六級(jí)寫作原則+倒裝

1、寫作的“七項(xiàng)基本原則”：一、 長(zhǎng) 短 句原則工作還得一張一馳呢，老讓讀者讀長(zhǎng)句，累！寫一個(gè)短小精辟的句子，有時(shí)可以起到畫龍點(diǎn)睛的作用。而且如果我們把短句放在段首或者段末，也可以揭示主題：As a creature, I eat; as a man, I read. Although one action is to meet the primary need of my body and the other is to satisfy the intellectual need of mind, they are in a way quite similar.如此可見，長(zhǎng)短句結(jié)合，抑揚(yáng)頓挫，豈

2、不爽哉？牢記！強(qiáng)烈建議：在文章第一段（開頭）用一長(zhǎng)一短，且先長(zhǎng)后短；在文章主體部分，要先用一個(gè)短句解釋主要意思，然后在闡述幾個(gè)要點(diǎn)的時(shí)候采用先短后長(zhǎng)的句群形式，定會(huì)讓主體部分妙筆生輝！文章結(jié)尾一般用一長(zhǎng)一短就可以了。二、 主 題 句原則國有其君，家有其主，文章也要有其主。否則會(huì)給人造成“群龍無首”之感！相信各位讀過一些破爛文學(xué)，故意把主體隱藏在文章之內(nèi)，結(jié)果造成我們稀里糊涂！不知所云！所以奉勸各位一定要寫一個(gè)主題句，放在文章的開頭（保險(xiǎn)型）或者結(jié)尾，讓讀者一目了然，必會(huì)平安無事！特別提示：隱藏主體句可是要冒險(xiǎn)的！To begin with, you must work hard at your

3、 lessons and be fully prepared before the exam（主題句）. Without sufficient preparation, you can hardly expect to answer all the questions correctly.三、 一 二 三原則領(lǐng)導(dǎo)講話總是第一部分、第一點(diǎn)、第二點(diǎn)、第三點(diǎn)、第二部分、第一點(diǎn) 如此羅嗦?？僧吘惯€是條理清楚?？脊賯兛次恼乱脖厝灰ㄟ^這些關(guān)鍵性的“標(biāo)簽”來判定你的文章是否結(jié)構(gòu)清楚，條理自然。*方法很簡(jiǎn)單，只要把下面任何一組的詞匯加入到你的幾個(gè)要點(diǎn)前就清楚了。1）first, second, third,

4、 last（不推薦，原因：俗）2）firstly, secondly, thirdly, finally（不推薦，原因：俗）3）the first, the second, the third, the last（不推薦，原因：俗）4）in the first place, in the second place, in the third place, lastly（不推薦，原因：俗）5）to begin with, then, furthermore, finally（強(qiáng)烈推薦）6）to start with, next, in addition, finally（強(qiáng)烈推薦）7）first

5、 and foremost, besides, last but not least（強(qiáng)烈推薦）8）most important of all, moreover, finally9）on the one hand, on the other hand（適用于兩點(diǎn)的情況）10）for one thing, for another thing（適用于兩點(diǎn)的情況）建議：不僅僅在寫作中注意，平時(shí)說話的時(shí)候也應(yīng)該條理清楚！四、 短語優(yōu)先原則寫作時(shí)，尤其是在考試時(shí)，如果使用短語，有兩個(gè)好處：其一、用短語會(huì)使文章增加亮點(diǎn)，如果老師們看到你的文章太簡(jiǎn)單，看不到一個(gè)自己不認(rèn)識(shí)的短語，必然會(huì)看你低一等。相反，如

6、果發(fā)現(xiàn)亮點(diǎn)精彩的短語，那么你的文章定會(huì)得高分了。 關(guān)鍵時(shí)刻思維短路，只有湊字?jǐn)?shù)，怎么辦？用短語是一個(gè)辦法！比如：I cannot bear it.可以用短語表達(dá)：I cannot put up with it. I want it.可以用短語表達(dá)：I am looking forward to it.這樣字?jǐn)?shù)明顯增加，表達(dá)也更準(zhǔn)確。五、 多實(shí)少虛原則原因很簡(jiǎn)單，寫文章還是應(yīng)該寫一些實(shí)際的東西，不要空話連篇。這就要求一定要多用實(shí)詞，少用虛詞。我這里所說的虛詞就是指那些比較大的詞。比如我們說一個(gè)很好的時(shí)候，不應(yīng)該之說nice這樣空洞的詞，應(yīng)該使用一些諸如generous, humorous, in

7、teresting, smart, gentle, warm-hearted, hospitable 之類的形象詞。再比如：“走出房間”，general的詞是：walk out of the room但是小偷走出房間應(yīng)該說：slip out of the room小姐走出房間應(yīng)該說：sail out of the room小孩走出房間應(yīng)該說：dance out of the room老人走出房間應(yīng)該說：stagger out of the room所以多用實(shí)詞，少用虛詞，文章將會(huì)大放異彩！六、 多變句式原則1）加法（串聯(lián)）都希望寫下很長(zhǎng)的句子，像個(gè)老外似的，可就是怕寫錯(cuò)，怎么辦，最保險(xiǎn)的寫長(zhǎng)句

8、的方法就是這些，可以在任何句子之間加and, 但最好是前后的句子又先后關(guān)系或者并列關(guān)系。比如說：I enjor music and he is fond of playing guitar.如果是二者并列的，我們可以用一個(gè)超級(jí)句式：Not only the fur coat is soft, but it is also warm.(not onlybut also)其它的短語可以用：besides, furthermore, likewise, moreover2）轉(zhuǎn)折（拐彎抹角）批評(píng)某人缺點(diǎn)的時(shí)候，我們總習(xí)慣先拐彎抹角說說他的優(yōu)點(diǎn)，然后轉(zhuǎn)入正題，比較容易讓人接受。所以呢，我們說話的時(shí)候，只

9、要在要點(diǎn)之前先來點(diǎn)廢話，注意二者之間用個(gè)轉(zhuǎn)折詞就夠了。The car was quite old, yet it was in excellent condition.The coat was thin, but it was warm.更多的短語：despite that, still仍, however然而, nevertheless然而, in spite of 不管, despite不管, notwithstanding .雖然3）因果（so, so, so）昨天在街上我看到了一個(gè)女孩，然后我主動(dòng)搭訕，然后我們?nèi)タХ葟d，然后我們認(rèn)識(shí)了，然后我們成為了朋友可見，講故事的時(shí)候我們總要追求先

10、后順序，先什么，后什么，所以然后這個(gè)詞就變得很常見了。其實(shí)這個(gè)詞表示的是先后或因果關(guān)系！The snow began to fall, so we went home.更多短語：then, therefore, consequently, accordingly, hence, as a result, for this reason, so that4）失衡句（頭重腳輕，或者頭輕腳重）有些人腦袋大，身體小，或者有些人腦袋小，身體大，雖然我們不希望長(zhǎng)成這個(gè)樣子，可如果真的是這樣了，也就必然會(huì)吸引別人的注意力。文章中如果出現(xiàn)這樣的句子，就更會(huì)讓考官看到你的句子與眾不同。其實(shí)就是主語從句，表語從句

11、，賓語從句的變形。舉例：This is what I can do.Whether he can go with us or not is not sure.同樣主語、賓語、表語可以改成如下的復(fù)雜成分：When to go, Why he goes away5）附加（多此一舉）如果有了老婆，總會(huì)遇到這樣的情況，當(dāng)你再講某個(gè)人的時(shí)候，她會(huì)插一句說，我昨天見過他；或者說，就是某某某，如果把老婆的話插入到我們的話里面，那就是定語從句和同位語從句或者是插入語。The man whom you met yesterday is a friend of mine.I dont enjoy that boo

12、k you are reading.Mr liu, our oral English teacher, is easy-going.其實(shí)很簡(jiǎn)單，同位語-要解釋的東西刪除后不影響整個(gè)句子的構(gòu)成；定語從句借用之前的關(guān)鍵詞并且用其重新組成一個(gè)句子插入其中，但是whom or that 關(guān)鍵詞必須要緊跟在先行詞之前。6）排比（排山倒海句）文學(xué)作品中最吸引人的地方莫過于此，如果非要讓文章更加精彩的話，那可以引用一個(gè)個(gè)的排比句，一個(gè)個(gè)得對(duì)偶句，一個(gè)個(gè)的不定式，一個(gè)個(gè)地詞，一個(gè)個(gè)的短語，如此表達(dá)將會(huì)使文章有排山倒海之勢(shì)！Whether your tastes are modern or traditiona

13、l, sophisticated or simple, there is plenty in London for you.Nowadays, energy can be obtained through various sources such as oil, coal, natural gas, solar heat, the wind and ocean tides. We have got to study hard, to enlarge our scope of knowledge, to realize our potentials and to pay for our life

14、. （氣勢(shì)恢宏）要想寫出如此氣勢(shì)恢宏的句子非用排比不可！七、 挑戰(zhàn)極限原則既然十挑戰(zhàn)極限，必然是比較難的，但是并非不可攀！原理：在學(xué)生的文章中，很少發(fā)現(xiàn)諸如獨(dú)立主格的句子，其實(shí)也很簡(jiǎn)單，只要花上5分鐘的時(shí)間看看就可以領(lǐng)會(huì)，它就是分詞的一種特殊形式，分詞要求主語一致，而獨(dú)立主格則不然。比如：The weather being fine, a large number of people went to climb the Western Hills.Africa is the second largest continent, its size being about three times t

15、hat of China.如果您可一些出這樣的句子，不得高分才怪！文章主體段落三大殺手锏：一、舉實(shí)例思維短路，舉實(shí)例！提出一個(gè)觀點(diǎn)，舉實(shí)例！提出一個(gè)方案，舉實(shí)例！而且者也是我們揭示一個(gè)觀點(diǎn)最好的方式，任何情況下，只要我們無法繼續(xù)文章，不管三七二十一，盡管舉例子！In order to attract more customers, advertisers have adopted every possible stimulative factor in making ads, such as sound, light, colors, cartoon films and human peroa

16、nce. For instance, to advertise a certain food, advertisers will ask an actor or actress to sit at a table and devour the seemingly delicious food while they fime him or her.更多句型：To take as an example, One example is, Another example is, for example二、做比較方法：寫完一個(gè)要點(diǎn)，比較與之相似的；又寫完一個(gè)要點(diǎn)，再比較與之相反的；世界上沒有同樣的指紋，

17、沒有相同的樹葉，文章亦同，只有通過比較，你才會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)二者的相同點(diǎn)（through comparison）和不同點(diǎn)（through contrast）。下面是一些短語：相似的比較：in comparison, likewise, similarly, in the same manner相反的比較：on the other hand, conversely, whereas, while, instead, nevertheless, in contrast, on the contrary, compared with , 三、換言之沒話說了，可以換一句話再說，讓你的文章在多一些字，或者文鄒鄒地

18、說，是讓讀者更充分的理解你的觀點(diǎn)。實(shí)際就是重復(fù)重復(fù)再重復(fù)！下面的句子實(shí)際上就三個(gè)字 I love you!I am enthusiastic about you. That is to say, I love you.I am wild about you. In other words, I have fallen in love with you.或者上面我們舉過的例子：I cannot bear it.可以用短語表達(dá)：I cannot put up with it.因此可以這樣說：I cannot bear it. That is to say, I cannot put up with

19、 it or I am fed up with it.更多短語：in more difficult language, in simpler words, put it more simply“引言”段落中的常用句型：1is a very popular topic which is much talked about not only by but also by 家庭人口多好還是家庭人口少好是一個(gè)非常通俗的主題，不僅是城里人，而且農(nóng)民都經(jīng)常談?wù)撨@個(gè)問題。Weather a large family is a good thing or not is a very popular topic

20、 which is often talked about not only by city residents but by farmers as well.2. There is no denying the fact that無可否認(rèn)，空氣污染是一個(gè)極其嚴(yán)重的問題：城市當(dāng)局應(yīng)該采取有力措施來解決它。There is no denying the fact that air pollution is an extremely serious problem: the city authorities should take strong measures to deal with it.3.

21、 As is known to all,眾所周知，假冒偽劣商品損害了消費(fèi)者的利益。As is known to all, fake and inferior commodities harm the interests of consumers.(=do a lot of harm to the interests of consumers)4.More and more people are realizing the importance of 現(xiàn)在越來越多的人認(rèn)識(shí)到法制教育的重要性。為了維護(hù)社會(huì)治安，我們每人都應(yīng)該接受法制教育。Today an increasing number of

22、people have realized that law education is of great importance .In order to keep law and order, very one of us is supposed to get(=receive)a law education.5. From what I have mentioned above we can see clearly that從上面我所提到的，我們可以清楚地看到，電視暴力對(duì)青少年的影響是極其深遠(yuǎn)的。From what I have mentioned above, we can see clea

23、rly that violence on TV has great influence on young adults behavior.(或 teenagers behavior 或 youngsters behavior)“正文”段落中常用的句型：1There are some good reasons for(分析原因)two possible人民生活狀況的改善原因有兩點(diǎn)。首先，我們一直在貫徹執(zhí)行改革開放政策。其次，國民經(jīng)濟(jì)正在迅速發(fā)展，而且出生率已經(jīng)得到控制。There are two reasons for the improvement in peoples living cond

24、itions. In the first place, we have been carrying out the reor and opening-up policy. Secondly, there has been a rapid expansion of our national economy . Further-more, the birth rate has been put under control.2. My suggestions to deal with the problem are as follows. In the first place, Secondly,F

25、inally solvetacklerelieve （提出建議）我對(duì)解決這個(gè)問題的建議如下。首先，迫在眉睫的是建立自然保護(hù)區(qū)。其次，有些瀕臨滅絕的珍稀野生動(dòng)物應(yīng)該收捕、人工喂養(yǎng)并繁殖。最后，對(duì)于捕獵珍稀野生動(dòng)物的人必須嚴(yán)懲。My suggestions to deal with the problem are as follows .To begin with, it is urgent to create nature reserves. Secondly, certain rare wild animals that are going to be extinct should be co

26、llected, fed and reproduced artificially. Finally, those who hunt them must be punished severely.3. Different people have different opinions on this question. Some people believe that Others1 開頭萬能公式 一：名人名言有人問了，“我沒有記住名言，怎么辦？尤其是英語名言？”，很好辦：編！原理：我們看到的東西很多都是創(chuàng)造出來的，包括我們欣賞的文章也是，所以盡管編，但是一定要聽起來很有道理呦！而且沒準(zhǔn)將來我們就

27、是名人呢！對(duì)吧？經(jīng)典句型：A proberb says, “ You are only young once.” （適用于已記住的名言）It goes without saying that we cannot be young forever. （適用于自編名言）更多經(jīng)典句型：As everyone knows,No one can deny that2 開頭萬能公式 二：數(shù)字統(tǒng)計(jì)原理：要想更有說服力，就應(yīng)該用實(shí)際的數(shù)字來說明。原則上在議論文當(dāng)中十不應(yīng)該出現(xiàn)虛假數(shù)字的，可是在考試的時(shí)候哪管那三七二十一，但編無妨，只要我有東西寫就萬事大吉了。所以不妨試用下面的句型：According to a

28、 recent survey, about 78.9% of the college students wanted to further their study after their graduation.看起來這個(gè)數(shù)字文縐縐的，其實(shí)都是編造出來的，下面隨便幾個(gè)題目我們都可以這樣編造：Honesty根據(jù)最近的一項(xiàng)統(tǒng)計(jì)調(diào)查顯示，大學(xué)生向老師請(qǐng)假的理由當(dāng)中78%都是假的。Travel by Bike根據(jù)最近的一項(xiàng)統(tǒng)計(jì)調(diào)查顯示，85%的人在近距離旅行的時(shí)候首選的交通工具是自行車。Youth根據(jù)最近的一項(xiàng)統(tǒng)計(jì)調(diào)查顯示，在某個(gè)大學(xué)，學(xué)生的課余時(shí)間的70%都是在休閑娛樂。Five-day Work W

29、eek Better than Six-day Work?根據(jù)最近的一項(xiàng)統(tǒng)計(jì)調(diào)查顯示，98%的人同意每周五天工作日。更多句型：A recent statistics shows that 結(jié)尾萬能公式：1 結(jié)尾萬能公式一：如此結(jié)論說完了，畢竟要?dú)w納一番，相信各位都有這樣的經(jīng)歷，領(lǐng)導(dǎo)長(zhǎng)篇大論，到最后終于冒出個(gè)“總而言之”之類的話，我們馬上停止開小差，等待領(lǐng)導(dǎo)說結(jié)束語。也就是說，開頭很好，也必然要有一個(gè)精彩的結(jié)尾，讓讀者眼前一亮，這樣，你就可以拿高分了！比如下面的例子：Obviously（此為過渡短語）, we can draw the conclusion that good manners a

30、rise from politeness and respect for others.如果讀者很難“顯而見之”，但說無妨，就當(dāng)讀者的眼光太淺罷了！更多過渡短語：to sum up, in conclusion, in brief, on account of this, thus更多句型：Thus, it can be concluded that, Therefore, we can find that2 結(jié)尾萬能公式二：如此建議如果說“如此結(jié)論”是結(jié)尾最沒用的廢話，那么“如此建議”應(yīng)該是最有價(jià)值的廢話了，因?yàn)檫@里雖然也是廢話，但是卻用了一個(gè)很經(jīng)典的虛擬語氣的句型。Obviously, i

31、t is high time that we took some measures to solve the problem.這里的虛擬語氣用得很經(jīng)典，因?yàn)榭脊俦緛斫?jīng)?？歼@個(gè)句型，而如果我們自己寫出來，你說考官會(huì)怎么想呢？更多句型：Accordingly, I recommend that some measures be taken.Consequently, to solve the problem, some measures should be taken. On Cultivating the Sense of Gratitude On college campuses across

32、 the nation, there is a noticeable phenomenon that we cannot afford to ignore: far too many young college students lack the sense of gratitude, one of the countless traditional virtues of this ancient land with a splendid civilization spanning over 5,000 years. These young adults were not and are no

33、t aware of the huge importance of expressing gratitude to those who once helped them, from teachers to parents and so forth. Personally, I deem that the root cause of students without a graceful heart is that they receive an education not valuing the moral sphere. I strongly believe that joint effor

34、ts from folks across society are the final remedy for this social headache. As young university students of the new era, we should make our own contributions to this cause. Imagine a world without the sense of gratitude. This kind of world is doomed to failure. Simply put, we should join our hands t

35、o heighten our awareness of fostering a graceful heart. Only in this way can we build our society into a harmonious one. My fellow students, I beg you to act from now on. Thinking about young peoples wealth 一篇關(guān)于富二代和貧二代的英語作文Accompanying all the booms brought about by the profound social changes, many

36、 problems have come along. That whether the young should have familys wealth or not is a very marked one.It is widely accepted that we have been living in a the rich gets richer whereas the poor gets poorer age in terms of income gaps within a generation. There is an old saying in China, the offspri

37、ng of low-income can grow faster which means the children of low-income family have better problem-solving abilities during adulthood. But is it really true?Recently I have read much news about affluent 2nd generation which in most cases is negative. Born with a silver spoon in their mouth, they don

38、t have to worry about luxurious cars, houses and so on. The characters of them are always criticized by the public. Sometimes they just think about themselves and forget other peoples feelings including their parents. I have never known them to behave any other than selfishly.Sometimes they are peac

39、ockish and wasteful, but they think they can do to their way of thinking. On the contrast, some rich young people are more serious to life, and they think more and feel stressful at the same time.Personally, I believe children raised in household not in possession of a good fortune are conditioned i

40、n their early life to exercise self-control and self-restraint. Through the childhood and early adulthood they are used to repeated experiences of parents rejections of their requests. It is most difficult for them get a successful career, they may be much more difficult. As they are cultivated to h

41、ave a strong mind and have many beautiful virtues inside，they are more likely to be loved or accepted by the public.As far as I know, personal wealth is not measured by what your parents may give you, but is measured by personal ability and personal virtues.TRAFFIC JAM 為了有效治理交通擁堵，一些城市可能會(huì)制定“交通擁堵費(fèi)”政策。

42、請(qǐng)描述糟糕的交通情況，并提出治理建議。How horrible the traffic is! The picture depicts a scenario of a terrible traffic jam in the street. In fact, the traffic jam is so heavy that it is more of a parking lot than a crowded street. Anxious passengers cannot take buses because there are few buses. Instead, the street i

43、s filled with too many private cars。Exaggerated as it is, the phenomenon is not uncommon nowadays. With the number of private cars increasing, traffic jams in metropolitans are bound to happen. Heavy transportation pressure in large cities may bring much inconvenience to people and exert negative im

44、pacts on the environment. On the one hand, when traffic jam happens, short distance in the past now seems to become terribly long, and drivers could do nothing but to wait. Therefore, a lot of precious time has been wasted on the road. On the other hand, exhausted gas emitted by cars has increased t

45、he burden of environment and caused carbon emission, which has diverted from the concept of living a low carbon life。Therefore, effective measures should be taken to alleviate the traffic jam. Firstly, taxes levied on the sales of private cars should be raised so as to restrict private car ownership

46、 rate. Secondly, public transportation such as buses and subways, which are low-carbon transportation means, should be encouraged and promoted so that we can have a smooth transportation。Food Safety嚴(yán)重的食品質(zhì)量問題的背后折射出該品牌的食品檢驗(yàn)缺失，買到該食品的消費(fèi)者感到十分惡心和后怕。中國的食品安全問題Currently, many problems concerning the safety o

47、f food have popped up. As for me, I believe at least three factors account for this issue.First, I observe that profits drive many food producers to commit illegal things. They aim to gain more money at the expense of consumers health. Second, the overuse of agricultural pesticide has resulted in th

48、e degradation of food quality. The excessive pesticide bears enormous health hazard for people. Furthermore, some food producers inject hormones into domestic animals so as to make them grow more quickly and thus they can turn in more profit. As a result, peoples health has been seriously disturbed.

49、All in all, food safety is such a great concern, and we all should do establish laws and implement them effectively to avoid producing toxic foods.My Opinion on Campus LecturesIn recent years, more and more lectures are being given on campus. They are organized either by the departments or by the st

50、udents unions with an aim to improve the students quality both mentally and academically. These lectures are usually in series and on different topics, such as arts, life, economy, psychology and world issues.Generally speaking, the advantages of good lectures are various. First they broaden the stu

51、dents knowledge horizon and cultivate interest in different fields. Second, they make the life of the students colorful and enjoyable.With these merits, lectures are just complementary and subordinate to our school work. If students spend too much time attending lectures, their regular study will be

52、 affected and disturbed. So, in my opinion, the students should, on the one hand, do their class work and homework well first, on the other hand, set as more time as possible to attend good lectures which are helpful to our life and study. The Popularity of Blog1）近年來“博客”越來越流行，許多人利用“博客”來表達(dá)心聲、交流想法2）博客

53、流行的原因 3）目前的博客中可能存在的問題【思路點(diǎn)撥】本題屬于提綱式文字命題。提綱第1指出一種現(xiàn)象，第2點(diǎn)要求說明導(dǎo)致該現(xiàn)象的原因，第3要求分析該現(xiàn)象中可能存在的問題，由此可判斷本文應(yīng)為現(xiàn)象解釋型作文。 根據(jù)所給提綱，本文應(yīng)包含以下內(nèi)容：簡(jiǎn)單介紹什么是“博客”，描述博客的流行情況;說明博客流行的原因；指出目前博客中可能存在的問題。【參考范文】 The Popularity of BlogIn recent years, blog has become very popular. More and more people have created their own blogs and ofte

54、n visit othersblogs. They use blog to reveal their inner voice, or collect and share thoughts and things they find interesting. In brief, blog is an online dairy or a frequently updated personal page. Why does blog become so popular in such a short time? Firstly, it is the widespread of Internet tha

55、t provides a platform for the appearance and popularity of blog. Secondly, anyone can create his own blog as he wishes. Blog has no fixed rules and neednt professional knowledge and skills, which enables millions of people to have a voice and connect with others. Thirdly, blog covers all kinds of to

56、pics from daily life to political forums, from individual thoughts to world events. Among millions of blogs, you can always find something you are interested in. However, blog has some problems. For one thing, plagiarism in blog is not unusual. The protection of blog copyright cannot be guaranteed.

57、For another, many blog contents are in a mess, and some even include unhealthy things. Therefore, blog still has a long way to go before it becomes mature.Air pollutionAir pollution, which can be seen in many parts of the world, is one of the serious problems the worlds people are facing today. As i

58、s indicated from the picture, the poisonous gas coming from the factories, automobiles and houses pollute the air without which cannot live. There is no denying that many people as well as scientists have been aware of dangers air pollution brings to people.The first category of dangers it has brought is the harm to our health. Nearly everyone knows that serious air po