高中必修1 定語從句完整課件

1、Teacher-Yang Min1. The girl _ is sitting in the chair is a good singer.2. The skirt _ Mary bought two years ago is old.3. Is this the novel _ you introduced to me?4. Where is the boy _ broke the window?5. Luckily none of the people_I know were killed in the earthquake.who/thatwhich/thatthat/whichwho

2、/thatwho/whom Attributive Clause（定語從句）（定語從句） 概念概念 在復(fù)合句中，修飾某一名詞或代詞的從句在復(fù)合句中，修飾某一名詞或代詞的從句叫做定語從句叫做定語從句.被修飾的名詞或代詞叫被修飾的名詞或代詞叫先行詞先行詞。He is an English teacher who likes singing songs.定語從句先行詞引導(dǎo)詞引導(dǎo)詞關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系代詞 :whowhomthatwhichwhose關(guān)系副詞關(guān)系副詞:wherewhenwhy注意：注意： 1 1 關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞在定語從句中都要關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞在定語從句中都要 充當(dāng)充當(dāng)句子成分句子成分。

3、2 2 當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞充當(dāng)動(dòng)詞的當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞充當(dāng)動(dòng)詞的賓語賓語時(shí)可省略，當(dāng)關(guān)時(shí)可省略，當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞充當(dāng)介詞的賓語且介詞不在關(guān)系代詞之前系代詞充當(dāng)介詞的賓語且介詞不在關(guān)系代詞之前的，關(guān)系代詞也可省略。的，關(guān)系代詞也可省略。 3 3 定語從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞要和先行詞保持一致。定語從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞要和先行詞保持一致。 4 4 定語從句分為限制性和非限制性兩種。定語從句分為限制性和非限制性兩種。 5 5 非限制性定語從句中的關(guān)系詞不可以省略。非限制性定語從句中的關(guān)系詞不可以省略。關(guān)系詞先行詞所指關(guān)系詞在句中作用關(guān)系代詞that人/物主、賓、表which物主、賓、who人主、賓whom人賓whose人/物定as人

4、/物/事情主、賓、表關(guān)系副詞when時(shí)間時(shí)間狀語where地點(diǎn)地點(diǎn)狀語why原因原因狀語 關(guān)系詞的作用：關(guān)系詞的作用： 1 1、連接作用、連接作用 把主句和從句連接起來把主句和從句連接起來 2、替代作用、替代作用 在從句中代替在它前面在從句中代替在它前面 的先行詞的先行詞 3、成分作用、成分作用 在從句中充當(dāng)一個(gè)成分在從句中充當(dāng)一個(gè)成分例例 1. The man _ gave you the talk yesterday is our teacher.that/who指人: that/who (主語)例2: The boy_ the nurse is looking after is my f

5、riend.(who/whom/that)指人: who/whom/that(賓語,可省略)例3: The car_ is red was damaged yesterday.that/which指物: that/which (主語)例4: The question_ I dont understand is about grammar.(that/which)指物: that/which (賓語,可省略)Titanic is the ship _sank after hitting an iceberg.which/that_Zhang Guorong isa pop star_ diedi

6、n the fall in March,2003. who/thatBeijing is the city has got the chance to host the 2008 Olympic Games._the city/ get the chance to host the 2008 Olympic Gameswhich /thatYe Xin is a nurse died in the fight against SARS. a nurse/ die in the fight against SARSwho/that Which woman is a teacher? The wo

7、man who lives next door is a teacher.1 The woman is a teacher.2 The woman lives next door. The boys are from Grade one. The boys are playing basketball. The boys are from Grade One.who/that are playing basketballThe boys who/that are from Grade one are playing basketball.2. The nurse is kind. The nu

8、rse looks after my sister. The nurse is kind.who/that looks after my sister3. We watched the play “ Teahouse”. The play was written by Lao She.We watched the play “teahouse” which/that was written by Lao She.4.The young man is a famous writer. You saw the young man yesterday. The young man is a famo

9、us writer. whom/who/that you saw yesterday5.This is the house. Lu Xun once lived in the house. This is the house which/that Lu Xun once lived in.6. Where is the girl? You talked with her last Sunday.Where is the girl who/whom/that you talked with last Sunday? 關(guān)系代詞的用法：關(guān)系代詞的用法：一、由一、由who, whom, whose引導(dǎo)

10、的定語從句。引導(dǎo)的定語從句。who用作主語，用作主語，whom用作賓語，用作賓語，whose用作定語。用作定語。whose + n. = the + n.+ of + whom / which This is the man who helped me. The doctor whom you are looking for is in the Room2E Do you know the man whose name is Wang Yu? Do you know the man the name of whom is Wang Yu ? Mary lives in the house wh

11、ose roof is red. Mary lives in the house the roof of which is red.Which house is mineWhich house is mine? ?房頂是棕色的房子是我的。The house is mine.whose roof is brownMy houseI know the doctor.His daughter studies abroad.I know the doctor whose daughter studies abroad.Have you seen my book?The books cover is r

12、ed.Have you seen my book whose cover is red.1. The student _father works in the factory is sitting there.2. I like the rooms _windows face south.3.This is the desk _legs were broken. whosewhosewhoseYesterday she talked with one woman _ husband died in that accident. A. which B. whose C. of which D.

13、thatB二、二、WhichWhich引導(dǎo)的定語從句。引導(dǎo)的定語從句。whichwhich在從句做在從句做主語主語或謂語動(dòng)詞和介詞的或謂語動(dòng)詞和介詞的賓語賓語。 The building which stands near the river is our school. This is the book (which) you want. The room in which there is a machine is a workshop. 注意：注意： whom, which 作介詞賓語時(shí)，介詞一般可放作介詞賓語時(shí)，介詞一般可放在關(guān)系代詞之前，也可放在原來的位置上；但是在關(guān)系代詞之前，也可

14、放在原來的位置上；但是在含有在含有介詞的動(dòng)詞固定詞組介詞的動(dòng)詞固定詞組中，介詞只能放在原中，介詞只能放在原來的位置上。來的位置上。 This is the person whom you are looking for. which引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句。引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句。 I have lost my pen, which I like very much. She was awarded a gold medal, which the whole family considered a great honor. She is always late for class, which

15、makes the teacher angry.三、由三、由thatthat引導(dǎo)的定語從句。引導(dǎo)的定語從句。that在從句中可以指在從句中可以指人或物人或物，在從句中做主語或謂語動(dòng)詞，在從句中做主語或謂語動(dòng)詞的賓語。的賓語。A plane is a machine that can fly. (主語主語)The letter that I received was from my father.（賓語）（賓語）但不能放在介詞后面作介詞的賓語。但不能放在介詞后面作介詞的賓語。This is the school in that you will study. ( )This is the sch

16、ool in which you will study. ()This is the school (which/that) you will study in. ()注意注意 在下面幾種情況下必須用在下面幾種情況下必須用that引導(dǎo)定語從句。引導(dǎo)定語從句。 先行詞是不定代詞先行詞是不定代詞all, few, little, much, something, all, few, little, much, something, nothing, anything nothing, anything 等。等。 All that we have to do is to practise every

17、 day. Something that we heard was of great truth. 當(dāng)先行詞是當(dāng)先行詞是all, everybody, nobody, anybody等不定等不定代詞時(shí)，如關(guān)系代詞在從句中當(dāng)主語，則優(yōu)先選用代詞時(shí)，如關(guān)系代詞在從句中當(dāng)主語，則優(yōu)先選用who連接主從句。連接主從句。 Anybody who refused to bow was thrown into prison without trial. Everybody who were willing to see the film signed their names here. 先行詞被序數(shù)詞、先行

18、詞被序數(shù)詞、the last或形容詞的最高級或形容詞的最高級所修飾。所修飾。 The first thing that I learned will never be forgotten. This is the most interesting film that I have ever seen. 先行詞被先行詞被all, any, every, each, few, little, no, some等修飾。等修飾。 I have read all the books that you gave me. 先行詞被先行詞被the only, the very 修飾。修飾。 This is t

19、he very pen that I am looking for. He is the only person that I want to talk to. 先行詞既有人又有物時(shí)。先行詞既有人又有物時(shí)。 They talked of things and persons that they remembered. 當(dāng)句中已有當(dāng)句中已有who who 或或whichwhich時(shí)，為避免重復(fù)。時(shí)，為避免重復(fù)。Who is the man that is talking to John? 如有兩個(gè)定語從句，其中一個(gè)已經(jīng)用了如有兩個(gè)定語從句，其中一個(gè)已經(jīng)用了whichwhich，則另一個(gè)用，則另一

20、個(gè)用that.that.Edison built a factory which produced things that had never been seen.6. 當(dāng)先行詞為當(dāng)先行詞為way時(shí)，定語從句的關(guān)系詞時(shí)，定語從句的關(guān)系詞可以有三種情況可以有三種情況: that, in which 或不填?；虿惶睢?I dont like the way you talked to your mother.（choose the one that is not proper for this blank） A. that B. which C. in which D. /B7. 7. 在在 It

21、s time Its time 句型中，后面的從句也可以看成是定語從句型中，后面的從句也可以看成是定語從句，通常有下面幾種句型。句，通常有下面幾種句型。 It is (high / about) time that 主語主語 + 謂語（謂語（should +v ）/ 過去式過去式 It is 序數(shù)詞序數(shù)詞 time that 主語主語 + 謂語謂語 (現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)) ( ) It is high time that I _to do the physics homework.A. go B. wentC. shall go D. have gone ( ) It is the firs

22、t time _ he has been here.A. thatB. whenC. at whichD. whichBA8one of + 復(fù)數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)名詞+who/which/that +復(fù)數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)謂語謂語 the (only) one of + 復(fù)數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)名詞+ who/which/that +單數(shù)單數(shù)謂語謂語She is one of the students who _ praised at the meeting yesterday. A. was B. were C. isD. areHe is the only one of the students who _a winner

23、 of scholarship for three years. A. is B. areC. have beenD. has beenBD四、四、as引導(dǎo)的定語從句引導(dǎo)的定語從句: as用作關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)限制性定語用作關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)限制性定語從句，并在從句中做主語、表語和狀語，構(gòu)成從句，并在從句中做主語、表語和狀語，構(gòu)成the same as, such as等結(jié)構(gòu)。等結(jié)構(gòu)。 I want to have such a dictionary as he has. I shall do it in the same way as you did. I like the same

24、 book as you do. as引導(dǎo)非限制性定語。在從句中做主語、表語或賓引導(dǎo)非限制性定語。在從句中做主語、表語或賓語，這個(gè)定語從句說明整個(gè)句子，可以放在主句之前、語，這個(gè)定語從句說明整個(gè)句子，可以放在主句之前、之中和之后。之中和之后。 The experiment is very important, as indeed it is. As is known to all, he studies very hard. As we all know, China is a developing country.常用于這種類似插入語的句式有常用于這種類似插入語的句式有as is said

25、above, as is already mentioned above, as is known to all, as it is, as is often the case, as is reported in the newspaper注意：注意：which 和和 as 的區(qū)別是：的區(qū)別是：which不能放在句首，而不能放在句首，而as則可以；則可以；在句中時(shí)，在句中時(shí)，as有有“正如正如”、“就像就像”之意，之意，而而which 沒有。沒有。 從句的結(jié)構(gòu)為從句的結(jié)構(gòu)為“主語主語+謂語謂語+賓語賓語”時(shí)，時(shí)，as只可以作賓語，不可只可以作賓語，不可以做主語，而以做主語，而which 都可

26、以。都可以。鞏固練習(xí)：鞏固練習(xí)： Finally the thief handed everything _ he had stolen to the police. Which B. whatC. whatever D. that2. He told me all _ he knew. whichB. whatC. that D. how3. He was very rude to the Customs officer, _ of course made things even worse.1. who B. whomC. whatD. which4. Is the river _ thr

27、ough that town very large? which flowsB. flows C. that flowingD. whose flows5. The most important thing_ we should pay attention to is the first thing _I have said. A. which; that B. that; which C. which; which D. that; that 6. The songs _ she sang in the concert yesterday sounded _A. /, beautifully

28、B. that ,wonderfullyC. which , wellD./, nice7. The result of the experiment was very good, _we hadnt expected.A. when B. that C. whichD. what8. You may keep any _ you find Athat Bwhich Cwhat Dwhom9. In the dark street, there wasnt a single person_ she could turn for help. to whom B. whoC. from whomD

29、. that10. The Great Wall is the last place _Mr. smith is going to visit before he leaves Beijing.A. whereB. which C. / D. what11.They study in a small classroom _ floor is broken Awhose Bwhich Cwhere Dthat12. Next Sunday is the only day _ he can spare to join us Athat Bwhich Cwhen Don which13. He is

30、nt the man _ he used to be Athat Bwhom Cwho Dwhich14. Please pass me the dictionary _ cover is black Awhich Bwhich of Cits Dwhose15.Through practice we can learn a lot _ can not_ from books Awhich；be learned Bthat；learn Cwhich；learn Dthat；be learned下列每句均有一處錯(cuò)誤，請找出并改正。下列每句均有一處錯(cuò)誤，請找出并改正。 1They talked f

31、or half an hour of the things and persons who they would deal with a few days later 2Who is the man who was praised at the meeting？ 3Is this the farm where you visited the other day？ 4Is this factory which you visited last week？ 5I want to buy the same dictionary that you have _that_that_that_as4Is

32、this factory which you visited last week？This is factory which you visited last week.This factory is which you visited last week.This is the factory which you visited last week.Is this the factory which you visited last week?This factory is the one which you visited last week.Is this factory the one

33、 which you visited last week?關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句：關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句：1、由where引導(dǎo)的定語從句。定語從句在修飾一個(gè)表示地點(diǎn)地點(diǎn)的名詞時(shí),常用where引導(dǎo)。A book office is a place where tickets are sold.Where 在從句中做狀語，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)介詞短語。在本句中相當(dāng)于in which，所以此句可以改為：A book office is a place in which tickets are sold.因此定語從句中關(guān)系副詞where= 介詞介詞 +which .This is the house wher

34、e he lives.= This is the house _he lives.= This is the house _he lives in.in which(which/that)2、定語從句在修飾一個(gè)表示時(shí)間時(shí)間的名詞時(shí)，常用when 引導(dǎo)。I still remember the year when we studied together.When在從句中時(shí)間狀語，其作用相當(dāng)于一個(gè)“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”I still remember the year (which/that) we studied in together.I still remember the year in wh

35、ich we studied together.3、由、由why引導(dǎo)的定語從句。引導(dǎo)的定語從句。關(guān)系副詞why 的先行詞只有reason , 在從句中表示原因狀語。Do you know the reason why I left early?Why 在從句中作原因狀語，其作用相當(dāng)于for which .Do you know the reason _I left early?但如果關(guān)系詞在從句中不是作狀語，而是作賓語時(shí)仍用that/which .The reason _ he gave us was unacceptable.for whichthat/which關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞的選用。關(guān)

36、系代詞和關(guān)系副詞的選用。在定語從句中到底選用關(guān)系代詞還是關(guān)系副詞要看在定語從句中到底選用關(guān)系代詞還是關(guān)系副詞要看它們在從句中所充當(dāng)?shù)木渥映煞謥頉Q定，有時(shí)同一它們在從句中所充當(dāng)?shù)木渥映煞謥頉Q定，有時(shí)同一個(gè)先行詞往往關(guān)系詞卻不同。個(gè)先行詞往往關(guān)系詞卻不同。1.This is the factory which / that produces TV sets. This is the factory where my father once worked. (in which)2.Ill never forget the day that / which we spent together in t

37、he countryside. Ill never forget the day when his house was broken into. (on which) 3. Is this the reason that / which he told you? Is this the reason why he was late for class? (for which)介詞介詞+關(guān)系詞引導(dǎo)定語從句關(guān)系詞引導(dǎo)定語從句介詞+關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句多用于正式文體中，這樣的關(guān)系代詞主要是which, whom , whose .This is the house in which my gran

38、dfather once lived .The film of which Im speaking is to be shown next week .This is the man from whom I learn the news.注意：注意： 這類句子中的介詞也可以放在從句的末尾，這時(shí)這類句子中的介詞也可以放在從句的末尾，這時(shí)關(guān)系代詞可省略。關(guān)系代詞可省略。 This is the person (whom) you are going to work with .如何選用結(jié)構(gòu)中的介詞根據(jù)從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞的搭配on which I spent five Yuan .for which I paid five Yuan This is the book from which I learnt a lotin which there are few new