特定要素和收入分配

1、qm = qm (k, lm)figure 3-1: 制造品的生產(chǎn)函數(shù)勞動(dòng)投入勞動(dòng)投入, lm產(chǎn)量產(chǎn)量, qmmplmfigure 3-2: 邊際勞動(dòng)產(chǎn)出勞動(dòng)投入，勞動(dòng)投入，lm 邊際勞動(dòng)產(chǎn)出邊際勞動(dòng)產(chǎn)出 mplmqf =qf(k, lf)qm =qm(k, lm)l2ml2f321llaa13pp生產(chǎn)可能性邊界 (pp)制造品的生產(chǎn)函數(shù)勞動(dòng)資源配置 (aa)糧食的生產(chǎn)函數(shù)q2fq2m2糧食部門的勞動(dòng)投入lf (增加)制造品產(chǎn)量qm(增加)制造品部門的勞動(dòng)投入, lm (增加)糧食產(chǎn)量 qf (增加)figure 3-3: 特定要素模型中的生產(chǎn)可能性邊界pm x mplm(demand cur

2、ve for labor in manufacturing)pf x mplf(demand curve for labor in food)wage rate, wwage rate, ww11l1ml1ftotal labor supply, llabor used in manufactures, lmlabor used in food, lffigure 3-4: 勞動(dòng)的配置slope = -(pm /pf)11q1fq1moutput of manufactures, qmoutput of food, qfppfigure 3-5: production in the speci

3、fic factors modelw1 1pf increases 10%wage rate, wwage rate, wpf 1 x mplflabor used in manufactures, lmlabor used in food, lf10% wage increasepm increases 10%pm 1 x mplmw22pf 2 x mplfpm 2 x mplmfigure 3-6: an equal proportional increase in the prices of manufactures and foodpf 1 x mplfwage rate, wwag

4、e rate, wpm 1 x mplm2w 2labor used in food, lflabor used in manufactures, lmamount of labor shifted from food to manufactureswage rate rises by less than 7%7% upward shift in labor demandpm 2 x mplm1w 1figure 3-7: a rise in the price of manufacturesppslope = - (pm /pf)1output of manufactures, qmoutp

5、ut of food, qfslope = - (pm /pf) 21q1fq1m2q2fq2mfigure 3-8: the response of output to a change in the relative price of manufacturesrelative quantityof manufactures, qm/qfrelative price of manufactures, pm /pf rd rs figure 3-9: determination of relative prices1 (pm /pf )1 (qm /qf )1 二、特定要素模型中的國(guó)際貿(mào)易二、

6、特定要素模型中的國(guó)際貿(mào)易pm x mplm2pf 1 x mplfwage rate, wwage rate, wpm x mplm1w 112w 2increase in capital stock, kamount of labor shifted from food to manufactureslabor used in manufactures, lmlabor usedin food, lffigure 3-10: changing the capital stockrelative quantity of manufactures, qm/qfrelative price of

7、manufactures, pm /pf (pm /pf )w (pm /pf )a (pm /pf )j figure 3-11: trade and relative pricesrdworld rsa rsworld rsj budget constraint (slope = -pm/pf)consumption of manufactures, dm output of manufactures, qm consumption of food, dfoutput of food, qfproduction possibility curvefigure 3-12: the budge

8、t constraint for a trading economyq1m1q1fqjfqafdafdjfqamdamqjmdjmjapans food importsamericas food exportsjapans manufactures exportsamericas manufactures imports制造品產(chǎn)量制造品產(chǎn)量制造品產(chǎn)量制造品產(chǎn)量糧食產(chǎn)量糧食產(chǎn)量糧食產(chǎn)量糧食產(chǎn)量japanese budget constraintamerican budget constraintfigure 3-13: trading equilibriumbudget constraint(slope = - pm/pf)ppconsumption of manufactures, dmoutput of manufactures, qm consumption of food, dfoutput of food, qfq1mq1f12figure 3-14: trade expands the economys consumption possibilities q2 l2 l1 pf1 slope= -1 100 pf2 pp