（推薦）八年級(jí)英語(yǔ)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)

1、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)講解與練習(xí) 一、意義和構(gòu)成：現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)用來(lái)表示之前已發(fā)生或完成的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，但它的影響現(xiàn)在還存在；也可表示持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。其構(gòu)成： have (has) +過(guò)去分詞。規(guī)則變化的過(guò)去分詞與過(guò)去式的變化一樣，在動(dòng)詞詞尾加ed; 不規(guī)則變化的過(guò)去分詞見(jiàn)不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞表。句式結(jié)構(gòu)：1）. 肯定陳述句： 主語(yǔ)have (has) +過(guò)去分詞其它 He has already finished his homework.2）否定陳述句：主語(yǔ)have( has)（not）+過(guò)去分詞其它。He hasnt finished his homework yet. have not=havent ha

2、s not=hasnt.3） 一般疑問(wèn)句：Have( Has )主語(yǔ)過(guò)去分詞其它？Has he finished his homework yet?-Yes, he has./ No, he hasnt./ No, not yet4） 特殊疑問(wèn)句：特殊疑問(wèn)詞have(has) +主語(yǔ)+ 過(guò)去分詞其它？How long have you 二、用法一：表示過(guò)去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的某一動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果。常與just（剛剛），already（已經(jīng)），never（從來(lái)沒(méi)有），ever（曾經(jīng)），before（以前），yet（仍然），once（一次），twice（兩次），many times（很多次）

3、，how many times（多少次），so far（迄今為止），during the past（last）three years（最近三年來(lái)）等連用。 副詞的位置：just常用于肯定句中，放在have / has后，He has just come . never表示否定, 放在have / has后, He has never visited the Great Wall. ever用于疑問(wèn)句中,句型為: Have / Has主語(yǔ)ever 過(guò)去分詞？“曾經(jīng)過(guò)嗎？”用于詢問(wèn)某人過(guò)去的經(jīng)歷。Have you ever been to the farm？ before用于句末，The woma

4、n has never heard of that before. yet 用于句末或not 之后.Has the train arrived yet? No, not yet. already用于肯定句, have / has 之后或句末.We have already finished it. so far用于句首或句末. So far, we have visited the moon. 用法二：表示過(guò)去已經(jīng)開(kāi)始，一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)有： for表示一段時(shí)間的詞語(yǔ)I have taught English for 19 years。 since表示過(guò)去時(shí)間點(diǎn)的詞語(yǔ)He h

5、as been at this school since 1986. since表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句I have lived here since I was born. since一段時(shí)間ago. I have known him since 20 years ago. 三、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)中可以和表示一段時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)（for，since，how long, all ones life）連用的動(dòng)詞必須是表示延續(xù)的情況或動(dòng)作的動(dòng)詞，即延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。如：be，have，know，live，work，study，learn，teach，keep，speak，talk，draw，wait，wear，walk

6、，sleep，drive，write，do，clean等。 I have been a teacher for nearly 20 years. How long has he lived here? 四、延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)可和包括“現(xiàn)在”在內(nèi)的（到說(shuō)話時(shí)仍未結(jié)束）表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用。如this morning，today，this week，these days He has been to Beijing three times this year. He has written two letters this morning.（說(shuō)話時(shí)間在上午）He wrote two lett

7、ers this morning.（說(shuō)話時(shí)間在下午或晚上）五、用相應(yīng)的延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞替代非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。 常見(jiàn)的相應(yīng)轉(zhuǎn)換形式如下: borrow / lendkeep, buyhave, finish / endbe over, arrive /come / go / move / reach /get tobe in /at / be here /be there, begin / startbe on , openbe open , closebe closed, diebe dead , leavebe away（from）, go to schoolbe in school / be a s

8、tudent, get upbe up, fall asleepbe asleep , fall illbe ill, get to knowknow, losebe lost, becomebe, return / come back / get backbe back, joinbe in / be amember, join the armybe in the army /be a soldier, receive / get a letterhave a letter , catch / get a coldhave a cold, begin to studystudy, 六、現(xiàn)在完

9、成時(shí)中應(yīng)注意的幾個(gè)問(wèn)題1. have been to 和have gone to的區(qū)別 have been to 強(qiáng)調(diào)“去過(guò)”，現(xiàn)已不在那里，如： He has been to the USA three times. 他到美國(guó)去過(guò)三次。（過(guò)去“到美國(guó)”，現(xiàn)在已“不在美國(guó)”） have gone to主要強(qiáng)調(diào)的是“去了”，現(xiàn)在人不在說(shuō)話的現(xiàn)場(chǎng)，如： -Wheres your mother? -你媽媽在哪？ -She has gone to the hospital. -她去醫(yī)院了。 2. have been to 和have been in的區(qū)別 have been to強(qiáng)調(diào)人“已回到原地”，

10、后面可接表示“次數(shù)”的狀語(yǔ)。 eg. She has been to Shanghai only once. -How many times has he been there? -Hes been there many times. have been in表示某人“已在某地停留一段時(shí)間，現(xiàn)仍在那里”，其后常帶表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)。 eg. They have been at the bus stop for half an hour.他們?cè)谲囌敬袅税胄r(shí)。（現(xiàn)在仍然在車站） We have been in Xian for two weeks. 我們?cè)谖靼泊袅藘蓚€(gè)多星期。（現(xiàn)仍在西安） Ho

11、w long have they been in China? 他們?cè)谥袊?guó)呆了多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間了？（仍在中國(guó)） 七、 一般過(guò)去時(shí)和現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的動(dòng)作都發(fā)生在過(guò)去,但意義卻不同. （1）一般過(guò)去時(shí)只表示過(guò)去的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài),和現(xiàn)在不發(fā)生關(guān)系。 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示過(guò)去發(fā)生的某一動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響,強(qiáng)調(diào)的是現(xiàn)在。 如:I learned ten English songs（說(shuō)明過(guò)去學(xué)過(guò),現(xiàn)在是否記得,不是本句的內(nèi)容） I have learnt ten English songs.（learn發(fā)生在過(guò)去,但強(qiáng)調(diào)我現(xiàn)在懂英語(yǔ)歌曲） （2）一般過(guò)去時(shí)可以和表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用,如:yesterday, last ye

12、ar, three days ago, just now, 等?，F(xiàn)在完成時(shí)不能和表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用,其時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)可以是since,for , just, ever, never, before, already, yet , so far, all ones life等 八、規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞和它的過(guò)去式相同,即在原形后加ed（d）。已學(xué)近80個(gè)不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞約有半數(shù)也和它的過(guò)去式相同,分類如下,利于記憶: 1) 原形中的元音字母有變化: get-got-got, sit sat-sat win-won-won spit- spat- spat shine shone- shone f

13、ind- found- found hold-held-held meet- met-met stand- stood-stood understand-understood-understood feed- fed-fed hang-hung-hung 2) 原形中的輔音字母有變化:make-made-made spill-spilt-spilt have/ has-had-had build-built-built send-sent-sent lend- lent- lent spend-spent-spent 3) 在原形后加t或d: spoil-spoilt-spoilt learn

14、-learnt-learnt mean-meant-meant hear-heard-heard pay-paid-paid say-said-said lose-lost-lost lay-laid-laid 4) 原形中的元音字母和輔音字母都有變化: feel-felt-felt smell-smelt-smelt spell-spelt spelt keep-kept-kept sleep-slept-slept sweep-swept-swept leave-left-left sell-sold-sold tell-told-told catch-caught-caught teac

15、h-taught-taught buy-bought-bought bring-brought-brought think-thought-thought wear-wore-worn 5) 與原形相同: hit-hit-hit hurt-hurt-hurt let-let-let put-put-put read-read-read set-set-set shut-shut shut cost-cost-cost cut-cut-cut 還有些不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞與過(guò)去式不相同,為便于記憶,也分類如下: 1)原形中的元音字母有變化: ring-rang-rung sing-sang-sun

16、g drink-drank-drunk swim-swam-swum begin-began-begun sink-sank-sunk 2) 在原形上加en: eat-ate-eaten fall-fell-fallen ride-rode-ridden write-wrote- written be-was/were-been rise-rose-risen forget-forgot-forgotten 3)在原形上加n: see-saw-seen give-gave-given drive-drove-driven take-took-taken mistake-mistook-mist

17、aken draw-drew-drawn blow-blew-blown grow-grew-grown know-knew-known show-showed-shown throw-threw-thrown 4)在過(guò)去式上加n: steal-stole-stolen break-brokenbroken choose-chose-chosen speak-spoke-spoken wake-woke-woken 6) 與原行相同:come-came-come run-ran-run become-became-become 7) 原形、過(guò)去式和過(guò)去分詞都不相同的: do-did-done

18、go-went-gone fly-flew-flown lie-lay-lain 個(gè)別動(dòng)詞有兩個(gè)過(guò)去式和過(guò)去分詞,一個(gè)為規(guī)則變化,另一個(gè)為不規(guī)則變化learn-learned-learned shined-shined smell smelled-smelled learnt-learnt shine shone-shone smelt-smelt wake -waked-waked spelled-spelled woke-woken spell -spelt spelt一、單項(xiàng)選擇1. Oh, Mrs. King, your necklace looks nice. Is it new?

19、No, I _ it for two years. A. had B. have had C. bought D. have bought 2. His grandfather _ for over two years. A. has died B. has been dead C. has dead D. died 3.Uncle Li can speak English very well because he _ England for 5 years. A. has gone to B. has been to C. has come to D. has been in 4. Wher

20、e is Mr. Zhang? He _ London. A. has been to B. has been C. has gone D. has gone to 5. _ to the United States? No, never, but I went to Canada a few years ago. A. Have you been B. Have you gone C. Did you go D. Will you go 6. I havent seen you _ last Friday. A. for B. since C. from D. on 7. John, you

21、 _ the computer game for two hours. Its bad for your eyes. Stop, please! OK, Mum. A. played B. have played C. were playing D. play 8.I wont go to the concert because I _ my ticket. A. lost B. dont lose C. have lost D. will lost 二、用所給動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式天空1. It （rain）for a week. 2. I dont know this woman. I （meet

22、, never）her. 3.Lets go to the cinema.No, I （see, already）the film. 4. We （finish, not）our homework yet. Will you wait a minute? 5. John （come, not）yet. He will be back in a minute. 6. Mr. Green often goes to America. In fact, he （be）there ten times. 7. Wheres John? He just （go）to the teachers office

23、. 8. She （study）English since she was ten. She （begin）to study English when she was ten. 9. Jim isnt here. He （go）to the library. He （go）there an hour ago. 10. He （travel, never）on a train in her life. 11. I （buy）the bike two weeks ago. I （have）this bike since the beginning of this month. 12. Great

24、changes （take place）in those villages in the last ten years, Great changes （take place, also）in my hometown in the last ten years. 13. How many times you （phone）me these days? you （phone）me this morning? 14. Tom cant get into the room because he （lost）the key to the door. 15. I （look）for the diction

25、ary, but I （find not）it yet. 16. the new programmes （start）yet?No, they （plan,still） 18. We （live）in Shanghai from 1989 to 1999. We （live）for 10 years. 19. They cant go with us. They （finish, not）the work yet. 20. You （change, not ）your mind, havent you? 三、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)1have / has +done,請(qǐng)注意與一般過(guò)去式的區(qū)別 1 I have already worked out this math problem? (改為否定句) I worked out the math problem . 2 He has already finished the book.(改一般疑問(wèn)句并做肯定否定回答) he the book ? Yes, he . No, he . 3 I have a book. (改一般疑問(wèn)句并做肯定和否定回答) you a book? Yes, I . No, I . 4 I have got a