第5講 形容詞和副詞

1、 第五講 形容詞和副詞學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo)：考點(diǎn)：形容詞和副詞的比較級(jí)學(xué)習(xí)重點(diǎn)和難點(diǎn)1. 形容詞和副詞的位置2. 形容詞和副詞的作用3. 形容副詞和副詞的比較級(jí)把握小升初的考點(diǎn)，掌握好形容詞和副詞的考點(diǎn)，你是最棒的！學(xué)習(xí)內(nèi)容：?jiǎn)栴}一：認(rèn)識(shí)形容詞和副詞？1. 形容詞的概念（1） 形容詞在句中用來(lái)修飾和描述名詞或代詞。（2） 形容詞是表示人或事物的性質(zhì)、狀態(tài)和特征的詞。例如:表示高矮、胖瘦的形容詞 tall高的；short矮的；fat胖的；thin瘦的 表示大小、速度的形容詞 big大的；little/small小的；quick快的；slow慢的 表示顏色的形容詞 white白的；black黑的；red紅的；

2、green綠的 表示外貌的形容詞 beautiful美麗的；ugly丑陋的；cute可愛(ài)的；handsome英俊的2. 形容詞的類別(1) 簡(jiǎn)單形容詞和復(fù)合形容詞(2) 簡(jiǎn)單形容詞由單個(gè)的詞構(gòu)成；復(fù)合形容詞由兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的詞構(gòu)成。形容詞+形容詞：dark-blue深藍(lán)的；light-green淺綠的形容詞+分詞：good-looking好看的；new-born新生的副詞+形容詞:ever-green常青的名詞+形容詞：life-long終身的；snow-white雪白的3. 副詞的概念(1) 副詞可以修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、其他副詞，此外，還可以修飾整個(gè)句子。(2) 很多副詞以ly結(jié)尾，但不是所有

3、以ly 結(jié)尾的詞都是副詞。例如：a friendly greeting .親切的問(wèn)候。（friendly以ly 結(jié)尾，但是形容詞） Jane skates quite well .簡(jiǎn)滑冰滑得很好。（quite不以ly 結(jié)尾，但是副詞）4. 副詞的類別（1） 時(shí)間副詞表示“事情發(fā)生的時(shí)間”before以前；now現(xiàn)在；early早地；today今天（2） 地點(diǎn)副詞表示“事情發(fā)生的地點(diǎn)、位置”here這里；upstairs在樓上；somewhere某處；away遠(yuǎn)離（3） 程度副詞表示“程度的深淺”much很；very非常；almost幾乎；enough足夠（4） 頻率副詞表示“事情發(fā)生的頻度”a

4、lways總是；often經(jīng)常；once一次；ever曾經(jīng)（5） 方式副詞表示“事情進(jìn)行的方式”quickly快地；loudly大聲地；happily幸福地；angrily憤怒地（6） 疑問(wèn)副詞主要用來(lái)引導(dǎo)特殊疑問(wèn)句 when何時(shí)；where哪里；why為什么；how如何問(wèn)題二：形容詞和副詞在句中的位置？1. 形容詞在句子中的位置1. 形容詞通常放在名詞之前。2. 形容詞在句子中也常放在系動(dòng)詞之后。The leaves turn yellow in autumn.樹(shù)葉在秋天變黃。例句：Dudu is hungry , but there is only an empty bowl .嘟嘟餓了，

5、但這兒只有一個(gè)空碗。2. 形容詞在句子中的順序1. 當(dāng)兩個(gè)（以上）的形容詞修飾一個(gè)名詞時(shí)，通常與被修飾的名詞關(guān)系最密切的形容詞靠近名詞。a great green Olympics.偉大的綠色奧運(yùn) the tall young man 那個(gè)高個(gè)子年輕人two old Chinese stone bridges 兩座古老的中國(guó)石橋2 如果形容詞修飾的是不定代詞時(shí)，要放在這些不定代詞的后面。He wants to do something different .他想做一些與眾不同的事情。3 如果名詞前有冠詞（a, an, the）或代詞（my, this, that等）修飾，則它們的順序：冠詞/代

6、詞+形容詞+名詞。my favorite coffee .我最喜歡的咖啡3. 副詞在句子中的位置1. 副詞修飾形容詞時(shí)，一般放在形容詞的前面。例如：Jane is too young .簡(jiǎn)太小了。2. 副詞修飾其他副詞時(shí)，一般放在這個(gè)副詞的前面。例如: very hard 非常費(fèi)力3. 副詞修飾動(dòng)詞時(shí)，一般放在行為動(dòng)詞的后面。例如：They danced happily .他們跳舞跳得很快樂(lè)。4. 句子中有助動(dòng)詞或be 動(dòng)詞時(shí)，副詞一般位于助動(dòng)詞或be 動(dòng)詞之后。例如：The children have just arrived .孩子們剛剛到達(dá)。The bus is always crowd

7、ed .車?yán)锟偸呛軗頂D。4 副詞在句子中的排列順序1. 句子中有幾個(gè)類別的副詞連用時(shí)，這些副詞的先后順序?yàn)椋撼潭雀痹~方式副詞地點(diǎn)副詞時(shí)間副詞例如：Andy s father worked very hard abroad last year .安迪的父親去年在國(guó)外工作得很辛苦。2. 句子中有多個(gè)時(shí)間副詞或地點(diǎn)副詞連用時(shí)，這些副詞的先后順序?yàn)椋罕硎拘挝坏母痹~表示大單位的副詞 例如：He comes from Beijing ,China. 他來(lái)自中國(guó)北京。問(wèn)題三： 形容詞和副詞的比較級(jí) 一、形容詞和副詞的比較級(jí)的變化規(guī)則1) 符合規(guī)則的：情 況加 法例 詞一 般 情 況直接加 -er ; -e

8、sttall-taller-tallest以e結(jié)尾的詞加 r ; -stnice-nicer-nicest以“輔音+y”結(jié)尾的詞變y為i再加-er ; -estdry-drier-driestheavy-heavier-heaviest以一個(gè)輔音字母結(jié)尾的詞輔音字母雙寫(xiě)，再加-er ; -estthin-thinner-thinnest多音節(jié)和部分雙音節(jié)單詞在詞前加 more ; mostmore beautiful most beautiful2）幾個(gè)不規(guī)則的形容詞和副詞的比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)如下表：原 級(jí)比較級(jí)最高級(jí)good , well好的better更好的best最好的bad壞的 , ill

9、有病的worse更壞/糟的worst最壞/糟的many , much多的more更多的most最多的little少/小的less較少/小的least最少/小的far遠(yuǎn)farther更遠(yuǎn)的farthest最遠(yuǎn)的二、形容詞和副詞比較級(jí)的用法：級(jí)別比較程度表達(dá)方式和意義例 句備 注原級(jí)同等程度肯定形式as+原級(jí)+as(和一樣)He is as tall as his brother .他和他哥哥一樣高。She speaks English as well as her English teacher .她說(shuō)英語(yǔ)和她的英語(yǔ)老師一樣好。 否定形式not + so (as) +原級(jí)+as(不如那樣)It

10、is not so/as cold today as yesterday .今天的天氣不如昨天冷。Andy can not swim as fast as Susan .安迪不如蘇珊游泳游得快。比較級(jí)不同程度（用于兩者比較）比較級(jí)+than(比更)Jim is older than Lucy.吉姆比露西更大。Andy swims more slowly than Susan.安迪比蘇珊游得更慢。比較級(jí)前面可以加much, far, even, still,a lot, a little, a bit等程度加深比較級(jí)+and+比較級(jí)（越來(lái)越）The + 比較級(jí)，the + 比較級(jí)（越, 越）He

11、 is growing taller and taller.他長(zhǎng)得越來(lái)越高。The sooner, the better .越快越好。最高級(jí)最高程度（用于三者或三者以上）The +最高級(jí)+（名詞）+比較的范圍(最)one of the+最高級(jí)(是中最之一)Andy is the youngest boy in his class.安迪是他們班最小的男生。Susan sings (the) best in her class.蘇珊在她的班里唱歌最好。Hangzhou is one of the most beautiful cities in China .杭州是中國(guó)最美麗的城市之一。副詞最高級(jí)

12、前面的the 往往省略三 典型例題：1. Remember, boys and girls _you work, _result you will get.A. The better; the harder B. The harder; the betterC. The hard; the better D. The harder; the good2. Jack is afraid of flying. He feels _before he gets on a plane.A. surprised B. excited C. proud D. nervous3. - I think our

13、 chemistry teacher is working hard. He teaches us_.-Yes, but he hasnt come today. He doesnt feel_.A. good; well B. good; good C. well; good D. well; well4. Li Leis words made her_.A. happily B. angrily C. crying D. angry5. Will you please tell me_in your country?A. interesting somewhere B. somewhere

14、 interesting C. anywhere interesting D. interesting anywhere6. This maths problem is _that one.A. not so easy as B. more easy than C. as easier than D. easy than7. The movie Batman and Joker is _one that Ive ever seen.A. more exciting B. more excited C. the most exciting D. the most excited8. They h

15、ave just cleaned the windows, so the room looks_.A. more brighter B. more bright C. less bright D. much brighter9. Of the two skirts, Lucy chose _one.A. less expensive B. the least expensive C. the less expensive D. the most expensive10. Of all the novels here I like this one _. Its not interesting

16、at all.A. least B. most C. best D. worst三 課后練習(xí)一)、寫(xiě)出下列形容詞或副詞的比較級(jí)old_ young_ tall_ long_ fast_short_ strong_ big_ small _ early_ fat_ thin_ heavy_ light_ late_ nice_ good_ beautiful_ slow_ low_ high_ far_ well_ bad 二)、根據(jù)句意填入單詞的正確形式：1. My brother is two years _(old)than me.2. Tom is as _(fat) as Jim.3.

17、 Is your sister _(young) than you? Yes,she is.4. Who is _(thin),you or Helen? Helen is.5. Whose pencil-box is _(big),yours or hers? Hers is.6. Marys hair is as _(long) as Lucys.7.Ben _ (jump) _ (high) than some of the boys in his class.8._ Nancy sing _ (well) than Helen? Yes, she _.9.Fangfang is not

18、 as _ (tall) as the other girls.10.My eyes are _(big) than _ (she).11.Which is _(heavy),the elephant or the pig?12.Who gets up _(early),Tim or Tom?13._the girls get up_(early) than the boys?No,they_.14. Jim runs _(slow). But Ben runs _(slow).15.The child doesnt_(write) as _(fast) as the students.三)、

19、翻譯句子：1、誰(shuí)比Jim年紀(jì)大？_ is _than Jim？ 2、誰(shuí)比David更強(qiáng)壯？是Gao Shan._ _ than David? Gao Shan _.3、誰(shuí)的鉛筆更長(zhǎng)，他的還是她的？我想是她的。_ pencil is _,_or_？_is,I think.4、誰(shuí)的蘋(píng)果更重，你的姐姐的還是你的弟弟的？ 我的弟弟的。_ apples _ _,your _ or your _?My _ _.5、你和你的叔叔一樣高。You are your uncle.6、他和他的朋友Jim一樣年輕。He _ as _ as _ _ Jim.7.我跳得和Mike一樣遠(yuǎn)。I _ as _ as Mike.

20、8.Tom比你跑得快嗎？不是的,他和我跑得一樣快。_ Tom _ _ than you? No, he _. He_ as_ as_.9.多做運(yùn)動(dòng)，你會(huì)更強(qiáng)壯。_ more exercise, youll _ _ soon.10.我的姐姐起得比我早。My_ _ up _than me.11我母親比我父親年紀(jì)小。My_ _ _than my _.12.她的毛衣和我的一樣重。_sweater_ as_as_.代詞回顧專練：一、人稱代詞與物主代詞的用法1. Your friend is from England, but _ is from America.A. my B. her C. his D

21、. our2. I cant find my ruler. Can you lend me _?Sorry, Im using it myself.A. you B. your C. yours D. yourself3. Deborah always helps my brother and _ with _ English.A. I; our B. me; ourselves C. I; my D. me; our4. The two little pandas are crying. _ cannot find_ mother.A. She; her B. They; them C. T

22、hey; their D. They; her二、反身代詞的用法1. My brother has taught _ English since 2001.A. oneself B. Itself C. himself D. herself三、指示代詞的用法1 Todays libraries differ greatly from_ .A. the past B those of the past C that are past D those past四、不定代詞的區(qū)別1. We were all asleep a moment ago. _ of us heard the sound.A. Both B. All C. Neither D. None2. Which magazine can I take?Oh, you can take _ of them. Ill keep none.A. both B. either C. Any D. all3. I didnt know which book was better, so I took the