高三英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法情態(tài)動(dòng)詞(課件)

1、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞情態(tài)動(dòng)詞The basic uses of Modal Verbs 6、dare 7、need 8、ought to 二、補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明二、補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明三三:情態(tài)動(dòng)詞用情態(tài)動(dòng)詞用于推測(cè)于推測(cè)四四:情態(tài)動(dòng)詞情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+have done 的的用法用法 一一:基本用法基本用法 1、can / could 2、may / might 3、must 4、shall / should 5、will / would 可兼做行為動(dòng)詞的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞：可兼做行為動(dòng)詞的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞：need 、 dare 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 (+動(dòng)詞原形)行為動(dòng)詞 .needdare 1.1.無(wú)人稱和數(shù)的變化無(wú)人稱和數(shù)的變化; 2.2.尤其用于：尤其

2、用于：* *否定句及疑問(wèn)句中否定句及疑問(wèn)句中; ;* *在在if/whetherif/whether之后之后; ;* *或與或與hardlyhardly, , nevernever, , no oneno one, , nobodynobody連用連用; ; 3. 3.常以常以needntneednt 和和darentdarent 的形式出現(xiàn)的形式出現(xiàn); ;4.dare4.dare有其過(guò)去時(shí)有其過(guò)去時(shí)dareddared. . 多用于肯定句多用于肯定句; (sb.) need to do dare to do(sth.) need to be done (sth.) need doing 一、

3、1. can 1.表示能力 The parrot can speak three languages.2.表示允許 Can I borrow the book from the library.3.表示可能性 Shanghai can be very cold in March.could 為can的過(guò)去式；語(yǔ)氣更委婉2. can 與 be able to1.can 表示習(xí)慣能力，表示習(xí)慣能力， 而而be able to表示經(jīng)過(guò)努力而做成了某事。表示經(jīng)過(guò)努力而做成了某事。2. 在否定結(jié)構(gòu)中，二者可以互換。在否定結(jié)構(gòu)中，二者可以互換。3. can/could + have +p.p1.在否定、疑

4、問(wèn)句中表示在否定、疑問(wèn)句中表示“對(duì)過(guò)去發(fā)生行為對(duì)過(guò)去發(fā)生行為 的可能性猜測(cè)。的可能性猜測(cè)。2. 在肯定句中表示在肯定句中表示“本來(lái)可以做而未做本來(lái)可以做而未做”1. The door was lacked. She couldnt have been at home.2. You could have been more careful, but you were so careless.二、1. may 1.表示可能性2.表示允許3.表示祝愿might 為may的過(guò)去式；語(yǔ)氣更委婉2. may/might + have +p.p1.在否定、肯定句中表示對(duì)在否定、肯定句中表示對(duì)過(guò)去動(dòng)作的推測(cè)過(guò)

5、去動(dòng)作的推測(cè) “也許是也許是”2. might+have+p.p表示虛擬，表示虛擬，表表“勸告、責(zé)備之意。勸告、責(zé)備之意?！眅g. 1. She may be still waiting for us. 2. May I come in? 3.May you have a happy holiday.eg. 1. He might have spoken to her yesterday. 2. You might have told me earlier.三、1. must 1.表示肯定的猜測(cè)表示肯定的猜測(cè),但只用于肯定句，但只用于肯定句，2.而而mustnt 表示表示“禁止、不準(zhǔn)禁止、不準(zhǔn)

6、”2. must 、have to 與have got to1.Must表示主觀表示主觀2.Have to表示客觀需求表示客觀需求3.Have got to 多見(jiàn)于口語(yǔ)多見(jiàn)于口語(yǔ)3. must + have +p.p對(duì)過(guò)去事情的肯定猜測(cè)。對(duì)過(guò)去事情的肯定猜測(cè)。Eg. The road id wet. It must have rained last night.四、1、shall /should 1、第一、三人稱疑問(wèn)句中表示、第一、三人稱疑問(wèn)句中表示“請(qǐng)求請(qǐng)求 或征求對(duì)方意見(jiàn)。或征求對(duì)方意見(jiàn)。Eg. Shall I get you a cup of coffee?2、第二、三人稱陳述句中、第二

7、、三人稱陳述句中1、表示允諾、表示允諾“會(huì)（得到）。會(huì)（得到）。2、表示命令、表示命令/警告警告威脅威脅 “該回必須該回必須”2、shall/should + have +p.p ought to表示本應(yīng)該做而未做。表示本應(yīng)該做而未做。should 為shall的過(guò)去式 語(yǔ)氣更委婉eg. You should have been five minutes ago.五、1、will/ would 1、表示意愿、表示意愿 Ill try my best to overcome the difficulty.2、表示意圖、表示意圖What will you do?3、表示請(qǐng)示、表示請(qǐng)示 Will y

8、ou help me to put these books in order?4、表示習(xí)慣動(dòng)作、表示習(xí)慣動(dòng)作She will sit for hours without saying a word.2、could 與 used to 1、would 后只能接表示動(dòng)作的動(dòng)詞。后只能接表示動(dòng)作的動(dòng)詞。2、used to 則還可以接表示狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞。則還可以接表示狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞。eg. He used to be a worker.補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明1.、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式與原形相比，多點(diǎn)禮貌，少點(diǎn)冒昧，、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式與原形相比，多點(diǎn)禮貌，少點(diǎn)冒昧， 語(yǔ)氣更為委婉。語(yǔ)氣更為委婉。情態(tài)動(dòng)詞在一般疑問(wèn)句中的回

9、答：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞在一般疑問(wèn)句中的回答： Can you sing? May I come in? Must I hand in the book now? Need I finish it now?Yes, I can.No, I cant.Yes, you may.No, you mustnt.Yes, you must.No, neednt /dont have to.Yes, you must.No, you neednt.表示推測(cè)表示推測(cè)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的重要用法情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的重要用法. .肯定的推測(cè)肯定的推測(cè)可能的推測(cè)可能的推測(cè)否定的推測(cè)否定的推測(cè)疑問(wèn)的推測(cè)疑問(wèn)的推測(cè) must/should 對(duì)將來(lái)

10、對(duì)將來(lái) 對(duì)現(xiàn)在對(duì)現(xiàn)在 對(duì)過(guò)去對(duì)過(guò)去情態(tài)動(dòng)詞情態(tài)動(dòng)詞may, might cant, couldntcan, could + V. + V. + have done常見(jiàn)常見(jiàn)must be + be doing + V. + V. + have done + be doing 可以用可以用not表示表示“可能不可能不” +V. + V. + have done + be doing+ V. + V. + have done + be doingu Choose the best answers :1. I thought you_ like something to read. So I have

11、 brought you some books. A. ought B. might C. would D. must 2. That man must be Sarahs husband.-No, he_ be her husband. She is still single.A. cant B. mustnt C. may not D. ought to 3. Peter _come with us tonight, but he isnt very sure.A. must B. may C. can D. will 4. What_ it be?-It_ be a mail box,

12、for it is moving. It_ be a car.A. can; cant; must B. can; can; mustC. can; mustnt; must D. must; mustnt; can5. Look, someone is coming. Guess_ .-Jack. Hes always on time.A. who can it be B. who he mayC. who he can be D. who it can be6. I saw Mary in the library yesterday.-You_ her. She is still abro

13、ad.A. mustnt see B. cant have seen C. mustnt have seen D. couldnt see7. David, you _play with the valuable bottle, you_ break it.A. wont; cant B. mustnt; mayC. shouldnt; must D. cant; shouldnt 8. Susan refuses to marry Jack now. She _her mind.A. must change B. should have changedC. must have changed

14、 D. would have changed9. Sue_ come together with us tonight, but she isnt very sure yet.A. must B. may C. need D. will 10. Aunt Margaret_ the train, otherwise she would have arrived here by now.A. must have missed B. should have missedC. had missed D. might miss1. He mustnt be in the classroom. ( )c

15、ant2. You might leave the bag on the bed. ( )might have left3. You must have seen the film last week, havet you? ( )didnt you 4. Li Ming must have been to Japan, didnt he? ( )hasnt he 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+have+done” 表表“本來(lái)本來(lái)” 使用情形分析使用情形分析一、一、should have done過(guò)去本來(lái)應(yīng)該過(guò)去本來(lái)應(yīng)該 （而實(shí)際上并沒(méi)有（而實(shí)際上并沒(méi)有) should not have done 本不應(yīng)

16、該本不應(yīng)該 而實(shí)際上卻已而實(shí)際上卻已經(jīng)經(jīng)”如：如：1、We should have studied last night, but we went to the concert instead . 我們昨晚本應(yīng)學(xué)習(xí)的，但我們我們昨晚本應(yīng)學(xué)習(xí)的，但我們卻去看音樂(lè)會(huì)了。（實(shí)際上沒(méi)有學(xué)習(xí)）卻去看音樂(lè)會(huì)了。（實(shí)際上沒(méi)有學(xué)習(xí)）二、二、could have done它表示它表示過(guò)去本來(lái)能夠過(guò)去本來(lái)能夠 實(shí)際上沒(méi)能做實(shí)際上沒(méi)能做。如。如1、I could have run 100 metres in 12 seconds. 我本來(lái)能用我本來(lái)能用12秒鐘完秒鐘完100米的米的.（實(shí)際上沒(méi)能）（實(shí)際上沒(méi)能）2、

17、If you could have finished the task in time，you could have been promoted. 如果你當(dāng)時(shí)能如期完成那任務(wù)的話，你可能已如果你當(dāng)時(shí)能如期完成那任務(wù)的話，你可能已提升了（實(shí)際上沒(méi)有被提升）提升了（實(shí)際上沒(méi)有被提升）三、三、need not have done它表示過(guò)去已做的事，事實(shí)上沒(méi)有必要。如，它表示過(guò)去已做的事，事實(shí)上沒(méi)有必要。如，1、I need not have got up so early . 我本來(lái)不必要那么早起床的（我本來(lái)不必要那么早起床的（事實(shí)上早已起床事實(shí)上早已起床）2、I need not have wai

18、ted for the train for an hour. 我本來(lái)不必要等一個(gè)小時(shí)的火車。我本來(lái)不必要等一個(gè)小時(shí)的火車。（事實(shí)上已經(jīng)等了一個(gè)小時(shí)）（事實(shí)上已經(jīng)等了一個(gè)小時(shí)）問(wèn)題問(wèn)題: : would have donewould have done在什么情況下使用呢在什么情況下使用呢? ?四、四、would have done 用在虛擬語(yǔ)氣中用在虛擬語(yǔ)氣中 表示表示與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反之假設(shè)的結(jié)果與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反之假設(shè)的結(jié)果，常與，常與if 的條件的條件句連用。句連用。1、 I would have helped you if I had known of your difficulties . 要是我當(dāng)時(shí)知道你們的窘境，我就會(huì)幫要是我當(dāng)時(shí)知道你們的窘境，我就會(huì)幫助你了（而實(shí)際上沒(méi)有幫助你）助你了