新視野大學(xué)英語第二冊Unit1SectionB

1、AIR FORCE UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING FOREIGN LANGUAGE TEACHING AND RESEARCH PRESS Section BN H C EN H C EUnit 1Unit 1Test YourselfText BN H C EN H C EN H C EN H C ELike the other skills for your use, the skill introduced in this unit does render you better able in reading.This practice is designed to

2、 help you get a deeper insight into the skill for this unit.自測自測課文課文隨隨 筆筆 閱讀實踐閱讀實踐自測自測課文課文BackN H C EN H C EReading for the Main Idea in a Paragraph Being able to determine the main idea of a paragraph is one of the most useful reading skills you can develop. It is a skill you can apply to any kind

3、of reading. The main idea of a paragraph is the thought that is present throughout the paragraph. In a well-written paragraph, most of the sentences support, describe, or explain the main idea. 自測自測課文課文BackN H C EN H C E Writers frequently use the first sentence of a paragraph to state the main idea

4、, as is clear from the following example taken from Text A: Reading for the Main Idea in a Paragraph 隨隨 筆筆 閱讀實踐閱讀實踐自測自測課文課文BackN H C EN H C E Consequently, we work hard at the task of saving time. We produce a steady flow of labor-saving devices; we communicate rapidly through faxes, phone calls or

5、emails rather than through personal contacts, which though pleasant, take longer especially given our traffic-filled streets. We, therefore, save most personal visiting for after-work hours or for social weekend gatherings. (Para. 5) We work hard at the task of saving time. 隨隨 筆筆 閱讀實踐閱讀實踐自測自測課文課文Bac

6、kN H C EN H C E However, the main idea sentence may also occur in other places: in the middle or at the end of a paragraph. Look at two more examples taken from Text A: 隨隨 筆筆 閱讀實踐閱讀實踐自測自測課文課文BackN H C EN H C E “We are slaves to nothing but the clock,” it has been said. Time is treated as if it were

7、something almost real. We budget it, save it, waste it, steal it, kill it, cut it, account for it; we also charge for it. It is a precious resource. Many people have a rather acute sense of the shortness of each lifetime. Once the sands have run out of a persons hourglass, they cannot be replaced. W

8、e want every minute to count. (Para. 2)It (= Time) is a precious resource. “We are slaves to nothing but the clock,” it has been said. Time is treated as if it were something almost real. We budget it, save it, waste it, steal it, kill it, cut it, account for it; we also charge for it. It is a preci

9、ous resource. Many people have a rather acute sense of the shortness of each lifetime. Once the sands have run out of a persons hourglass, they cannot be replaced. We want every minute to count. (Para. 2)隨隨 筆筆 閱讀實踐閱讀實踐自測自測課文課文BackN H C EN H C E Americans believe no one stands still. If you are not m

10、oving ahead, you are falling behind. This attitude results in a nation of people committed to researching, experimenting and exploring. Time is one of the two elements that Americans save carefully, the other being labor. (Para. 1)Time is one of the two elements that Americans save carefully, the ot

11、her being labor. Americans believe no one stands still. If you are not moving ahead, you are falling behind. This attitude results in a nation of people committed to researching, experimenting and exploring. Time is one of the two elements that Americans save carefully, the other being labor. (Para.

12、 1)隨隨 筆筆 閱讀實踐閱讀實踐自測自測課文課文BackN H C EN H C E Please notice that sometimes there is no sentence in the paragraph that directly states the main idea. That doesnt mean that there isnt a main idea in the paragraph, only the main idea is implied. In these cases, you have to write a sentence to sum up the

13、main idea of the paragraph. 隨隨 筆筆 閱讀實踐閱讀實踐隨隨 筆筆 閱讀技巧閱讀技巧N H C EN H C E自測自測課文課文BackDirections:As you read Text B, write down the main idea for some of the paragraphs in your own words. N H C EN H C E自測自測課文課文Back1. Do you think studying in a different country is something that sounds very exciting? Ar

14、e you like many young people who leave home to study in another country thinking you will have lots of fun? Certainly, it is a new experience, which brings the opportunity to discover fascinating things and a feeling of freedom. In spite of these advantages, however, there are also some challenges y

15、ou will encounter. Because your views may clash with the隨隨 筆筆 閱讀技巧閱讀技巧N H C EN H C E自測自測課文課文Backdifferent beliefs, norms, values and traditions that exist in different countries, you may have difficulty adjusting to a new culture and to those parts of the culture not familiar to you. This is called

16、“culture shock”. At least four essential stages of adjustment occur during culture shock. (Para. 1) Studying in a different country is a new experience, but there are also some challenges. 隨隨 筆筆 閱讀技巧閱讀技巧N H C EN H C E自測自測課文課文Back2. The first stage is called “the honeymoon”. In this stage, you are ex

17、cited about living in a different place, and everything seems to be marvelous. You like everything, and everybody seems to be so nice to you. Also, the amusement of life in a new culture seems to have no ending. (Para. 2) The first stage of culture-shock adjustment is “the honeymoon”. 隨隨 筆筆 閱讀技巧閱讀技巧

18、N H C EN H C E自測自測課文課文Back3. Eventually, however, the second stage of culture shock appears. This is “the hostility stage”. You begin to notice that not everything is as good as you had originally thought it was. You become tired of many things about the new culture. Moreover, people dont treat you

19、like a guest anymore. Everything that seemed to be so wonderful at first is now awful, and everything makes you feel distressed and tired. (Para. 3) The second stage of culture shock, “the hostility stage”, eventually occurs. 隨隨 筆筆 閱讀技巧閱讀技巧N H C EN H C E自測自測課文課文Back4. Usually at this point in your a

20、djustment to a new culture, you devise some defense mechanisms to help you cope and to protect yourself against the effects of culture shock. One type of coping mechanism is called “repression”. This happens when you pretend that everything is acceptable and that nothing bothers you. Another type of

21、 defense mechanism is called “regression”. This occurs when you start to act as if you are younger than you actually are; you act like a child. You forget everything, and隨隨 筆筆 閱讀技巧閱讀技巧N H C EN H C E自測自測課文課文Backsometimes you become careless and irresponsible. The third kind of defense mechanism is ca

22、lled “isolation”. You would rather be home alone, and you dont want to communicate with anybody. With isolation, you try to avoid the effects of culture shock, or at least thats what you think. Isolation is one of the worst coping mechanisms you can use because it separates you from those things tha

23、t could really help you. The last type of defense隨隨 筆筆 閱讀技巧閱讀技巧N H C EN H C E自測自測課文課文BackAt this point, some defense mechanisms are devised to protect yourself against the effects of culture shock. mechanism is called “rejection”. With this coping mechanism, you think you dont need anybody. You feel

24、 you are coping fine alone, so you dont try to ask for help. (Para. 4)隨隨 筆筆 閱讀技巧閱讀技巧N H C EN H C E自測自測課文課文Back5. After you deal with your hostile feelings, recognition of the temporary nature of culture shock begins. Then you come to the third stage called “recovery”. In this stage, you start feelin

25、g more positive, and you try to develop comprehension of everything you dont understand. The whole situation starts to become more favorable; you recover from the symptoms of the first two stages, and you adjust yourself to the new隨隨 筆筆 閱讀技巧閱讀技巧N H C EN H C E自測自測課文課文BackThe third stage of culture sh

26、ock adjustment, “recovery”, starts. norms, values, and even beliefs and traditions of the new country. You begin to see that even though the distinction of the culture is different from your own, it has elements that you can learn to appreciate. (Para. 6) 隨隨 筆筆 閱讀技巧閱讀技巧N H C EN H C E134Text B自測自測技巧技

27、巧N H C EN H C E自測自測技巧技巧Back隨隨 筆筆 閱讀理解閱讀理解問題預(yù)覽問題預(yù)覽課文閱讀課文閱讀New Words非常好的非常好的; 絕妙的絕妙的 a.marvelous C 蜜月期蜜月期; (喻喻)短暫的和諧期短暫的和諧期 n.honeymoon C, U 調(diào)整調(diào)整 n.adjustment U 敵意敵意; 敵對敵對 n.hostility 1.U愉快愉快, 快樂快樂 2.C娛樂活動娛樂活動 n.amusement 此外此外; 而且而且 ad.moreover C, U 傳統(tǒng)傳統(tǒng) n.tradition 不一致不一致; 沖突沖突 / C 不一致不一致vi./n. clash

28、 雖然雖然; 盡管盡管 n. spite N H C EN H C E自測自測技巧技巧BackNew Words1.U壓抑壓抑; 抑制抑制 2.U 鎮(zhèn)壓鎮(zhèn)壓 n.repression 應(yīng)付應(yīng)付; 處理處理 vi.cope C 行為方式行為方式; 機制機制 n.mechanism U 回歸回歸; 倒退倒退 n.regression 可接受的可接受的; 合意的合意的 a.acceptable 不負責(zé)任的不負責(zé)任的 a.irresponsible 設(shè)計設(shè)計; 發(fā)明發(fā)明 vt.devise 使痛苦使痛苦 / U 痛苦痛苦, 苦惱苦惱 vt. / n. distress 再也再也 (不不) ad.any

29、more 隨隨 筆筆 閱讀理解閱讀理解問題預(yù)覽問題預(yù)覽課文閱讀課文閱讀N H C EN H C E自測自測技巧技巧BackNew Words對付對付; 應(yīng)付應(yīng)付; 處理處理 vi.deal 使用使用 vt.utilize C, U 拒絕拒絕; 不接受不接受 n.rejection sing., U 承認承認; 認可認可 n.recognition 1. 懷有敵意的懷有敵意的 2. 敵方的敵方的 a.hostile 暫時的暫時的 a.temporary 1. 拒絕拒絕 2. 拋棄拋棄, 丟棄丟棄 vt.reject U 隔離隔離; 孤立孤立n. isolation 使孤立使孤立; 使隔絕使隔絕v

30、t.isolate 隨隨 筆筆 閱讀理解閱讀理解問題預(yù)覽問題預(yù)覽課文閱讀課文閱讀N H C EN H C E自測自測技巧技巧BackNew WordsU 獲得獲得, 得到得到 n.acquisition 1. 欣賞欣賞 2. 對對表示感謝表示感謝 vt.appreciate 1特點特點 2C區(qū)別區(qū)別 3U卓越卓越n.distinction 1. 交流交流 2. 互相作用互相作用 eract 減輕減輕, 緩和緩和 vt.alleviate 相當(dāng)大的相當(dāng)大的; 相當(dāng)多的相當(dāng)多的 a.considerable C 1. 跡象跡象; 征兆征兆 2. 癥狀癥狀 n.symptom 1. 有利

31、的有利的 2. 贊成的贊成的 a. favorable 1. 恢復(fù)恢復(fù); 痊愈痊愈 2. U 復(fù)得復(fù)得 n.recovery 隨隨 筆筆 閱讀理解閱讀理解問題預(yù)覽問題預(yù)覽課文閱讀課文閱讀N H C EN H C E自測自測技巧技巧BackNew Words把把分開分開; 分離分離separate from 厭煩厭煩 (做做) 某事某事 tired of (doing) sth.文化沖擊文化沖擊; 文化震撼文化震撼 culture shock 從從 (疾病等疾病等) 中恢復(fù)中恢復(fù)recover from阻止阻止, 防止防止 prevent from 經(jīng)歷經(jīng)歷; 經(jīng)受經(jīng)受 go through為為

32、所熟悉所熟悉familiar to 適應(yīng)適應(yīng)adjust to 此外此外; 而且而且 ad.furthermore 隨隨 筆筆 閱讀理解閱讀理解問題預(yù)覽問題預(yù)覽課文閱讀課文閱讀N H C EN H C E隨隨 筆筆 閱讀理解閱讀理解生詞學(xué)習(xí)生詞學(xué)習(xí)課文閱讀課文閱讀Questions PreviewingDirections: For you to be better conditioned for reading as fast as 100 words per minute, as required in the new type of examination “Fast Reading”,

33、 Text B can serve to be your fast-reading material. But, for this purpose, the best course of action is to know what to scan for in your skimming. Thus, the trick is to keep in your mind the key words of each question before you start off. That is where the “Question Previewing” comes in. 自測自測技巧技巧Ba

34、ckN H C EN H C EQuestions Previewing自測自測技巧技巧Back1. According to Paragraph 1, studying in a different country means _. 2. In the honeymoon stage, _. 3. When you are in the hostility stage, you try to feel better by _. 4. In the writers eyes, one must be cautious even when occasionally using one of th

35、e defense mechanisms because they prevent one from _. 隨隨 筆筆 閱讀理解閱讀理解生詞學(xué)習(xí)生詞學(xué)習(xí)課文閱讀課文閱讀N H C EN H C EQuestions Previewing自測自測技巧技巧Back5. After you deal with your hostility, _. 6. In the third stage, you recover from _. 7. In the final stage of culture shock, you feel good about the new culture because _

36、.8. You learn more about yourself when _. 隨隨 筆筆 閱讀理解閱讀理解生詞學(xué)習(xí)生詞學(xué)習(xí)課文閱讀課文閱讀隨隨 筆筆 閱讀理解閱讀理解生詞學(xué)習(xí)生詞學(xué)習(xí)問題預(yù)覽問題預(yù)覽N H C EN H C E自測自測技巧技巧BackCulture Shock Para. 1a Do you think studying in a different country is something that sounds very exciting? Are you like many young people who leave home to study in anothe

37、r country thinking you will have lots of fun? Certainly, it is a new experience, which brings the opportunity to discover fascinating things and a feeling of freedom. ChineseQuestion 1N H C EN H C E自測自測技巧技巧BackPara. 1b In spite of these advantages, however, there are also some challenges you will en

38、counter. Because your views may clash with the different beliefs, norms, values and traditions that exist in different countries, you may have difficulty adjusting to a new culture and to those parts of the culture not familiar to you. This is called “culture shock”. At least four essential stages o

39、f adjustment occur during culture shock. ChineseQuestion 1隨隨 筆筆 閱讀理解閱讀理解生詞學(xué)習(xí)生詞學(xué)習(xí)問題預(yù)覽問題預(yù)覽N H C EN H C E自測自測技巧技巧BackPara. 2 The first stage is called “the honeymoon”. In this stage, you are excited about living in a different place, and everythingseems to be marvelous. You like everything, and everybo

40、dy seems to be so nice to you. Also,the amusement of life in a new culture seems to have no ending. ChineseQuestion 2隨隨 筆筆 閱讀理解閱讀理解生詞學(xué)習(xí)生詞學(xué)習(xí)問題預(yù)覽問題預(yù)覽N H C EN H C E自測自測技巧技巧BackPara. 3 Eventually, however, the second stage of culture shock appears. This is “the hostility stage”. You begin to notice that

41、 not everything is as good as you had originally thought it was. You become tired of many things about the new culture. Moreover, people dont treat you like a guest anymore. Everything that seemed to be so wonderful at first is now awful, and everything makes you feel distressed and tired. Chinese隨隨

42、 筆筆 閱讀理解閱讀理解生詞學(xué)習(xí)生詞學(xué)習(xí)問題預(yù)覽問題預(yù)覽N H C EN H C E自測自測技巧技巧BackPara. 4a Usually at this point in your adjustment to a new culture, you devise some defense mechanisms to help you cope and to protect yourself against the effects of culture shock. One type of coping mechanism is called “repression”. This happen

43、s when you pretend that everything is acceptable and that nothing bothers you. ChineseQuestion 3隨隨 筆筆 閱讀理解閱讀理解生詞學(xué)習(xí)生詞學(xué)習(xí)問題預(yù)覽問題預(yù)覽N H C EN H C E自測自測技巧技巧BackPara. 4b Another type of defense mechanism is called “regression”. This occurs when you start to act as if you are younger than you actually are; yo

44、u act like a child. You forget everything, and sometimes you become careless and irresponsible. The third kind of defense mechanism is called “isolation”. You would rather be home alone, and you dont want to communicate with anybody. Chinese隨隨 筆筆 閱讀理解閱讀理解生詞學(xué)習(xí)生詞學(xué)習(xí)問題預(yù)覽問題預(yù)覽N H C EN H C E自測自測技巧技巧BackPar

45、a. 4c With isolation, you try to avoid the effects of culture shock, or at least thats what you think. Isolation is one of the worst coping mechanisms you can use because it separates you from those things that could really help you. The last type of defense mechanism is called “rejection”. With thi

46、s coping mechanism, you think you dont need anybody. You feel you are coping fine alone, so you dont try to ask for help. Chinese隨隨 筆筆 閱讀理解閱讀理解生詞學(xué)習(xí)生詞學(xué)習(xí)問題預(yù)覽問題預(yù)覽N H C EN H C E自測自測技巧技巧BackPara. 5 The defense mechanisms you utilize in the hostility stage are not helpful. If you only occasionally use one

47、 of these coping mechanisms to help yourself survive, that is acceptable. You must be cautious, however. These mechanisms can really hurt you because they prevent you from making necessary adjustments to the new culture. ChineseQuestion 4隨隨 筆筆 閱讀理解閱讀理解生詞學(xué)習(xí)生詞學(xué)習(xí)問題預(yù)覽問題預(yù)覽N H C EN H C E自測自測技巧技巧BackPara.

48、6a After you deal with your hostile feelings, recognition of the temporary nature of culture shock begins. Then you come to the third stage called “recovery”. In this stage, you start feeling more positive, and you try to develop comprehension of everything you dont understand. ChineseQuestion 5隨隨 筆

49、筆 閱讀理解閱讀理解生詞學(xué)習(xí)生詞學(xué)習(xí)問題預(yù)覽問題預(yù)覽N H C EN H C E自測自測技巧技巧BackPara. 6b The whole situation starts to become more favorable; you recover from the symptoms of the first two stages, and you adjust yourself to the new norms, values, and even beliefs and traditions of the new country. You begin to see that even th

50、ough the distinction of the culture is different from your own, it has elements that you can learn to appreciate. ChineseQuestion 6隨隨 筆筆 閱讀理解閱讀理解生詞學(xué)習(xí)生詞學(xué)習(xí)問題預(yù)覽問題預(yù)覽N H C EN H C E自測自測技巧技巧BackPara. 7 The last stage of culture shock is called “adjustment”. In this stage, you have reached a point where you

51、 actually feel good because you have learned enough to understand the new culture. The things that initially made you feel uncomfortable or strange are now things that you understand. This acquisition of understanding alleviates much of the stress. Now you feel comfortable; you have adjusted to the

52、new culture. ChineseQuestion 7隨隨 筆筆 閱讀理解閱讀理解生詞學(xué)習(xí)生詞學(xué)習(xí)問題預(yù)覽問題預(yù)覽N H C EN H C E自測自測技巧技巧BackPara. 8a Culture shock is not something you can avoid when living in a foreign country. It does not seem like a very helpful experience when you are going through its four stages. However, when you have completely

53、adjusted to a new culture you can more fully enjoy it. Chinese隨隨 筆筆 閱讀理解閱讀理解生詞學(xué)習(xí)生詞學(xué)習(xí)問題預(yù)覽問題預(yù)覽N H C EN H C E自測自測技巧技巧BackPara. 8b You learn how to interact with other people, and you learn a considerable amount about life in a culture that is not your own. Furthermore, learning about other cultures and

54、 how to adjust to the shock of living in them helps you learn more about yourself. ChineseQuestion 8隨隨 筆筆 閱讀理解閱讀理解生詞學(xué)習(xí)生詞學(xué)習(xí)問題預(yù)覽問題預(yù)覽隨隨 筆筆 課文閱讀課文閱讀生詞學(xué)習(xí)生詞學(xué)習(xí)問題預(yù)覽問題預(yù)覽自測自測技巧技巧BackChoice MakingN H C EN H C E1. According to Paragraph 1, studying in a different country means _. A. discovering interesting thin

55、gs and a feeling of freedom B. an opportunity to get rich C. adjusting to culture shock all the time D. meeting both advantages and challenges Refer to Para. 1 自測自測技巧技巧BackChoice MakingN H C EN H C E2. In the honeymoon stage, _. A. you mainly experience the positive elements of life in a new culture

56、 B. you think that everything will always be perfect C. you feel that daytime becomes much longer D. you feel like you are taking a holiday to another country with friends Refer to Para. 2 隨隨 筆筆 課文閱讀課文閱讀生詞學(xué)習(xí)生詞學(xué)習(xí)問題預(yù)覽問題預(yù)覽自測自測技巧技巧BackChoice MakingN H C EN H C E3. When you are in the hostility stage, yo

57、u try to feel better by _. A. becoming tired of many things about the new culture B. adjusting to the new culture C. devising some defense mechanisms D. experiencing the negative parts of the new cultureRefer to Para. 4 隨隨 筆筆 課文閱讀課文閱讀生詞學(xué)習(xí)生詞學(xué)習(xí)問題預(yù)覽問題預(yù)覽自測自測技巧技巧BackChoice MakingN H C EN H C E4. In the w

58、riters eyes, one must be cautious even when occasionally using one of the defense mechanisms because they prevent one from _. A. feeling that these mechanisms are useful B. being easily affected by cultural differences C. protecting himself against the effects of culture shock D. making necessary ad

59、justments to the new culture Refer to Para. 5隨隨 筆筆 課文閱讀課文閱讀生詞學(xué)習(xí)生詞學(xué)習(xí)問題預(yù)覽問題預(yù)覽自測自測技巧技巧BackChoice MakingN H C EN H C E5. After you deal with your hostility, _. A. you begin to know that the shock of the new culture is only temporary B. you fail to recognize the temporary nature of culture shock C. you t

60、ry to develop comprehension of everything teachers say in class D. you start to know that the new culture is something really interesting Refer to Para. 6a 隨隨 筆筆 課文閱讀課文閱讀生詞學(xué)習(xí)生詞學(xué)習(xí)問題預(yù)覽問題預(yù)覽自測自測技巧技巧BackChoice MakingN H C EN H C E6. In the third stage, you recover from _. A. being homesick B. the symptom