大英帝國TheBritishEmpire

1、The British Empire During its peak, the British Empire was historys largest Empire. By the 1920s the Empire included almost of the Earths total land area. and population.Comprise TheBritishEmpirecomprisedthedominions,colonies,protectorates,mandatesandotherterritoriesruledoradministeredbytheUnitedKin

2、gdom.ItoriginatedwiththeoverseaspossessionsandtradingpostsestablishedbyEnglandbetweenthelate16thandearly18thcenturies.Atitsheight,itwasthelargestempireinhistoryand,foroveracentury,wastheforemostglobalpower.1The Earths countries which have been a part of the British Empire (wikipedia) The existing ov

3、erseas territories How is the British Empire formed? The British Empire is formed as a result of more than 300 years of trade, immigration, military conquest and the commerial diplomacy during the peace period. Imperial territory covered an area that across seven continents and four oceans, includin

4、g Antarctica. It has been described as the second empire after the Spanish. It reached its peak in 1890 and 1900 and is known as “the empire on which the sun never sets”.Reason for its rising 1、The great geographical discovery 2、The colonial expansion 3、The industrial revolution AreplicaofThe Matthe

5、w,JohnCabotsshipusedforhissecondvoyagetotheNewWorld.1、The great geographical discovery2、The colonial expansionGrowth in AfricaColonization began in the 1820s in South AfricaBritain gained control of Egypt and later the Suez Canal by 1882Further colonies were created in central Africa after the Berli

6、n Conference in 1884-85Cecil Rhodes concurred more land in Africa to help link South Africa and Egypt with trains in 1888Growth in the Near EastDuring World War I Britain signed with France the Sykes-Picot Agreement to create colonies in the Middle EastFollowing the war the League of Nations allowed

7、 Britain to rule Palestine, Jordan, Iraq, Kuwait, and CyprusThese colonies were created at the Treaty of VersaillesThe Crown Jewel(India) First established as a trading colony in 1757 by the British East India CompanyThe East India Company gained full control by 1857 In 1857 India became part of the

8、 British Empire India was ruled by appointed Rajs (or local kings) India was very important to Britain for many reasons including: natural resources, people, and global location 3、The industrial revolution It was a period in Britain from mid-1700s to the mid-1800s in which power-driven machines in f

9、actories replaced manual labor. The industrial revolution resulted from advances in applied science and engineering, such as the development of steam engines.TheBritishEmpirehasalonghistory,beginningwithIrishconquestandtheAmericancolonies.Itpeakedinthe1920sandfellrapidlyduringthe20thcentury.Origins(

10、14971583)ThefoundationsoftheBritishEmpirewerelaidwhenEnglandandScotlandwereseparatekingdoms. In1496KingHenryVIIofEngland,followingthesuccessesofSpainandPortugalinoverseasexploration,commissionedJohnCabottoleadavoyagetodiscoveraroutetoAsiaviatheNorthAtlantic. FirstBritishEmpire(15831783) Main article

11、: English overseas possessions In1578,ElizabethIgrantedapatenttoHumphreyGilbertfordiscoveryandoverseasexploration. In1603,JamesVI,KingofScotsascendedtotheEnglishthroneandin1604negotiatedtheTreatyofLondon,endinghostilitieswithSpain. Duringtheearly17thcentury, untilthelossoftheThirteenColoniesafterthe

12、AmericanWarofIndependencetowardstheendofthe18thcentury,hassubsequentlybeenreferredtoastheFirstBritishEmpire. RiseoftheSecondBritishEmpire(17831815) Main article: American Revolution Duringthe1760sandearly1770s,relationsbetweentheThirteenColoniesandBritainbecameincreasinglystrained,primarilyduetorese

13、ntmentoftheBritishParliamentsattemptstogovernandtaxAmericancolonistswithouttheirconsent. ThelossofsuchalargeportionofBritishAmerica,atthetimeBritainsmostpopulousoverseaspossession,isseenbyhistoriansastheeventdefiningthetransitionbetweenthefirstandsecondempires,inwhichBritainshifteditsattentionawayfr

14、omtheAmericastoAsia,thePacificandlaterAfrica. Britainsimperialcentury(18151914) See also: Industrial Revolution and Victorian eraBetween 1815 and 1914, a period referred to as Britains imperial century by some historians,around 10,000,000 square miles of territory and roughly 400 million people were

15、 added to the British Empire.Alongside the formal control it exerted over its own colonies, Britains dominant position in world trade meant that it effectively controlled the economies of many countries, such as China, Argentina and Siam, which has been characterised by some historians as informal e

16、mpire. World wars (19141945) By the turn of the 20th century, fears had begun to grow in Britain that it would no longer be able to defend the metropole and the entirety of the empire while at the same time maintaining the policy of splendid isolation. The realisation that Britain could not defend i

17、ts entire empire pushed Australia and New Zealand, which now appeared threatened by Japanese forces, into closer ties with the United States, which after the war eventually resulted in the 1951ANZUS Pact between Australia, New Zealand and the United States of America.Decolonisation and decline (1945

18、1997) Though Britain and the empire emerged victorious from the Second World War, the effects of the conflict were profound, both at home and abroad. At the same time, anti-colonial movements were on the rise in the colonies of European nations. The wind of change ultimately meant that the British Empires days were numbered. Between