認(rèn)，自己的全職員工工作時(shí)間長(zhǎng)到了危險(xiǎn)的地步。The 280-page re

2、port published almost three decades after Japan legally recognised death driven by overwork, known as karoshi acknowledged that its contents made for bleak reading.該報(bào)告發(fā)布時(shí)，日本距離從法律上承認(rèn)過(guò)勞死（即工作過(guò)度導(dǎo)致的死亡）現(xiàn)象已有近三十年。這份長(zhǎng)280頁(yè)的報(bào)告承認(rèn)，這個(gè)問(wèn)題形勢(shì)嚴(yán)峻。Nearly 11 per cent of companies surveyed said they had full-time staff wo

3、rking at least 80 hours of overtime a month a level which, by official acknowledgment, brings an increased risk of death from cardiovascular issues and other problems.近11%的受訪企業(yè)表示，它們有全職員工每個(gè)月至少加班80個(gè)小時(shí)。官方承認(rèn)，這樣的加班水平會(huì)加大因心血管問(wèn)題及其他問(wèn)題死亡的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。Almost 12 per cent of companies surveyed said they had staff working

4、more than 100 hours of overtime a month.將近12%的受訪企業(yè)表示，它們有員工每個(gè)月加班逾100小時(shí)。The white paper, which was forced into existence by a 2014 private members bill obliging the government take responsibility for preventing deaths and suicide through overwork, follows a year in which karoshi compensation claims su

5、rged to a record high of 1,456.這份白皮書是迫于2014年一份日本普通議員法案的要求發(fā)布的，該法案要求日本政府承擔(dān)起防止過(guò)度工作導(dǎo)致死亡和自殺的責(zé)任。白皮書公布前的一年里，日本過(guò)勞死索賠案件數(shù)量達(dá)到了1456起的創(chuàng)紀(jì)錄高點(diǎn)。Even then, say lawyers who have represented the families of victims, the issue is greatly understated and barely discussed.過(guò)勞死受害者家屬的代理律師們表示，即使是那樣，這個(gè)問(wèn)題仍被大大淡化，幾乎沒(méi)人討論。The surve

6、y had hoped to base its research on responses from 10,000 Japanese companies; in fact, it received replies from just 1,743.這次調(diào)查原本希望能獲得1萬(wàn)家日本企業(yè)的回復(fù)并據(jù)此開(kāi)展研究，事實(shí)上卻只收到了1743家企業(yè)的回復(fù)。Government efforts have yet to bite, say labour groups.多個(gè)勞工組織表示，政府的努力仍未見(jiàn)效。Gentle slogans urging armies of reluctant salarymen let

7、s work shorter hours, or more practical measures such as turning office lights out at 7pm, are making no visible dent in a work culture that has devised few mechanisms for evaluating achievement beyond simply counting the hours worked.除了簡(jiǎn)單計(jì)算工時(shí)以外，日本的職場(chǎng)文化未能構(gòu)想出什么其他的業(yè)績(jī)?cè)u(píng)價(jià)機(jī)制。在這樣的職場(chǎng)文化中，用讓我們縮短工作時(shí)間這樣不痛不癢的口號(hào)敦

8、促不情愿的工薪人士減少加班、或者推出下午7點(diǎn)辦公室關(guān)燈等更實(shí)際的舉措，都沒(méi)有產(chǎn)生明顯成效。The fundamental problem, said Koichi Nakano, a political scholar at Tokyos Sophia University, is that neither the government nor the business sector is especially keen to inform workers of their rights and to uphold them.東京上智大學(xué)(Sophia University)政治學(xué)學(xué)者中野晃一

9、表示，根本問(wèn)題在于，政府和企業(yè)部門都不是很熱心于讓員工知曉自身權(quán)利和支持他們。At the heart of the issue is a deeply unenlightened but persistent attitude on the part of the government and management that regards selfless dedication to the company shown through long hours at the office as a prime virtue?.?.?.?in reality it is arguably res

10、ponsible for the steady decline of the Japanese corporate competitiveness, said Prof Nakano.中野晃一說(shuō)：?jiǎn)栴}的核心在于政府和企業(yè)管理層非常落后又固執(zhí)的態(tài)度，他們認(rèn)為通過(guò)長(zhǎng)時(shí)間呆在辦公室展現(xiàn)出對(duì)企業(yè)的無(wú)私奉獻(xiàn)是一種至高美德事實(shí)上，可以說(shuō)正是這種無(wú)私奉獻(xiàn)導(dǎo)致日本企業(yè)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力逐步下降。Reported karoshi deaths in the 2015 financial year ending in March, published by the labour ministry in April, were

11、 concentrated on sectors such as social services and construction.今年4月日本厚生勞動(dòng)省發(fā)布的數(shù)據(jù)顯示，在截至今年3月的2015財(cái)年里，媒體報(bào)道的過(guò)勞死案例集中在社會(huì)服務(wù)和建筑等領(lǐng)域。These are on the front lines of Japans chronic labour shortage itself a slow-burning crisis that derives from the countrys long-term demographic decline and historic resistanc

12、e to large-scale immigration.這些都是日本長(zhǎng)期勞動(dòng)力短缺最嚴(yán)重的領(lǐng)域勞動(dòng)力短缺本身就是一場(chǎng)緩慢發(fā)酵的危機(jī)，它源于兩點(diǎn)，一是就長(zhǎng)期而言日本人口趨于下降，二是日本歷史上一直抵制大規(guī)模引入移民。The survey underlying the new white paper found 44 per cent of IT companies admitted that some of their employees worked more than 80 hours of overtime a month.新白皮書所依據(jù)的調(diào)查發(fā)現(xiàn)，44%的IT公司承認(rèn)，它們的一些員工每

13、月加班超過(guò)80個(gè)小時(shí)。But the problem is more widespread.但這個(gè)問(wèn)題存在于更普遍的領(lǐng)域。The publication of the white paper came just a week after a Tokyo labour standards office ruled that the suicide of young graduate recruit at the Dentsu advertising agency had been a case of karoshi.就在白皮書發(fā)布一周前，東京一個(gè)勞工標(biāo)準(zhǔn)辦公室裁定，電通(Dentsu)廣告公司的

14、一名剛畢業(yè)不久的年輕新員工自殺，屬于過(guò)勞死案例。The family of Matsuri Takahashi, 24, said she took her life after racking up 105 hours of monthly overtime.24歲的Matsuri Takahashi的家人表示，她在月加班時(shí)間超過(guò)105個(gè)小時(shí)后結(jié)束了自己的生命。She had worked in Dentsus digital advertising division the unit at the centre of a developing scandal that involved o

15、vercharging clients, and which Dentsu blamed on staff shortages.她在電通的數(shù)字廣告部門工作，該部門目前正處于一樁仍在發(fā)酵之中的、涉及多收客戶費(fèi)用的丑聞的核心。電通將丑聞所涉情況歸咎于人手短缺。Across the full- and part-time workforce, the average hours worked by individuals are falling very slightly, said the white paper, but that includes the rising cohorts of p

16、art time workers.白皮書稱，綜合來(lái)看，全職和兼職員工的平均個(gè)人工作時(shí)長(zhǎng)略有下降，但這其中有兼職勞動(dòng)者數(shù)量日益增多的因素。Among full-time staffers, on whom karoshi-generating pressures fall most heavily, approximately 21 per cent of Japanese work an average of at least 49 or more hours a week far above the 12.5 per cent and 16 per cent rates reported i

17、n Britain and the US respectively.全職員工是承受導(dǎo)致過(guò)勞死的壓力最嚴(yán)重的。日本約21%的全職員工平均每周至少工作49小時(shí)，遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)高于英國(guó)（12.5%）和美國(guó)（16%）的比例。美大選第二場(chǎng)辯論 特朗普重新站穩(wěn)腳跟Hillary Clinton and Donald Trump traded insults in a bitterly contentious second debate that saw the Republican regain some of his footing following a disastrous two weeks that ha

18、d threatened to derail his populist campaign for the White House.希拉里克林頓(Hillary Clinton)與唐納德特朗普(Donald Trump)在火藥味兒濃厚的第二場(chǎng)辯論中展開(kāi)了互相攻擊。共和黨候選人在此次辯論中重新找回了一些立足之地，此前災(zāi)難性的兩周險(xiǎn)些破壞他的民粹主義總統(tǒng)競(jìng)選活動(dòng)。After declining to shake hands as they came on stage, the candidates launched into some of the most acrimonious and pers

19、onal exchanges seen on a presidential debate stage as they questioned each others fitness to serve as president.兩位候選人站上臺(tái)時(shí)均拒絕握手，接著他們發(fā)表了總統(tǒng)辯論階段出現(xiàn)的一些最激烈和私人化言論，雙方均質(zhì)疑對(duì)方是否適合擔(dān)任總統(tǒng)。Mrs Clinton attacked her rival over the 2005 video where he discussed groping women in vulgar language, while Mr Trump vowed to a

20、ppoint a special prosecutor to investigate her email scandal.希拉里就特朗普2005年的視頻對(duì)他發(fā)起攻擊，特朗普在視頻中用粗俗言語(yǔ)討論猥褻婦女。而特朗普則發(fā)誓要任命特別檢察官調(diào)查希拉里的電子郵件丑聞。Mrs Clinton said the video, which emerged on Friday, was more evidence that Mr Trump disrespected women and lacked the temperament to be president. Defending his words as

21、 “l(fā)ocker room talk,” Mr Trump denied having assaulted any women, and sought to turn the tables on her husband, Bill Clinton, accusing the former president of being one of the worst abusers of women.希拉里說(shuō)上周五公布的視頻進(jìn)一步證明特朗普不尊重女性，缺乏總統(tǒng)氣質(zhì)。特朗普辯解自己那些話是“更衣室聊天”，他否認(rèn)曾對(duì)任何婦女動(dòng)手，并試圖將矛頭轉(zhuǎn)向希拉里的丈夫比爾克林頓(Bill Clinton)，指責(zé)這位

22、前總統(tǒng)是最糟糕的婦女猥褻者之一?！癐f you look at Bill Clinton, far worse. Mine were words and his were action,” Mr Trump said.特朗普說(shuō)：“如果你看看比爾克林頓，他更糟糕。我只是說(shuō)說(shuō)，他卻付諸行動(dòng)?！盜n heated exchanges on subjects from healthcare and tax policy to how the US should respond to the humanitarian crisis in Syria, Mrs Clinton repeatedly tri

23、ed to rile her opponent as she had successfully done in the first debate.二人就醫(yī)療保健、稅收政策，以及美國(guó)應(yīng)如何應(yīng)對(duì)敘利亞人道主義危機(jī)等問(wèn)題展開(kāi)激烈討論，希拉里不斷試圖激怒她的對(duì)手，就如她在第一場(chǎng)辯論中成功做到的。But Mr Trump was more disciplined than he had been two weeks ago. While Mrs Clinton argued that he was temperamentally unfit to be president, he focused on

24、a core argument for his campaign team: that after 30 years in public service his rival is the epitome of the political status quo.但特朗普這次比兩周前表現(xiàn)得更有條不紊。雖然希拉里稱他根本不適合擔(dān)任總統(tǒng)，他依然鎖定其競(jìng)選團(tuán)隊(duì)的核心論點(diǎn)：希拉里在擔(dān)任了30年公職后，已成為政治現(xiàn)狀的縮影?！癝he doesnt do anything about anything other than talk. With her, its all talk and no action,

25、” Mr Trump said, resurrecting a line he often uses at campaign rallies.特朗普重彈起他在競(jìng)選集會(huì)上的老調(diào)：“她對(duì)所有事除了說(shuō)，什么都不做。她只會(huì)說(shuō)，卻沒(méi)有動(dòng)作?！盡r Trump has been under intense pressure since the release on Friday of an Access Hollywood video, in which the former star of The Apprentice boasted in coarse language about trying to

26、 have sex with married women, groping women against their will, and claiming that beautiful women liked to kiss him just because he was a star. He also faced criticism after separate audio recordings captured him telling a shock jock that it was fine to call his daughter Ivanka a “piece of ass”.自上周五

27、一段走進(jìn)好萊塢(Access Hollywood)的視頻曝光后，特朗普一直處于巨大壓力之下。視頻中，這位學(xué)徒(The Apprentice)節(jié)目前明星用粗俗的語(yǔ)言吹噓自己試圖與已婚婦女發(fā)生關(guān)系，違背意志對(duì)她們“動(dòng)手動(dòng)腳”，并聲稱，漂亮女人喜歡吻他，就因?yàn)樗且粋€(gè)明星。還有一份曝光他對(duì)一名電臺(tái)主持人表示可以稱自己的女兒伊萬(wàn)卡(Ivanka)為“巨臀美人”的錄音也招致了批評(píng)。He apologised for his vulgar words in a video statement released late on Friday night. But at the same time, he s

28、uggested that his words were less egregious than Mr Clintons past sexual scandals, and accused Mrs Clinton of bullying her husbands “victims”.特朗普在上周五深夜發(fā)布的一段視頻聲明中對(duì)自己的下流言論作出了道歉。但同時(shí)，他表示，自己的言論不比克林頓昔日的性丑聞出格，并指責(zé)希拉里對(duì)自己丈夫的“受害者”進(jìn)行恐嚇。Shortly before the debate, Mr Trump held a short press conference with three

29、 women who have accused Mr Clinton of sexual abuse, including Juanita Broaddrick, who has accused him of rape a charge that the former president has denied. The women were in the audience for the debate, as were both candidates families.此次辯論開(kāi)始前不久，特朗普與三名曾指控遭到克林頓性侵的女性一起舉行了簡(jiǎn)短的新聞發(fā)布會(huì)。她們中包括指控克林頓強(qiáng)奸的胡安妮塔布羅德

30、里克(Juanita Broaddrick)，但該指控已被這位前總統(tǒng)否認(rèn)。這幾名女性都坐在此次辯論的觀眾席中，兩位候選人的家人也坐在臺(tái)下。Mr Trump did not suffer significantly from the many controversial comments that he made over the past year, from describing Mexican immigrants as “rapists” to denigrating John McCain for being captured after he was shot down over V

31、ietnam. But with only a month until the November 8 election, the video has sparked huge criticism, and forced many Republicans to withdraw their support for their presidential nominee. Several high-profile Republicans have also called on Mr Trump to withdraw from the race.過(guò)去一年，特朗普發(fā)表過(guò)許多有爭(zhēng)議的言論從形容墨西哥移民

32、為“強(qiáng)奸犯”到抹黑約翰麥凱恩(John McCain)在越南上空遭擊落后被俘但這些都沒(méi)有對(duì)他造成太大不利影響。但在距離11月8日大選僅剩一個(gè)月之際，這段視頻引發(fā)了空前的批評(píng)，并迫使許多共和黨人撤回對(duì)這位總統(tǒng)候選人的支持。多位共和黨知名人士還呼吁特朗普退出大選。Mr Trump has fallen in the polls since the first debate when his performance was widely panned. Mrs Clinton skilfully got under his skin over everything from his refusal

33、to release his tax returns to his description of a former Latina beauty queen as “Miss Piggy” and “Miss Housekeeping”.自第一次辯論以來(lái)，特朗普的民調(diào)支持率已經(jīng)下滑，他在首辯中的表現(xiàn)受到了廣泛批評(píng)。希拉里卻巧妙地抓住了特朗普的多處軟肋從他拒絕公開(kāi)自己的納稅申報(bào)單到曾把一位前拉丁選美皇后稱為“豬小姐”和“家務(wù)小姐”。Jana: So Peter, you also learned English as a foreign language, right?嘉娜：彼得，你也是把英語(yǔ)作為

34、一門外語(yǔ)來(lái)學(xué)習(xí)，對(duì)吧？Peter: That's right, yes.彼得：沒(méi)錯(cuò)。Jana: It's not your first language? So how did you do it?嘉娜：英語(yǔ)不是你的母語(yǔ)？你是怎么學(xué)習(xí)的？Peter: That's a good question. When I think back, I think, I try to think about the things that helped me most and I think it was a funny combination of things. I had on

35、e really interesting English teacher, she was really strict, but she was really interesting and I think she inspired me in some ways because her English was so good and I thought 'wow' that's really great. I wouldn't mind being able to be as good as her. The other thing that really h

36、elped me was reading like I really read so much in English. I think you mentioned, I remember you saying that too at some other point.彼得：這是個(gè)很好的問(wèn)題?；叵胍幌?，我想對(duì)我?guī)椭畲蟮膽?yīng)該是各種事情有趣的事情。我的英語(yǔ)老師非常風(fēng)趣，她很嚴(yán)格，不過(guò)她真的很風(fēng)趣，我想從某些方面來(lái)說(shuō)，是她激勵(lì)了我，因?yàn)樗挠⒄Z(yǔ)非常棒，我當(dāng)時(shí)想“哇，真是太好了”。我希望我的英語(yǔ)能和她的一樣棒。另外閱讀對(duì)我?guī)椭埠艽螅易x了很多英語(yǔ)作品。我想你之前提到過(guò)，我記得你也說(shuō)過(guò)這點(diǎn)。Jana:

37、 Yeah, I think so too. I read a lot, not because I wanted to learn but because I like reading and so I read in English and later on I realized I must have learned a lot of vocabulary and things that I didn't even realize I learned.嘉娜：對(duì)，我也記得。我讀了很多書，不是因?yàn)槲蚁雽W(xué)習(xí)，而是因?yàn)槲蚁矚g閱讀，所以我看了很多英語(yǔ)書籍，后來(lái)我發(fā)現(xiàn)這讓我學(xué)會(huì)了很多詞匯和其

38、他知識(shí)，我都沒(méi)有意識(shí)到我其實(shí)是在學(xué)習(xí)。Peter: I think yes.彼得：對(duì)。Jana: Just through reading.嘉娜：通過(guò)閱讀學(xué)習(xí)。Peter: Yeah, the same thing happened to me. My home had so many books in it, I was lucky I guess in that way and at least half of them were in English and when I discovered that there were books in the house that I could

39、n't get into and I was really into stories and reading, I felt so angry that I couldn't get into them so I said OK I'll start try and read them and I guess it started off there because then I started reading so much and it was really good for me in the end, I think.彼得：對(duì)，我和你情況一樣。我媽媽有很多書，我

40、想我非常幸運(yùn)，其中至少有一半的書是英語(yǔ)書籍，我家里有那些書，可是我發(fā)現(xiàn)我竟然看不進(jìn)去，可是我非常喜歡看故事，也喜歡閱讀。所以我因?yàn)樽约嚎床贿M(jìn)去這些書而感到非常生氣，我想“好，我要試著讀這些書”，我想就是從那時(shí)開(kāi)始，我閱讀了大量的英語(yǔ)書籍，這對(duì)我非常有幫助。Jana: So that was your motivation, you wanted to read those mysterious books?嘉娜：閱讀那些神秘的書籍是你的動(dòng)力嗎？Peter: Yes and it was really good for me that way I guess.彼得：對(duì)，我想這對(duì)我?guī)椭艽?。Jan

41、a: That's interesting. You see people ask me how did I learn English. I didn't really have a plan, I just enjoyed English that's why I studied in my free time but I didn't think of it as something I have to do, I just did it for fun.嘉娜：真有意思。有人問(wèn)我怎么學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)。我其實(shí)并沒(méi)有計(jì)劃，我只是喜歡英語(yǔ)，所以我在空閑時(shí)間學(xué)習(xí)，但是我不

42、認(rèn)為這是我必須要做的事情，我只是為了興趣而學(xué)習(xí)。Peter: I think so too for me. Also in high school I remember my classmates complaining about all the homework in English and they couldn't do it and they used to come to me for help and then I thought but hang on it's not, it doesn't feel like work to me, it just

43、feels like something kind of fun.彼得：我想我也是這樣。我記得上高中時(shí)，同學(xué)們都抱怨英語(yǔ)作業(yè)，他們都做不了作業(yè)，然后他們就會(huì)來(lái)尋求我的幫助，當(dāng)時(shí)我并不認(rèn)為這是工作，我認(rèn)為這是很有意思的事。Jana: That's right.嘉娜：沒(méi)錯(cuò)。Peter: But I can't tell you where that fun started. I guess it has something to do with being curious about things that are written or said. Do you think so?

44、彼得：不過(guò)我也說(shuō)不清是從何時(shí)開(kāi)始產(chǎn)生興趣的。我想可能是因?yàn)槲液芎闷婺切飳懥耸裁窗?。你也這樣想嗎？Jana: Yeah, I also sort of remember when I first became interested in English but later on when I met some people from different countries, I became more interested in communicating with them and, like you said, my teacher also inspired me. I enjoyed just chatting to her in English.嘉娜：對(duì)，我記得我第一次對(duì)英語(yǔ)產(chǎn)生興趣也是因?yàn)檫@樣，后來(lái)我遇到了很多來(lái)自不同國(guó)家的人，我想和他們進(jìn)行交流，如你所說(shuō)，我的老師也激勵(lì)了我。我非常喜歡和她用英語(yǔ)聊天。Peter: Really?彼得：真的嗎？Jana: Yeah, it was basically fun. It was not studying hard for me.嘉娜：對(duì)，很有意思。對(duì)我來(lái)說(shuō)，這并不是努力學(xué)習(xí)。Peter: Yeah, I suppose it's the same for me I think. I th