高一英語下冊unit12教案

1、Unit 12 Art and literature一、學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo)和要求 1. 學(xué)習(xí)和掌握以下單詞和習(xí)慣用語 1) 單詞 literature; Leonardo da Vinci; Pablo Picasso; romantic; comedy; exhibition; local; magic; power; trick; wonder; series; scar; forehead; Hogwarts; witchcraft; wizard; wizardry; miserable; treat; unhappy; goodness; habit; villager; shoulder;

2、whisper; chamber; charm; stupid; password; sesame; compare; announcement; checklist 2) 習(xí)慣用語 a series of; in trouble; come across; believe in; turn abound2. 功能意念項目 學(xué)會用英語談?wù)撐膶W(xué)藝術(shù)。 3. 語法 1）復(fù)習(xí)學(xué)過的定語從句的用法； 2）復(fù)習(xí)動詞不定式的用法。 4. 語言運用 運用所學(xué)語言,圍繞文學(xué)藝術(shù)這一題材,完成教科書和練習(xí)冊中規(guī)定的聽、說、寫的任務(wù);閱讀課文 “Art and literature”,確切理解并完成有關(guān)課文內(nèi)容和

3、練習(xí)；練習(xí)設(shè)計一張海報。二、學(xué) 習(xí) 指 導(dǎo) 1. 單詞和習(xí)慣用語的用法 1）power n. 能力；力量；權(quán)力 例: Carrying this baggage requires a lot of power. 搬運這個行李要很大的力氣。 This parrot has the power to imitate human words. 這只鸚鵡有模仿人類語言的能力。 The dictator held absolute power over his people. 那獨裁者握有對人民的絕對權(quán)力。 come to/into power 掌握政權(quán)；得勢 He came to power in 1

4、987. 他1987年掌權(quán)。 2）trick n. 詭計；竅門；惡作劇 例：Her tears were just a trick to deceive others. 她的眼淚只是欺騙別人的詭計。 I havent got the trick of driving this car yet. 我還不曉得開這部車的訣竅。 Our children used to play tricks on us. 我們的小孩以前常常捉弄我們。 play a trick on sb. 捉弄某人 Trick or treat! 不請吃糖，就惡作?。。ㄈf圣節(jié)孩子用語）3）treat vt. 對待；視為；治療；款待

5、1 / 26 例：They treated us with all respect. 他們鄭重其事地接待我們。 You should treat your textbooks with more care. 你使用教科書要更加細(xì)心。 They treated him with a new drug. 他們用新藥醫(yī)治他的病。 He treated her for a broken arm. 他為她醫(yī)治那條骨折的手臂。 Its my turn to treat you tonight. 今晚輪到我請客。 She treated me to lunch. 她請我吃午飯。 treat as 把當(dāng)作看待

6、 My mother treated my proposal as a joke. 母親把我的提議當(dāng)玩笑看待。 We treated this matter as one of importance. 我們把此事視為重要問題。 類似的短語還有：look upon as ; regard as ; consider as ; think of as 等等。 4) in trouble 處于困境中；在監(jiān)禁中 例：She is in great trouble, so she needs your advice. 她遇到了很大的困難，所以需要你的忠告。 He was in trouble with

7、the Customs. 他在海關(guān)那里有了麻煩。 ask/look for trouble 自討苦吃；自找麻煩 get sb. into trouble 使某人陷入困境 put sb. to trouble 給某人增添麻煩 take the trouble to do 費神做；不辭勞苦地做 5）come across/upon 偶然遇到；碰上 例：We've just come across an old friend we haven't seen for ages.我們剛碰到了一位多年不見的老朋友。含義基本相同的短語還有：ran into/across; meet（up）w

8、ith例：I ran across an old friend in the street. 我在街上碰到一位老朋友。His car ran into the post.他的車撞到柱子上。I met with an traffic accident.我遭遇到車禍。I met up with an old classmate in the crowd. 我在人群中偶然遇到了一個老同學(xué)。The President is to meet with the press this afternoon.總統(tǒng)預(yù)定今天下午會見記者。6）believe in 和 believe believe in 表示因可靠

9、、有能力、品德好等原因而“信任”某人，屬總的評價，常跟簡單賓語，偶爾跟含動詞ing形式的復(fù)合賓語; 而believe 表示相信某人某時某地所說的話，并不涉及對其總的評價，含有信以為真的意味。 例：I believe him. 我相信（他說的話）。 They believe him to have done it. 他們相信他做了這件事。 I believe him an honest student. 我相信他是個誠實的學(xué)生。 I believe in him. 我信任他。 I dont believe in the theory. 我不相信這套理論。7）habit n. 習(xí)慣；習(xí)性 例：It

10、 is his habit to jog before breakfast. 他習(xí)慣在早餐前慢跑。 She has a habit of playing with her hair while reading. 她在閱讀時有玩弄頭發(fā)的癖好。 be in the habit of doing sth. = have a/the habit of doing sth. She is in the habit of listening to music while studying. 她有邊讀書邊聽音樂的習(xí)慣。 fall/get into the habit of doing sth. = form

11、 the habit of doing sth.養(yǎng)成做的習(xí)慣 get out of the habit of doing sth. 改掉做的習(xí)慣 He got out of the habit of smoking. 他改掉了吸煙的習(xí)慣。8）compare v.比較；相比；比喻 comparewith 把和相比較；compareto把比喻成； 例：compare one thing with another 將一物與另一物比較 Walking can't compare with flying. 走路比不上飛行。Living in a town can't compare wi

12、th living in the country in many respects.在許多方面城市生活比不上在鄉(xiāng)村生活。Man's life is often compared to a candle. 人生常被喻為蠟燭。The poet compares his lover to a rose in his poems.詩人在他詩歌中把他的情人比作玫瑰花。 compare常指為了找出兩種事物或現(xiàn)象的異同點而進行比較， 如：If you compare Marx's works with Hegel's, you'll find many differences

13、. 如果你把馬克思的著作同黑格爾的著作相比較， 就會發(fā)現(xiàn)許多不同之處。contrast 指兩者之間的“對照”、“對比”， 著重指“通過兩種事物或現(xiàn)象的對比， 突出地指出它們的不同”， 如：contrast farm life with city life 對照一下城鄉(xiāng)生活。 2. 語言要點 1）It is a world of magic and wonders, a world where anything can happen. 這是一個存在著魔法和奇跡的世界，是一個任何事情都可能發(fā)生的世界。 本句中 “a world where anything can happen” 做同位語，而本身

14、又包含一個where引導(dǎo)的定語從句。下文中的 “a boy with a scar on his forehead and a secret past” 也是同位語。 2），but they can still be friends if they share the same goals, hopes and dreams. 但是如果他們有著同樣的目標(biāo)、愿望和同樣的夢想他們?nèi)匀豢梢猿蔀榕笥?。share (in) sth. 分享share sth. with/between/among sb. （和某人）共同分享 We shared the sweets. 我們分吃了糖果。They share

15、 their joys and sorrows. 他們同甘共苦。Bill and Bob shared the work equally between them. 比爾和鮑勃兩人把工作平分了。 3）The lady in the picture had such strange eyes that it was almost as if the woman in the picture was watching them. 畫中女人的眼睛非常奇怪，就好像在窺視他們一樣。 as if = as though 似乎是，好像是 例：She always talked to me as if/tho

16、ugh she was my sister. 她總是以我妹妹的口氣和我說話。 He walked slowly as if he had hurt his leg. 他慢慢地走，好像腿受傷的樣子。 She looks as if she is going to cry. 她看起來似乎要哭了。 It looks as if we will be late. 看起來我們似乎會遲到。 4），and that not all of them were safe. 他們不是所有的人都安全。 這是一個部分否定句。這里我們也可以說 “all of them were not safe”。 再如：Not al

17、l of us are students. 我們不都是學(xué)生。 All of us are not students. 完全否定應(yīng)該是 none of 。 None of them were safe. 他們都不安全。 None of us are students. 我們都不是學(xué)生。 5）He was about to say something when Helen turned around. 他正要說話的時候，海倫轉(zhuǎn)過身來。 be about to do sth. when 正要做，（突然） 例：I was about to jump into the river for a swim

18、when the guide shouted at me. 我正要跳下河游泳的時候向?qū)蛭掖蠛捌饋怼?6）We need a password to get through the wall. 我們需要咒語穿過這堵墻。 get through 到達；做完；通過；度過；打通 例：The road ahead is narrow, so a truck cant get through (it). 前面的路很窄，所以卡車沒有辦法通過。 How long does it take you to get through a letter? 你寫一封信要花多長時間？ I called all day y

19、esterday, but I couldnt get through to you. 昨天我打了一天電話，但是沒有辦法聯(lián)絡(luò)到你。 7）She did not have time to finish before the wall started moving and a hole open up below the picture. 還沒等她說完，墻開始移動，在畫的下面露出一個洞口。 open up 展開, 打開；開發(fā)；揭露；開始 例：Coughing like that might open up your wound. 你那樣咳嗽會把傷口震開。 New mines are opening

20、 up. 新礦正在開發(fā)。 He never opens up his shop on a Sunday. 星期天他的商店從不營業(yè)。 Open up the package. 打開這個包裹。 3. 語法說明：1） 定語從句 （1） 定語從句是中學(xué)階段英語語法中十分重要的一個語法項目。它在句子中出現(xiàn)的頻率很高。對正確理解句子的意義起著舉足輕重的作用。 定語從句一般都緊跟在它所修飾名詞后面，所以如果在名詞或代詞后面出現(xiàn)一個從句，就要根據(jù)它與前面名詞或代詞的邏輯關(guān)系來判斷是否是定語從句。被定語從句所修飾的名詞或代詞叫做“先行詞”。引導(dǎo)定語從句的詞叫“關(guān)系詞”。關(guān)系詞有兩個作用： 引導(dǎo)定語從句。 代替先

21、行詞在其引導(dǎo)的定語從句中充當(dāng)一定的句子成分。理解和牢記這兩條概念，弄清楚關(guān)系詞在定語從句充當(dāng)什么成分，是掌握定語從句的關(guān)鍵。 正確選擇關(guān)系詞是掌握定語從句的關(guān)鍵。關(guān)系詞的選擇完全取決于先行詞在定語從句中所充當(dāng)?shù)氖裁闯煞?。關(guān)系詞一共有九個，它們在從句中所充當(dāng)?shù)木渥映煞忠娤卤怼?關(guān)系詞主語賓語表語定語狀語That人/物/物×Which物物××Who人××××Whom×人×××Whose×××人/物×When×××

22、5;Where××××Why××××在限定性定語從句中作賓語的關(guān)系代詞可以省略。 例：There is still one thing which/that is not explained.（主語）This is the boy who came yesterday. （主語） This is the picture (which/that) he gave me. （賓語） The car which was following us seems to have disappeared. （主語） The wo

23、man whose daughter you met is Mrs. Brown. （定語） This is the boy (whom) we met last night. （賓語） 屋頂被毀壞的房子已經(jīng)被修好。 whose roofThe house the roof of which was damaged has now been repaired. of which the roof 那就是他工作的大學(xué)。 at which he works. which he works at. That is the college where he works. that he works a

24、t. he works at. 他出生的那一天是1952年8月20日。 on which he was born which he was born on The day when he was born was Aug.20,1952. that he was born on he was born on 他被解雇的原因不難解釋。 why he The reason that he was dismissed is not difficult to explain. he 你提到的那個人時瓊的爸爸。 of whom you spoke The man whom you spoke of is

25、 Joans father. that you spoke of you spoke of （2）只用關(guān)系代詞that 的情況： 先行詞前有形容詞最高級修飾時，通常用關(guān)系代詞that; This is the most interesting book that I have ever read. 先行詞前有the first, the last, the only, the same, the very以及any, few, much, some, no等修飾時，通常用關(guān)系代詞that; You are the very boy (that) I want. This is the last

26、 chance (that) you have. 這是你最后一次機會。 He is the last person (that) I want to see. 他是我最不想見的人。 Please send us any information (that) you have about the subject. 先行詞是much, little, none, all, any, no, everything, anything, nothing,等不定代詞，通常用關(guān)系代詞that; This is all (that) I know. There is nothing in the world

27、 that can frighten him. 先行詞由“人物”構(gòu)成時，通常用關(guān)系代詞that; Look at the boy and his sheep that are coming down the hill. The boy and the dog that are in the picture are very lovely. 當(dāng)主句中有who, which時，而定語從句中也要用到who或which時，為了避免whowho, whichwhich等重疊，定語從句用that引導(dǎo)。Who is the man that is standing by the door?Which of

28、the two cows that you keep produces more milk? （3）限定性定語從句和非限定性定語從句 限定性定語從句是句中不可缺少的組成部分，主句和從句之間不用逗號分開。而非限定性定語從句是對主句先行詞的補充說明，沒有從句不影響主句的意思完整。一般用逗號把主句和從句分開。不用關(guān)系代詞that。非限定性定語從句的關(guān)系代詞有時可以代表整個主句的含義，在非限定性定語從句中，作賓語的關(guān)系代詞不能省略。 例：The man who was driving the car was drunk. 開車的那人喝醉了。 This is the place where the th

29、ree roads meet. 這是三條路交匯的地方。 The house whose windows are broken is Mr. Smiths. 窗戶破損的房子是史密斯先生的。 I have two sisters, who are both students. 我有兩個妹妹，她們都是學(xué)生。 I have lost the pen, which I like very much. 我弄丟了那支鋼筆，是我非常喜歡的那支。 Tom broke his eyeglasses, which made his mother quite angry. 湯姆打碎了自己的眼鏡，這使他媽媽非常生氣。（

30、關(guān)系代詞which代表湯姆打碎眼鏡這件事） （4）as引導(dǎo)的定語從句 as用作關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)限定性定語從句，并在從句中作定語、表語或狀語，構(gòu)成the sameas, suchas等結(jié)構(gòu)。 例：I like the same book as you do. (as作賓語) I shall do it in the same way as you did. (as作狀語) I want to have such a dictionary as he has. (as作賓語) as引導(dǎo)非限定性定語從句。as在定語從句中作主語、表語或賓語，這個定語從句是說明整個句子，它可以放在主句之前。 例：

31、As we all know, he studies very hard. (as作賓語) As is known to all, he is the best student in our class. (作主語) 常用的這種類似插入語的句式有as is said above, as is known to all, as it is等。 注意：關(guān)系代詞在從句中作主語時，從句的謂語動詞的人稱和數(shù)必須和先行詞保持一致；關(guān)系代詞which和as在定語從句中的區(qū)別是：which不能放在句首，而as則可以；在句中時，as有“正如”、“就像”之意，而which沒有。 （5）其它注意事項： 在定語從句中

32、做主語的who, which 或that后的動詞的數(shù)應(yīng)根據(jù)先行詞的人稱和數(shù)來確定； I want a girl who knows English. I want three girls who know English. He is one of the greatest men that are known to everyone. He is the only one of the students who has been to Canada. 關(guān)系代詞做介詞的賓語時，介詞可置于whom 或which的前面或句末，但關(guān)系代詞that不可直接放在介詞之后做賓語； Is this the

33、car for which you paid a high price? = Is this the car which you paid a high price for? = Is this the car that you paid a high price for? = Is this the car you paid a high price for? 關(guān)系副詞 介詞which(關(guān)系代詞) where = in/at which when = at/in which why = for which I can still remember the sitting-room where

34、/in which my mother and I used to sit in the evening. 但為表意清楚，在關(guān)系副詞where/when前可加介詞from 或 to等。 China is the birthplace of kites, from where kite flying spread to Japan, Korea, Thailand and India. that可代替關(guān)系副詞when, why等，或省略。 in which heI am quite satisfied with the way that he has done it. he 2) 動詞不定式 (

35、1) 構(gòu)成與特征 動詞不定式事動詞的一種非限定形式，由“to + 動詞原形”構(gòu)成，在句中起名詞、形容詞或副詞的作用，同時也保留動詞的一些特征，可以帶賓語或狀語。 例：He tried to work out the problem in five minutes. 他試圖在五分鐘之內(nèi)算出這道題。（帶賓語和狀語） (2) 不定式的時態(tài)和語態(tài) 不定式的時態(tài)： 不定式的一般式：不定式的一般式表示的動作與謂語的動作式同時發(fā)生的或是在其后發(fā)生的； 例：I saw him go out. 我看見他出去了。 Thousands of young people are learning to ski. 數(shù)以千

36、計的年輕人在學(xué)習(xí)滑雪。 不定式的進行式：不定式的進行式表示的動作與謂語動詞的動作是同時的，而且正在進行著； 例：I am very glad to be working with you. 我非常高興能和你一起工作。 不定式的完成式：不定式的完成式表示的動作發(fā)生在謂語動詞的動作之前。 例：I am sorry to have kept you waiting. 對不起，讓你久等了。 不定式的語態(tài)： 當(dāng)不定式的邏輯主語是這個不定式所表示的動作的承受者時，不定式一般要用被動形式。 例：He asked to be sent to work in the countryside. 他請求被派往農(nóng)村工

37、作。 It is possible for our hopes to be realized. 我們的希望有實現(xiàn)的可能。 注意： 不定式在句中用主動形式還是被動形式，多數(shù)情況下時容易判斷的，但有時的確比較復(fù)雜，請注意以下幾點： 不定式修飾的名詞或代詞和不定式構(gòu)成了邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，不定式往往用主動形式；例：Do you have got a key to unlock the door? 你有開門的鑰匙嗎？ 不定式修飾的名詞或代詞和不定式構(gòu)成了邏輯上的動賓關(guān)系，又和該句的主語構(gòu)成邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系時，不定式常用主動形式； 例：I have got a letter to write. 我又封信要

38、寫。 He needs a room to live in. 他需要一個房間。 不定式修飾的名詞或代詞和不定式構(gòu)成了邏輯上的動賓關(guān)系，不定式用被動形式； 例：The doctor recommended him to air the room. 醫(yī)生建議他讓房間透透氣。 The doctor recommended the room to be aired. 不定式作表語形容詞（easy, difficult, hard, fit等）的狀語，和句中主語構(gòu)成邏輯上的動賓關(guān)系時，不定式多用主動形式，可以看成時省略了動詞的邏輯主語for us, for me, for you 等； 例：This b

39、ook is difficult to read. 這本書很難讀懂。 The food was not fit (for me) to eat. 這食物不能吃。 The path is easy to find. 這路很容易找到。 The film is great fun (=interesting) (for us) to see. 這部電影真有趣。 (3) 功能 作主語 例：To see is to believe. 眼見為實。 不定式短語作主語時，往往由it代替它作形式主語，不定式移至謂語之后。 例：It is right to give up smoking. 戒煙是正確的。 作表語

40、 例：The next step is to make sure that you know exactly what is required. 下一步你要真正弄清楚需要的是什么。 My job is to help the patient. 我的工作是幫助病人。 They are to marry next week. （表示安排）他們下周結(jié)婚。 作賓語 例：He wanted to go with us. 他想跟我們一起去。 feel, find, judge, make, think, believe, consider等動詞后如果是動詞不定式作賓語，補語是形容詞(間或是名詞)，常用it

41、作形式賓語，把不定式后移。 例：I find it difficult to work with him. 我發(fā)現(xiàn)和他一起共事很難。 I thought it a great pity not to have invited her. 我認(rèn)為沒有邀請她是很大的遺憾。 下列動詞常跟不定式作賓語： agree, refuse, offer, promise, choose, decide, attempt, intend, manage, fail, ask, hope, want, expect, wish, desire, plan, prepare, learn, pretend等等。 作賓

42、語不足語 例：He asked me to do the work with him. 他讓我和他一起做這項工作。 在feel, hear, listen to, look at, notice, observe, see, watch, have, let, make等詞后的補足語中，不定式不帶to。但是這些句子如果變成被動結(jié)構(gòu)時，就必須帶to. 例：I often hear him sing the song. 我經(jīng)常聽到他唱歌。 He is often heard to sing the song. 作定語 例：I have some books for you to read. 我有些

43、書給你讀。 動詞不定式與其修飾的詞之間往往有動賓關(guān)系，如果該不定式是不及物動詞，其后應(yīng)有必要的介詞。 例：He is a pleasant fellow to work with. 他是個很好共事的人。 She bought a bookshelf to put her books on. 她買了一個書架放書。 There is nothing to worry about. 沒有什么好擔(dān)心的。 Please give me a knife to cut with. 請給我一把刀。 當(dāng)作定語的動詞不定式所修飾的名詞或代詞是不定式動作的承受者時，不定式既可以用主動語態(tài)，也可以用被動語態(tài)，當(dāng)其含義

44、有所不同。 試比較：Do you have anything to send? 你有什么東西要寄嗎？（不定式to send的動作執(zhí)行者是you） Do you have anything to be sent? 你有什么要（我或別人）寄的東西嗎？（不定式to send的動作執(zhí)行者是已被省略的me或someone else） the first, the second, the last, the best等常跟動詞不定式作定語。 例：He is always the first to answer questions in class. 他總是第一個在課堂上回答問題。 He would be

45、the last to agree to the plan. 他決不會同意這個計劃。 作狀語 不定式作狀語的情況很多，可以表示目的、結(jié)果、原因或條件等。 例：I came here to see you .(表目的) 我來這是為了看你。 We shall be very happy to cooperate with you in the project. （表原因）在此項目中與你們合作，我們非常高興。 He hurried to the school to find nobody there. (表結(jié)果) 他匆忙地趕到學(xué)校，結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)沒人在那。 She is very polite to sh

46、ow us the way. (表結(jié)果) 她非常有禮貌地給我們指路。 To look at him, you would like him. (表條件) 如果你看見他，你就會喜歡他。 You couldnt do that to save your life. (表條件) 你即使為了救自己的命也不能那樣做。 We ran all the way so as not to be late. (表條件) 為了不遲到我們一路跑來。 They divided the work, John to wash the vegetables and Marry to cook the meal. (表伴隨情況

47、) 他們分了工，約翰洗菜，瑪麗做飯。 不定式可以表明說話人的態(tài)度，在句中作獨立成分。 例：To tell the truth, this is all Greek to me. 說實話，我對此一竅不通。 To be sure, we can do it. 當(dāng)然，我們能做好的。 類似的還有：to be brief 簡言之， to be exact 精確地說，to be frank with you 老實對你說吧，to be honest 說實話，to start/begin with 首先 等等。這些短語大都位于句首，偶爾位于句中或句尾，需用逗號同其它句子成分格開。 不定式與疑問詞who, wh

48、ich, when, where, how, what等連用，在句中起名詞作用，可充當(dāng)主語、表語、賓語等。 例：He didnt know what to say. (賓語) 他不知道要說什么。 How to solve the problem is very important. （主語）如何解決問題非常重要。 My question is when to start. (表語) 我的問題是什么時候開始。 三、課文理解 1. Which of the following is NOT true according to the first paragraph?A. JK Rowling is

49、 a world full of wonders and strange happenings.B. The books are about creatures and adventures and the real world as well.C. Rowling has written books about children with secret past.D. We can know ourselves better by reading the books.2. What is true about Harry Porter?A. He is unhappy because he

50、has to change his life often.B. He lives miserably until he becomes a student at Hogwarts.C. He wants to become a wizard because he is normal enough.D. He has to change his life because his parents died.3. Harry learns the following except _.A. the magic and how to become a wizardB. the importance a

51、nd difficulty of making friendsC. the power of love and goodnessD. the secret of his life and choices4. According to the passage, _.A. you wont succeed if you dont have faith in what you are doingB. wizards have to fight each other because nothing is always rightC. birth and appearance has something to do with a persons growing upD. people can be friends although they have little or nothing in common5. What is the suggested idea of the passage?A. Poor childr