大英虛擬語氣學(xué)習(xí)

1、虛虛 擬擬 語語 氣氣 主講：主講： 王松昌王松昌虛擬語氣虛擬語氣 表示動作或狀態(tài)不是客觀存在的事實，表示動作或狀態(tài)不是客觀存在的事實，而是說話人的主觀愿望，假設(shè)或推測等而是說話人的主觀愿望，假設(shè)或推測等。eg. If I were you, I should study English. I wish you could go with me. May you succeed! 1 用于用于條件條件從句從句2用于用于主語主語從句從句3用于用于賓語賓語從句從句4用于用于狀語狀語從句從句5用于用于定語定語從句從句6用于用于簡單句簡單句wish, suggest,orderIt is/was+ 形

2、容詞形容詞thatIfas if, as though 動詞形動詞形式式時間時間從句從句主句主句與現(xiàn)在事實相反與現(xiàn)在事實相反動詞過去式（動詞過去式（be的的過去式一般用過去式一般用were）would should + 動詞原形動詞原形could might 與過去事實相反與過去事實相反had +過去分詞過去分詞would should have+過去分詞過去分詞could might與將來事實與將來事實可能相反可能相反動詞過去式動詞過去式/should +動詞原形動詞原形were to動詞原動詞原形形would should +動詞原形動詞原形could might基本用法基本用法 If p

3、laces _ alike, there would be little need for geographers. A. being B. are C. be D. were If we _ (know) that the books were available, we would have bought them yesterday.had known有時可以把含有助動詞，情態(tài)動詞，有時可以把含有助動詞，情態(tài)動詞，be或或have的虛擬條件句省去，而將的虛擬條件句省去，而將had, should, were等詞提到主語之前，即倒裝。等詞提到主語之前，即倒裝。If I were you ,

4、 I would go with him.=Were I you, I would go with him.If I had known the news, I would have told you about that .=Had I known the news, I would have told you about that. 倒裝用法倒裝用法 Had he worked harder, he _ the final examinations. A. must have got through B. would have got through C. would get throug

5、h D. could get through _ tomorrow morning, she would reach Beijing by this Sunday. A. Would she leave B. if she will leave C. Had she left D. Were she to leave主從句的動作發(fā)生時間不一致的情況。主從句的動作發(fā)生時間不一致的情況。有時條件從句中的動作和主句中的動作發(fā)有時條件從句中的動作和主句中的動作發(fā)生的時間不一致，這時動詞的形式要根據(jù)它生的時間不一致，這時動詞的形式要根據(jù)它所表示的時間加以調(diào)整。所表示的時間加以調(diào)整。 eg. If you

6、 had listened to the doctor,you would be all right now.If you had practiced speaking English more, you would be able to speak it fluently. (從句動作指過去，主句動作指現(xiàn)在）從句動作指過去，主句動作指現(xiàn)在） I could have called you yesterday, but I _ you telephone number. A. didnt have B. wont have C. hadnt have D. wouldnt have Peter

7、 _ the drivers test, but he wasnt calm enough in the last ten minutes. A. might have passed B. must have passed C. will passed D. ought to have passed“It is important （strange/natural/necessary/ vital /necessary/ important/ urgent/ imperative/ natural/ essential/ desirable/ ） that ( should )+V.原形原形”

8、 ，表示某事，表示某事“重要重要”，“奇怪奇怪”，“自然自然”，“必要必要”等意義。等意義。eg. It is important that every member (should) inform himself of these rules.It is necessary that he (should) be sent there at once.It is decided (has been decided) that the meeting (should)be postponed till tomorrow.用于主語從句中用于主語從句中 It is necessary that h

9、e _ (take) a good rest after working for a long time. It was ridiculous that he _ that way yesterday. A. behaved B. should behave C.shall behave D. would behave(should) take用于賓語從句用于賓語從句I wish從句結(jié)構(gòu)從句結(jié)構(gòu)Example與現(xiàn)在事實相反與現(xiàn)在事實相反一般過去式一般過去式I wish it were autumn now.與過去事實相反與過去事實相反過去完成式過去完成式He wishes(wished) he

10、 had not lost the chance.與將來事實相反與將來事實相反Would+V.原形原形I wish you would come soon. I wish I _ longer this morning, but I had to get up and come to class. A. could have slept B. had slept C. might have slept D. have slept How he wished that he _ the concert! A. went to B. had gone to C.should have gone t

11、o D. would go to 在表示建議，要求，命令的詞在表示建議，要求，命令的詞 “suggest,demand,order,propose,insist,command,request,desire” 后的賓語從句中：后的賓語從句中： “(should) +動詞原形動詞原形” eg. I suggest that we (should) set off at once. I demanded that he (should) answer me immediately. The doctor recommended that he _ for a few days. A. rests

12、B. rest C.rested D. will rest The doctor required that every member in his department _ (refer) to his report.(should) refer We are in favor of your proposal that the meeting _. A. should be put off B. was put off C. should put off D. is to put off His recommendation was that an experienced sales ma

13、nager _ to the branch company in Shanghai to take charge of the marketing there. A. was sent B. send C. be sent D. would be sent用于狀語從句用于狀語從句1. even if /even though 主句和從句都用虛擬語氣，動詞形式與含有主句和從句都用虛擬語氣，動詞形式與含有非真實條件句的虛擬語氣相同。非真實條件句的虛擬語氣相同。eg. Even if Lin Tao were here,I should say the same thing. Even though

14、 he had been ill, he would have gone to his office.2.Though/althoughThough/Although he was Spanish, he spent most of his life in Germany. Well leave as arranged though it might rain tomorrow. ( 不用不用although) 指某種假設(shè)，只用指某種假設(shè)，只用though, 不用不用although. 3. As if/ as though從句的謂語形式為動詞過去式從句的謂語形式為動詞過去式 （be用用wer

15、e）或或“had+過去分詞過去分詞”eg. He treats me as if I were a stranger. She talked about the film as if she had really seen it. It looks as though it is going to rain.表示的事情可能會發(fā)生，謂語動詞可用陳表示的事情可能會發(fā)生，謂語動詞可用陳述語氣。述語氣。 5. lest, for fear that, in case “以防，以免以防，以免” She emphasized it again and again, lest he (should) for

16、get. Lest從句用虛擬語氣，從句用虛擬語氣，(should)+V. 原形原形 For fear that, in case 既可用虛擬，也可既可用虛擬，也可用陳述語氣。用陳述語氣。 Take an umbrella with you in case it rains.用于定語從句用于定語從句1. “It is （ about/high) time(that)”,動詞形式動詞形式用過去式或用過去式或“should+動詞原形動詞原形”, 意為意為“(早）早）該做什么的時候了該做什么的時候了”. Its time we went to school. Its high time we did

17、our homework.2. Would rather, would sooner (寧愿），寧愿）， would just as soon (寧愿）后，寧愿）后，謂語用謂語用 一般過去時：一般過去時： 表示現(xiàn)在或?qū)硖摂M表示現(xiàn)在或?qū)硖摂M 過去完成時：表示過去虛擬過去完成時：表示過去虛擬用于簡單句用于簡單句常用有常用有2種形式，都表示祝愿：種形式，都表示祝愿：1Long live “萬歲萬歲”Long live the people!2May 用在句子開頭用在句子開頭May you be happy.May good luck be yours.May you do even better

18、.虛擬條件句可以轉(zhuǎn)化的形式。虛擬條件句可以轉(zhuǎn)化的形式。1.省略連詞省略連詞if 在書面語中，如果虛擬條件從句中有在書面語中，如果虛擬條件從句中有were，had 或或should，可以省略，可以省略if，把這，把這幾個詞放到主語之前，構(gòu)成主謂倒裝。幾個詞放到主語之前，構(gòu)成主謂倒裝。 eg. Had he been more careful (If he had been more careful), such mistakes could have been avoided.2.用介詞短語代替條件狀語從句用介詞短語代替條件狀語從句Without, but for (要不是）要不是）, othe

19、rwise, but that, except for, only, but, or eg. Without air(If there were no air), there would be no living things. 與現(xiàn)在事實相反與現(xiàn)在事實相反 But for your help(If it had not been for your help)I could not have done it. 與過去事實相反與過去事實相反 Without water and air, there _living things on the earth. A. be B. were no C. were to be D. was You _ your work ahead of time without their help. A. havent completed B. wouldnt have completed C. werent completing D.shouldnt have completed2.省略主句（常用以表示愿望）省略主句（常用以表示愿望）If only +would+V. 原形（或原形（或V