簡單的對外漢語語法

1、中文語法中文句式 Golden structure Subject + verb+objectSubject + when +where+ how + action TensesThere is no conjugation in Chinese verbs , normally we use verb+ the time in the past or future and some fixed structures below to express different tenses “了” after the verb or in the end of the sentences to ex

2、press past tense “過。了” verb +過+object了 to express completion tense 正在/在 + verb to express be doing something , present continuous 馬上/就要+verb to express something that is going to happen very soon會/要+verb to express something that might happen not in the very near future Yes or No question Use of “嗎”

3、 or verb+not+verb to ask Are you XXX or not , do you XXX or not 你是學生嗎？ 你是不是學生？When the verb has 2 syllables, take the first character of the verb before “not”你喜歡我嗎？ 你喜不喜歡我？ When there are 2 verbs in the sentence, take the main verb for the “verb+not+verb” structure你會游泳嗎？ 你會不會游泳？你喜歡吃水果嗎？ 你喜不喜歡吃水果？Con

4、tent question Questions with what, who, which,when, where What ,who,which always come in the end of the sentence . When and where come before the action 你喜歡誰？(who) 你想吃什么(what)你什么時候去法國？（when）你在哪里上班？(where)Complement of result Use of “到” as suffixEg: 找到，看到，買到，拿到，得到，追到，聽到，摸到Complement of direction use

5、of “來” and “去”eg： 上來，下來，進來，進去，回來，回去，過來，過去，出來，出去，上去，下去use of “了”1. To express “extreme” ，use with “太”Eg: 太好了，人太多了，太晚了，太累了2. Past tense Eg: 我吃午飯了，我看過了了can be after the verb or end of the sentence Eg: 昨晚我去看電影了，今天中午我吃了法國菜3. Verb+ Duration of time , can use 2 了in the sentence Eg: 我在胡志明住了3年了 （仍住在胡志明） 我在胡志

6、明住了3年 （ 現(xiàn)在不在胡志明住了） 我學中文4年了 （現(xiàn)在還在學中文） 我學了中文4年 （現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)不學了）4. express something new in life Eg: 我談戀愛了 我有男朋友了 我買房子了 我長胖了5. Express something that is going to happen soon ,most of the time comes with 就/就要/要Eg: 就要下雨了 馬上就好了 我要出去了一下1. a little bit , used to soften the tongue when you ask someone to do stheg:

7、看一下，聽一下，過來一下，嘗一下，瞧一下，聞一下 單音節(jié)動詞也可以在“一”后面重復該單詞，或者直接重復動詞表達同樣的意思 看看，聽聽，嘗嘗，聞聞，瞧瞧 看一看，聽一聽，嘗一嘗，聞一聞，瞧一瞧2. one time 親一下我，打一下我，摸一下我，抱一下我3. suddenly ,very soon ，normally used with “子” 天一下子就陰了 火車一下子就到了 她一下子子就哭了過1. to cross過街，過橋，過馬路2. over , too much 過高，過低，過胖，過瘦 可以用“太”替換3. experience doing something你坐過飛機嗎？ 你看過彩虹

8、嗎？你去過法國嗎？4. 過+了 express have done sth 你吃過飯了嗎？ 我刷過牙了。就1. just ,right, exactly就在這兒，就是這個人，我就是喜歡你2. 如果。就 If . XX will如果你去，我就去如果你愛我，我就嫁給你3. 只要。就 as long as . XXX will只要你同意，我就來只要你們準備好了，我們就走4. Already ,then , opposite of “才”我昨晚10點就睡了今天早上我8點就來了才ONLY 沒 VS 不1. To express habitual things and statements , negat

9、ive expression goes with 不我不吃狗肉， 我不喜歡美國2. Negate the past , goes with 沒我今天沒吃飯， 我昨天沒去上班 3. Negate “have “ ,goes with 沒沒有4. To express not yet , use 還沒我還沒出門，我還沒到能愿動詞能會應該Hi there I am from mainland China and right now living in Ho chi minh city Vietnam since 3 years ago . I can speak fluent English intermediate French and beginner in Vietnamese and some Spanish . I love languages and love to teach people beautiful Chinese languagI am good at finding the interests of my student and obstacles they are facing when learn Ch