四級(jí)翻譯輔導(dǎo)——耿

1、一、評(píng)分原則及標(biāo)準(zhǔn) 1. 整體內(nèi)容和語(yǔ)言均正確，得1分。 2. 結(jié)構(gòu)正確，但整體意思不確切、信息不全或用詞不當(dāng)，得0.5分。 3. 整體意思正確但語(yǔ)言有錯(cuò)誤，得0.5分。 4. 整體意思完全錯(cuò)誤，即使結(jié)構(gòu)正確也不得分。 5. 大小寫(xiě)錯(cuò)誤及標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)忽略不計(jì)。固定搭配： 50道題20個(gè)考固定搭配虛擬語(yǔ)氣： if, wish, as if ,as though , would rather, if only,建議命令要求，for fear that, lest, in case that, otherwise， without，it is time that 等從句比較級(jí)其他12.12 89. Wi

2、th the noise going on outside the classroom, I had great difficulty _(集中注意力復(fù)習(xí)功課) 89. in concentrating on reviewing lessons/ in focusing my attention on reviewing lessons. 測(cè)試點(diǎn)：集中精力 concentrate on / focus ones attention on 復(fù)習(xí) review 預(yù)習(xí)preview12.12 91. All the information you need to apply for you visa

3、 is _.(可以免費(fèi)獲取) 91. available for free. 測(cè)試點(diǎn)： 可獲得的available； 免費(fèi) for free/free of charge12.6 91.The famous novel is said to _(已經(jīng)被譯成多種語(yǔ)言). 91. have been translated into multiple languages 測(cè)試點(diǎn)：”把譯成” translateinto 被動(dòng)態(tài)，完成時(shí)態(tài)“已經(jīng)”11.12 87. Charity groups organized various activities to _(為地震幸存者籌款). 87. raise

4、money for the earthquake survivors /the survivors in the earthquake 測(cè)試點(diǎn)：籌集 raise 幸存者survivor 11.12 90. The publishing house has to _(考慮這部小說(shuō)的受歡迎程度). 90. take the popularity of the novel into account/consideration 或consider the popularity of the novel 測(cè) 試 點(diǎn) ： 考 慮 到 t a k e s t h . i n t o account/cons

5、ideration11.12 91. It is absolutely wrong to _(僅僅以金錢(qián)來(lái)定義幸福). 91. define （ones ）happiness only by money 測(cè)試點(diǎn)：以定義 defineby11.6 88. Jane is tired of dealing with customer complaints and wishes that she _ (能被分配做另一項(xiàng)工作). 88. could be assigned to another job/could be assigned to do another job 測(cè)試點(diǎn)：指定某人做 assi

6、gn sb. to sth. /assign sb. to do sth.11.6 89.John rescued the drowning child _ (冒著自己生命危險(xiǎn)). 89. at the risk of his own life 測(cè)試點(diǎn)：冒著危險(xiǎn) at the risk of (doing sth.)11.6 91.Although he was interested in philosophy, _ (他的父親說(shuō)服他) majoring in law. 91. his father persuaded/ talked him into 測(cè)試點(diǎn)：talk/ persuade s

7、b. into doing sth. 10.12 87._(為了確保他參加會(huì)議), I called him up in advance. 87. To ensure that he can attend the meeting 測(cè)試點(diǎn)：確保ensure ， 動(dòng)詞不定式表目的10.6 87. Because of the noise outside, Nancy had great difficulty _ (集中注意力在實(shí)驗(yàn)上). 87. (in) concentrating on the experiment/ focusing her attention on the experimen

8、t. 測(cè)試點(diǎn)：固定表達(dá)have difficulty in doing sth, 固定表達(dá)concentrate on /focus on 10.6 89. We look forward to _ (被邀請(qǐng)出席開(kāi)幕式). 89. being invited to attend the opening ceremony. 測(cè)試點(diǎn)：固定搭配 look forward to sth/doing sth10.6 91. The 16-year-old girl decided to travel abroad on her own despite _ (她父母的強(qiáng)烈反對(duì)). 91. the stro

9、ng opposition of her parents/ her parents strong opposition. 測(cè)試點(diǎn)：固定表達(dá) despite+ sth./ in spite of +sth.09.12 88. Despite the hardship he encountered, Mark never _(放棄對(duì)知識(shí)的追求). 88. gave up pursuing knowledge 測(cè)試點(diǎn)：固定表達(dá)“放棄” give up，“追求” pursue09.12 90. Production has to be increased considerably to _(與消費(fèi)者不

10、斷增長(zhǎng)的需求保持同步). 90. keep pace with the constantly increasing demands of consumers或keep up with the constantly growing needs of consumers 測(cè)試點(diǎn)： 固定短語(yǔ)“保持同步” Keep pace with09.06 87. Soon after he transferred to the new school, Ali found that he had _（很難跟上班里的同學(xué)）in math and English. 87. difficulty (in) catchi

11、ng up with his fellow classmates 測(cè)試點(diǎn)：固定搭配 have difficulty in doing sth 固定短語(yǔ)“跟上” catch up with09.06 91. The study shows that the poor functioning of the human body is_ （與缺乏鍛煉密切相關(guān)）. 91. closely related to the lack of exercise 測(cè)試點(diǎn)： 固定表達(dá)“與有關(guān)” be related to 缺乏 “l(fā)ack of ”08.12 90.Through the project, many

12、 people have received training and _(決定自己創(chuàng)業(yè))。 90. decided to start their own business 測(cè)試點(diǎn)：特殊表達(dá)“start/open ones own business”08.6 87. Our efforts will pay off if the results of this research_ .(能應(yīng)用于新技術(shù)的開(kāi)發(fā)) 87. can be applied to the development of the new technology. 測(cè)試點(diǎn)：固定短語(yǔ) be applied to1由 “ if ”引導(dǎo)的

13、虛擬句子 （1）與過(guò)去的事實(shí)相反：(If . + had done., . +would have done.) If you had worked hard, you would have passed the exam. 如果你用功學(xué)習(xí)，就會(huì)通過(guò)考試了。 （2）與現(xiàn)在的事實(shí)相反：(If . + were/did.,.+ would do.) If I were you, I would marry him. 如果我是你，就會(huì)嫁給他。 （3）與將來(lái)的事實(shí)可能相反：(If .+ were/did/were to do/should do 實(shí)現(xiàn)的可能性依次減弱.,.+ would do.) If

14、 you were to come tomorrow, you might see her. 要是你明天來(lái)的話，你或許會(huì)見(jiàn)到她。交叉虛擬 （4）. 當(dāng)條件狀語(yǔ)從句表示的行為和主句表示的行為所發(fā)生的時(shí)間不一致時(shí)，交叉就是把過(guò)去，現(xiàn)在，將來(lái)的任意兩個(gè)的主句從句混在一起。 If you had taken the doctors advice , you should feel better now . If you had worked hard, you would be very tired.if虛擬的省略 省略if，用“were, had, should+主句”。 Were I in sch

15、ool again, I would work harder. Had you been here earlier, you would have seen him. Were I to meet him tomorrow, I should ask him about it. 2.wish后賓語(yǔ)從句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣(if only，as if, as though, would rather 與wish同) 1）表過(guò)去用過(guò)去完成時(shí)； I wish I had seen the film last night. I wish I had been to the beach yesterday. W

16、e wish we had arrived there two hours earlier. 2）表現(xiàn)在或?qū)?lái)用一般過(guò)去時(shí) I wish I were still young. 現(xiàn)在 I wish you could go with us. 將來(lái)3用在表示要求、建議、命令等的名詞從句中從句謂語(yǔ)形式為：“.(should ) + do sth.”（在美語(yǔ)中should常省去）。 類(lèi)似用法的動(dòng)詞有： insist（堅(jiān)持），suggest（建議），order（命令），propose（建議），demand（要求），command （命令），advise（建議），desire（要求、請(qǐng)求），reques

17、t（請(qǐng)求），require（需要、要求），ask（要求），prefer（寧愿），recommend（推薦），arrange（安排），advocate（擁護(hù)、提倡），maintain（堅(jiān)決主張）等后面的賓語(yǔ)從句中。 The doctor ordered that she (should) stay in bed for a few days. We all agreed to his suggestion that we (should) go to Beijing for sightseeing 形容詞類(lèi)虛擬4.在“It + be + important (necessary, natural

18、, essential, strange, absurd, amazing, annoying, desirable, surprising, vital, advisable, anxious, compulsory, crucial, imperative, eager, fitting, possible, impossible, improper, obligatory, probable, preferable, strange, urgent等，以及insisted, suggested, ordered, requested, arranged, recommended等) +

19、that .”結(jié)構(gòu)中的that 引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句中。 It is essential that we should grasp a kind of language. It is necessary (important, natural, strange, etc) that we should clean the room every day.in case， lest, for fear that “以防，以免” 引導(dǎo)虛擬，形式 （should） do Take an umbrella with you in case it (should) rain. 帶著傘，以防下雨。 You mus

20、t wake him early lest he（should）be late for school 你務(wù)必早點(diǎn)叫醒他，以免他上學(xué)遲到。 She is now studying for fear that she（should）fail in English 她現(xiàn)在很勤奮，生怕英語(yǔ)不及格。 without，but for(要不是），要不是），or，otherwise 虛擬虛擬1. _ the storm，the ship would have reached its destination on time A) In spite of B) In case of C) But for D) B

21、ecause of答案：答案：C 。but for(要不是要不是)介詞短語(yǔ)后介詞短語(yǔ)后用虛擬語(yǔ)氣用虛擬語(yǔ)氣It is time that It is (high/about) time that “到了該做的時(shí)候了” 虛擬： should do 或過(guò)去時(shí) It is high time that he should pick up his child on the way home. It is about time you went to bed. may/might as well不妨 引導(dǎo)虛擬 should do Since you have to wait, you might as

22、well sit down and relax.12.12 88. Yesterday Jane left the meeting early. Otherwise, she _.(可能會(huì)說(shuō)一些后來(lái)懊悔的話) 88. would have probably said something she would later be regretful for /regret for 測(cè)試點(diǎn)： Otherwise引導(dǎo)虛擬 反過(guò)去12.6 87. Those flowers looked as if they_(好長(zhǎng)時(shí)間沒(méi)有澆水了). 87.hadnt been watered for a long ti

23、me 測(cè)試點(diǎn)：as if 與 wish同 反過(guò)去12.6 89. This TV program is quite boring. We might _(不妨聽(tīng)聽(tīng)音樂(lè)). 89. as well listen to the music 測(cè)試點(diǎn): may/might as well2011.6 88. Jane is tired of dealing with customer complaints and wishes that she _.(能被分配做另一項(xiàng)工作) 88. could be assigned to do another job 測(cè)試點(diǎn)：wish從句虛擬2010.12 89.

24、There would be no life on earth _(沒(méi)有地球獨(dú)特的環(huán)境). 89. without/but for its unique environment 測(cè)試點(diǎn)：without 介詞短語(yǔ)， 虛擬10.12 91. They requested that _(我借的書(shū)還回圖書(shū)館) by next Friday. 91. I return the book to the library 測(cè)試點(diǎn)：本題考查的是request后面加從句需使用虛擬語(yǔ)氣的用法。Request后的虛擬語(yǔ)氣是用should 加動(dòng)詞原形來(lái)表達(dá)的，should可以省略。10.6 90. It is sugg

25、ested that the air conditioner _ (要安裝在窗戶(hù)旁). 90. (should) be fixed/installed by the window 測(cè)試點(diǎn)：建議，命令，要求， 虛擬，（should） do09.12 87. You would not have failed if you _(按照我的指令去做). 87. had followed my instructions/orders 測(cè)試點(diǎn)： 虛擬語(yǔ)氣 if 條件從句09.6 88. If she had returned an hour earlier, Mary_ （就不會(huì)被大雨淋著了）. 88.

26、would not have been caught in the heavy rain 測(cè)試點(diǎn)： 虛擬語(yǔ)氣 if 條件從句08.12 89.Youd better take a sweater with you (以防天氣變冷) 89. in case it (should) turn cold. 測(cè)試點(diǎn)： in case 虛擬 （should） do1當(dāng)“only+狀語(yǔ)”位于句首表示強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)用部分倒裝。 Only when the rain stopped did I go home yesterday. 昨天，雨停了我才回家。 Only in this way can we catch u

27、p with the worlds advanced levels in science and technology. 只有這樣我們才能趕上世界的先進(jìn)科學(xué)技術(shù)水平。 Only then did he realize that he was wrong. 只有到了那時(shí)，他才意識(shí)到錯(cuò)了。 其他如：only once, only in AmericaChina, only after the accident等。2never等具有否定意義的詞或詞組居于句首時(shí)用部分倒裝。這類(lèi)詞或詞組常用的有：never，seldom，rarely，little，hardly，scarcely，by no means

28、，under no circumstances (決不) ，under no condition，in no way(決不) ，in no case(決不)，neither (nor)，no sooner (than)，hardly (when)，barely(僅僅，幾乎不)，on no account，nowhere， not onlybut also, not until 等。Eg, Never have I found him in such a good mood. 倒裝句型練習(xí)： 01. I went to the theatre last night. I havent seen

29、a better performance anywhere else. -Nowhere else have I seen a better performance. 02.Jimmy not only passed the exam but got good marks for all the courses he had taken. -Not only did Jimmy pass the exam, but he got good marks for all the courses he had taken. 03.Carol only managed to pass the exam

30、 through good luck. -Only through good luck did Carol manage to pass the exam. 04.I did not realize what trouble he was in until yesterday. -Not until yesterday did I realize what trouble he was in 05. we seldom have the opportunity of meeting such a famous writer. -Seldom do we have the opportunity

31、 of meeting such a famous writer. 06. He had scarcely got to the office when his boss wanted to see him. -Scarcely had he got to the office when his boss wanted to see him. so sothat 用于句首倒裝 So little did I know about him that I was easily taken in by his words. He worked so diligently that he got hi

32、gh scores on the final exam. So diligently did he work that he got high scores on the finalexam. 12.12 87. I finally got the job I dreamed about. Never before in my life _(我感到如此激動(dòng)) 87. had I felt so excited 測(cè)試點(diǎn)：倒裝11.6 87.The university authorities did not approve the regulation, _ (也沒(méi)有解釋為什么).87. nor

33、 did they explain why 測(cè)試點(diǎn)： nor 倒裝10.6 88. The manager never laughed; neither _ (她也從來(lái)沒(méi)有發(fā)過(guò)脾氣). 88. did she become angry/did she lose her temper before. 測(cè)試點(diǎn)：neither, nor 引導(dǎo)倒裝句型+固定表達(dá) lost ones temper08.12 91.The anti-virus agent was not known _(直到一名醫(yī)生偶然發(fā)現(xiàn)了它)。 91. until a doctor discovered/found it by ch

34、ance 測(cè)試點(diǎn)：not until 倒裝， “偶然”by accident/by chance08.6 91._(直到他完成使命)did he realize that he was seriously ill. 91. Not until he had finished his mission 測(cè)試點(diǎn): not until 倒裝， 時(shí)態(tài)各種從句 定語(yǔ)從句定語(yǔ)從句 主語(yǔ)從句主語(yǔ)從句 賓語(yǔ)從句賓語(yǔ)從句 表語(yǔ)從句表語(yǔ)從句 同位語(yǔ)從句同位語(yǔ)從句 狀語(yǔ)從句狀語(yǔ)從句 讓步狀語(yǔ)從句讓步狀語(yǔ)從句請(qǐng)判斷出下列的句子屬于哪種從句請(qǐng)判斷出下列的句子屬于哪種從句What I want to do is takin

35、g a bath.The news that they won the game spread the whole school.I dont think he is an honest boy.The fact is that he stole the car.Do you know the fact that he stole the car?Do you know the man who is standing over there?It is said that they won the game.( (主從主從) )( (同位語(yǔ)從句同位語(yǔ)從句) )( (賓從賓從) )( (表從表從)

36、 )( (同位語(yǔ)從句同位語(yǔ)從句) )( (定從定從) )( (主從主從) )定語(yǔ)從句The boy who is wearing glasses is Harry Porter .The girl (whom) I met is Lucy. I know the girl whose mother is a teacher.I like the book (which / that ) you bought yesterday. This is the boy with whom he talked. This is the ring on which she spent 1000 dolla

37、rs. 定語(yǔ)從句 I still remember the day when I first came here. This is the house where we lived last year. There are several reasons why we cant do that.同位語(yǔ)從句e.g. The idea that they should try a second time is worth considering. that(不能省)同位語(yǔ)從句和定語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別：同位語(yǔ)從句和定語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別： Do you know the fact that they were ta

38、lking about?Do you know the fact that he stole the car? 注意： 1. 如果是定語(yǔ)從句，它的從句肯定是不完整的，that充當(dāng)句子成分，在從句中作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可以省略； 2. 同位語(yǔ)從句中that沒(méi)有實(shí)際意義，不充當(dāng)句子成分，一般不能省略。 主語(yǔ)從句 That the earth is round is known to us all. What we need is more time. What he wants are these books. Whatever is worth doing is worth doing well. Who

39、made the long distance call to him is not important. Whoever breaks the law will be punished. 賓語(yǔ)從句 She did not know what had happened. Our success depends upon how well we can cooperate with one another. He told me that he had finished his job.時(shí)態(tài)呼應(yīng) I find it impossible that he can finish the work in

40、 two days.doubt I doubt whether/if he will come soon. I do not doubt that he will come soon. Do you doubt that he will come soon?陳述語(yǔ)序 They want to know _ do to help us. A. what can they B. what they can C. how they can D. how can theyreason后表語(yǔ)從句用that The reason why he was late was that he missed the

41、 train by one minute this morning . 時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句When, while, as, before, notuntil, immediately, the moment, as soon as, no sooner than, hardlywhen2.地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句Where，wherever3.原因狀語(yǔ)從句原因狀語(yǔ)從句Because， since, as， now that, in that, seeing that4.結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句So that, so that, such that, so 狀語(yǔ)從句 狀語(yǔ)從句 5.目的狀語(yǔ)

42、從句目的狀語(yǔ)從句In order that, so that , for fear that, in case, lest6. 6. 條件狀語(yǔ)從句條件狀語(yǔ)從句If, unless, as long as, provided that, on condition that, suppose that7. 7. 比較狀語(yǔ)從句比較狀語(yǔ)從句 asas, than, the morethe more 倍數(shù)倍數(shù)+比較級(jí)比較級(jí)+ than / 倍數(shù)倍數(shù)+ asas 8. 讓步狀語(yǔ)從句讓步狀語(yǔ)從句1. although, though, as, while Well try to finish the wor

43、k in time although / though / while we are short of manpower. Try as / though he might , he couldnt lift the box. Little child as / though he is, he knows a lot. 8. 讓步狀語(yǔ)從句讓步狀語(yǔ)從句2. even if , even though Ill get there even if / even though I have to sell my house to get enough money to go by air. 8. 讓

44、步狀語(yǔ)從句讓步狀語(yǔ)從句 3. no matter + what/ who/ when/ where/how =what/ who/ when/ where/ how + ever Dont trust him no matter what / whatever he says. No matter how hard / however hard the work is, youd better try to do it well. 8. 讓步狀語(yǔ)從句讓步狀語(yǔ)從句4. whetheror; whether (or not) Well carry on the work whether we ca

45、n get the machine we need ( or not ). Hell come on time whether he walks or takes a bus.2012.6 88. Fred bought a car last week. It is _(比我的車(chē)便宜一千英鎊). 88. 1000 pounds cheaper than mine 測(cè)試點(diǎn)：倍數(shù)+比較級(jí)10.12 90. _(給游客印象最深的) was the friendliness and warmth of the local people. 90. What impressed the tourists

46、most 測(cè)試點(diǎn)： 主語(yǔ)從句 09.12 89. Scientists agree that it will be a long time _(我們找到治愈癌癥的方法). 89. before we find the cure for cancer / before we find the methods of curing cancer 測(cè)試點(diǎn): before 引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，之后，才 09.12 91. The more exercise you take,_(你越不大可能得感冒). 91. the less likely you are to catch a cold the fewer

47、chances you will have of catching a cold09.6 90. _（很多人沒(méi)有意識(shí)到的）is that Simon is a lover of sports, and football in particular. 90. What many people do not realize /What many people are not aware of 測(cè)試點(diǎn)： what 引導(dǎo)名詞性從句 09.6 89. It is said that those who are stressed or working overtime are _(更有可能增加體重). 8

48、9. more likely to put on/ gain weight 測(cè)試點(diǎn)：比較級(jí) 有可能 be likely to do sth.08.12 87.Medical researchers are painfully aware that there are many problems_(他們至今還沒(méi)有答案) 87. (which/that) they havent found answers/solutions to so far/till now 測(cè)試點(diǎn)：定語(yǔ)從句08.12 88._(大多數(shù)父母所關(guān)心的)is providing the best education possibl

49、e for their children. 88. what most parents are concerned about 測(cè)試點(diǎn)：what引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句， be concerned about關(guān)心 be concerned with 與有關(guān) 08.6 89. Leaving ones job, _,(不管是什么工作), is a difficult change even for those who look forward to retiring. 89. whatever job it is/ no matter what job it is 測(cè)試點(diǎn)：讓步狀語(yǔ)從句 no matter

50、what /whatever08.6 90. _ (與我成長(zhǎng)的地方相比), this town is more prosperous and exciting. 90. Compared with the place where I grew up 測(cè)試點(diǎn)：比較狀語(yǔ) 其他12.12 90. This is the first time I _(聽(tīng)到他們用法語(yǔ)交流) 90. have heard them communicating in French 測(cè)試點(diǎn)：時(shí)態(tài)：This is the first time that+現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu) 1）n/pron+分詞 eg.he lay on his back, his hands crossed under his head. The question being settled, we went home. 2) n/pron+adj. Eg. He entered the room, his nose red with cold.獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu) 3) n/pron+不定式 Eg. Here is her first book, the second one to come out next month. 4) n/pron+