重點(diǎn)語法歸納PPT課件

1、重點(diǎn)語法歸納重點(diǎn)語法歸納 虛擬語氣虛擬語氣: 條件式和命令條件式和命令式式非謂語動詞非謂語動詞: 不定式、動不定式、動名詞和分詞名詞和分詞 倒裝句倒裝句 虛擬語氣虛擬語氣 if 引導(dǎo)的虛擬條件句的用法如下：引導(dǎo)的虛擬條件句的用法如下： 時間時間 if條件句的謂語形式條件句的謂語形式 主句的謂語形式主句的謂語形式現(xiàn)在現(xiàn)在 were 行為動詞一般過去時行為動詞一般過去時 would (could, should, might) + 動詞原形動詞原形)過去過去 過去完成時過去完成時 would (could, should, might) +現(xiàn)在完成式現(xiàn)在完成式將來將來 were to +動詞原形動

2、詞原形 would (could, should, might) (should) +動詞原形動詞原形 虛擬語氣虛擬語氣 命令式虛擬語氣可歸納如下命令式虛擬語氣可歸納如下 1）wish 后賓語從句的虛擬語氣后賓語從句的虛擬語氣 william wishes now that he _ english instead of french when he was in high school.a. have studiedc. had studiedb. studiesd. studied答案是答案是c。were 型虛擬型虛擬2）在）在 if only 感嘆句中感嘆句中if only i _ wh

3、at you wanted!a. knewc. had knownb. knowd. have known答案是答案是c。 were 型虛擬型虛擬3）在）在as if / as though 從句中從句中she acts as if she _ the only person affected by the ruling.a. isc. would beb. wered. will be答案是答案是b。be 型虛擬型虛擬4）在）在 would rather (sooner) 后的后的 that 從句中從句中id rather you _ those important documents wi

4、th you.a. dont takec. wont take b. didnt taked. not take答案是答案是b。be 型虛擬型虛擬5）在）在 suggest 等動詞及其相應(yīng)名等動詞及其相應(yīng)名詞之后的詞之后的 that 從句中從句中 advise, agree, ask, command, decide, demand, desire, insist, maintain, move（提議）（提議）, order, propose, recommend, request, require, rule, suggest, urge, etc. be 型虛擬型虛擬the doctor

5、suggested that your brother _ his right hand.a. avoid to usec. avoid usingb. has avoided usingd.avoided to use答案是c。 be 型虛擬型虛擬常見的相應(yīng)名詞有：常見的相應(yīng)名詞有：advice, c o m m a n d , a g r e e m e n t , decision, demand, desire, m o t i o n , p r o p o s a l , recommendation, request, requirement, suggestion, idea,

6、 order, plan, policy, wish, etc. be 型虛擬型虛擬our demand is that another experiment _.a.shall be madec. must be madeb. will be maded. be made 答案答案 dbe 型虛擬型虛擬6）在）在it is / was + 形容詞后形容詞后的的 that 從句中從句中 這類形容詞有：這類形容詞有：important, advisable, appropriate, essential, necessary, strange, natural, ridiculous, poss

7、ible, preferable, proper 等。等。 be 型虛擬型虛擬its advisable that the sport meets _ owing to the bad weather.a. must be put offb. be put off c. could be put offd. ought to put off 命令式虛擬語氣命令式虛擬語氣7）用在以）用在以 lest, for fear that 和和 in case 所引導(dǎo)的目的所引導(dǎo)的目的狀語從句中，這時謂語動詞多用狀語從句中，這時謂語動詞多用should 加動詞原形構(gòu)成。如：加動詞原形構(gòu)成。如： take

8、an umbrella with you in case it should rain. 帶上雨帶上雨傘吧，以防下雨。傘吧，以防下雨。特殊的虛擬語氣特殊的虛擬語氣在在 its (high, about) time 后的后的 that 從句中從句中,謂語動詞謂語動詞一般用過去式一般用過去式 ?！癷snt it about time you _ to do some work?”a. begin c. should beganb. have begun d. began答案是答案是d。 其他情況的虛擬語氣其他情況的虛擬語氣1）公式化的句子中的虛擬）公式化的句子中的虛擬語氣：語氣：用動詞原形（不和用

9、動詞原形（不和主語保持人稱、時態(tài)和數(shù)主語保持人稱、時態(tài)和數(shù)的一致）或的一致）或“may+動詞原動詞原形形”（經(jīng)常倒裝）構(gòu)成的（經(jīng)常倒裝）構(gòu)成的謂語來體現(xiàn)。如：謂語來體現(xiàn)。如：公式化的句子公式化的句子god bless you!may you enjoy your holiday!long live peace!come what may, well go ahead with our plan. 其他情況的虛擬語氣其他情況的虛擬語氣2）錯綜時間非真實(shí)條件中）錯綜時間非真實(shí)條件中的虛擬語氣：的虛擬語氣：if we had set out earlier, we wouldnt be walkin

10、g in the rain. 其他情況的虛擬語氣其他情況的虛擬語氣3）在帶有）在帶有but for 引出的短引出的短語的句子中：語的句子中：we would have been in real trouble but for your help. 其他情況的虛擬語氣其他情況的虛擬語氣4）在帶有）在帶有but that從句的句子從句的句子中中:but that從句中用陳述從句中用陳述語氣，主句中用虛擬語氣。語氣，主句中用虛擬語氣。 but that you helped him, h e w o u l d h a v e failed.(=if you hadnt helped him) 其他

11、情況的虛擬語氣其他情況的虛擬語氣5）with或或without 引出的短語有引出的短語有時表示和事實(shí)相反的情況，此時時表示和事實(shí)相反的情況，此時句子中的動詞要用虛擬語氣。句子中的動詞要用虛擬語氣。we would never have got t h e r e w i t h o u t t h e guide.(=if we hadnt had the guide) 其他情況的虛擬語氣其他情況的虛擬語氣6）在）在otherwise 或或 or 引出引出的分句中，動詞根據(jù)情況可的分句中，動詞根據(jù)情況可用陳述語氣或虛擬語氣。如：用陳述語氣或虛擬語氣。如：6）在）在otherwise 或或 or

12、 引出的分句中引出的分句中hurry up, otherwise/or you will be late.i u s e d a c o m p u t e r , otherwise/or it would have taken me much longer to finish the work. (otherwise /or=if i hadnt used a computer) 其他情況的虛擬語氣其他情況的虛擬語氣7）在假設(shè)情況由上下文或其他方）在假設(shè)情況由上下文或其他方式表現(xiàn)出來的句子中，如：式表現(xiàn)出來的句子中，如：he would have given you more help,

13、but he has been so busy.he would have done better u n d e r m o r e f a v o r a b l e conditions. 重點(diǎn)語法歸納重點(diǎn)語法歸納 非謂語動詞：不定式，非謂語動詞：不定式，動名詞和分詞動名詞和分詞 動詞不定式動詞不定式 有些動詞只能用不定式作賓語：有些動詞只能用不定式作賓語：afford, agree, ask, attempt, beg, begin, choose, claim, decide, demand, desire, expect, fail, fear, forget, hate, hel

14、p, hesitate, intend, learn, like, love, manage, mean, offer, plan, prefer, refuse, remember, start, want, wish 等。等。 動名詞動名詞有些動詞只能用動名詞作賓語，有些動詞只能用動名詞作賓語，如：如：admit, appreciate, avoid, consider, deny, enjoy, finish, keep, mind, postpone, practice, suggest, spend, quit, recall, resist 等。等。 動名詞動名詞 常見的后接動名詞

15、作賓語的動詞短語有：常見的后接動名詞作賓語的動詞短語有：approve of, count on, depend on, give up, insist on, keep on, succeed in, think about, put off, persist in, rely on, cant help, be used to, better off, feel like, leave off, look forward to, object to, turn to, adapt to, see to, get to, respond to 等。等。非謂語動詞非謂語動詞有些動詞既可以用不定

16、式作賓語，有些動詞既可以用不定式作賓語，也可用動名詞作賓語，但表達(dá)的意也可用動名詞作賓語，但表達(dá)的意義不同。如：義不同。如：remember to do remember doing stop to do stop doingforget to do forget doing 重點(diǎn)語法歸納重點(diǎn)語法歸納 倒裝句倒裝句 1）否定意義的詞位于句首引起的）否定意義的詞位于句首引起的倒裝，如：倒裝，如：barely, hardly, scarcely, seldom, never, nowhere, little 等。等。倒裝句倒裝句little did i think a year ago that

17、i could work for your company. never before has our country been so rapidly developing as it is today. 倒裝句倒裝句2）否定意義的短語位于句首于引）否定意義的短語位于句首于引起的倒裝起的倒裝at no time 從不，從來沒有從不，從來沒有by no means 決不，決不是決不，決不是in no case 決不決不in no way 決不決不倒裝句倒裝句in vain徒勞徒勞no longer不再，已不不再，已不no more不再，也不不再，也不not even then甚至連甚至連也不也不

18、not for a moment從不從不not until直到直到才才on no account決不決不 倒裝句倒裝句under no circumstances shall we discontinue the work weve begun.in no way can theory be separated from practice.倒裝句倒裝句3） 一些短語性連詞引起的倒裝一些短語性連詞引起的倒裝not only but (also)不僅不僅而且而且no sooner thanhardly (scarcely)when一一就就倒裝句倒裝句hardly had he said anyth

19、ing before he left.scarcely had she fallen asleep when a knock at the door awakened her.no sooner had anne arrived there than he fell in.倒裝句倒裝句4）only + 狀語位于句首引起的倒?fàn)钫Z位于句首引起的倒裝，如：裝，如：only then did the doctor realize that his patient needed money.only when you adjust down your price to some extent can we conclude the business.倒裝句倒裝句5）so, nor, neither 引起的倒裝，引起的倒裝，如：如：richard can speak japanese. so can his sister.he didnt say anything. nor (neither) did his assistant. 倒裝句倒裝句7）