必講現(xiàn)在分詞與過去分詞的區(qū)別

1、 現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞的用法異同歷來是學(xué)現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞的用法異同歷來是學(xué)習(xí)中的難點(diǎn)和高考測試的重點(diǎn)。眾所周知，兩習(xí)中的難點(diǎn)和高考測試的重點(diǎn)。眾所周知，兩種分詞的區(qū)別很多，但它們之間的根本區(qū)別是：種分詞的區(qū)別很多，但它們之間的根本區(qū)別是： 這種根本的區(qū)別具體體現(xiàn)在兩種分詞分別這種根本的區(qū)別具體體現(xiàn)在兩種分詞分別充當(dāng)?shù)母鞣N句子成份中。細(xì)述如下：充當(dāng)?shù)母鞣N句子成份中。細(xì)述如下： 分詞作定語時，如果分詞只是一分詞作定語時，如果分詞只是一個單詞，那么，該分詞就位于其所修飾的名詞個單詞，那么，該分詞就位于其所修飾的名詞之前；如果是分詞短語，那么，該短語就位于之前；如果是分詞短語，那么，該短語就位于其所修

2、飾的名詞之后，它的作用相當(dāng)于一個定其所修飾的名詞之后，它的作用相當(dāng)于一個定語從句。語從句。分詞作定語時，被分詞所修飾的分詞作定語時，被分詞所修飾的名詞就是該分詞的邏輯主語。但現(xiàn)在分詞與邏名詞就是該分詞的邏輯主語。但現(xiàn)在分詞與邏輯主語之間是主動關(guān)系，所表示的動作一般與輯主語之間是主動關(guān)系，所表示的動作一般與句中謂語動詞所表示的動作同時發(fā)生；而過去句中謂語動詞所表示的動作同時發(fā)生；而過去分詞則表示被動關(guān)系，所示動作一般發(fā)生在謂分詞則表示被動關(guān)系，所示動作一般發(fā)生在謂語動詞之前或同時發(fā)生。語動詞之前或同時發(fā)生。1.There was a terrible noise _ the sudden bur

3、st of light. A. followed B. following C. to be followed D. being followed簡析：首先，根據(jù)語法分析可知，句子后半部分是一個作定語、簡析：首先，根據(jù)語法分析可知，句子后半部分是一個作定語、修飾修飾 noise 的分詞短語；再根據(jù)句意的分詞短語；再根據(jù)句意“一陣閃電之后，接著就是一一陣閃電之后，接著就是一聲巨響。聲巨響?！笨芍?，巨響應(yīng)是主動，緊接在閃電之后的。因此，該題可知，巨響應(yīng)是主動，緊接在閃電之后的。因此，該題應(yīng)應(yīng)選選B。2.The Olympic Games, _ in 776 B. C., didnt include

4、 women until 1912. A. first playing B. to be first played C. first played D. to be playing簡析：首先，根據(jù)語法分析可知，待選部分是一個作定語、修飾簡析：首先，根據(jù)語法分析可知，待選部分是一個作定語、修飾 The Olympic Games 的后置分詞短語；再根據(jù)的后置分詞短語；再根據(jù) The Olympic Games 對于動詞對于動詞 play 來說只能是被動承受，且已完成來說只能是被動承受，且已完成 (in 776 B. C.)。因此，因此，該題應(yīng)該題應(yīng)選選C。3.Whats the language

5、 _ in Germany? A. speaking B. spoken C. be spoken D. to speak簡析：該題應(yīng)簡析：該題應(yīng)選選B。測試過去分詞作后置定語表達(dá)被動，等于定測試過去分詞作后置定語表達(dá)被動，等于定語從句語從句 which is spoken4.Most of the people _ to the party were famous scientists. A. invited B. to invite C. being invited D. inviting 簡析：該題應(yīng)簡析：該題應(yīng)選選A。測試過去分詞作后置定語表達(dá)被動，等于定語測試過去分詞作后置定語表達(dá)被

6、動，等于定語從句從句 who were invited5.Most of the artists _ to the party were from South Africa. A. invited B. to invite C. being invited D. had been invited 簡析：該題應(yīng)簡析：該題應(yīng)選選A。測試過去分詞作后置定語表達(dá)被動，等于定語測試過去分詞作后置定語表達(dá)被動，等于定語從句從句who were invited6.The computer centre, _ last year, is very popular among the students in t

7、his school. A. open B. opening C. having opened D. opened 簡析：該題應(yīng)簡析：該題應(yīng)選選D。測試過去分詞短語作定語放在所修飾的名詞后，測試過去分詞短語作定語放在所修飾的名詞后，可以用非限制性定語從句可以用非限制性定語從句“which was opened last year”代替代替7.The first textbooks _ for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century. A. having written B. to be writte

8、n C. being written D. written 簡析：該題應(yīng)簡析：該題應(yīng)選選D。測試過去分詞作后置定語表達(dá)被動，等于定語測試過去分詞作后置定語表達(dá)被動，等于定語從句從句which were written 分詞作表語時，它起著分詞作表語時，它起著形容詞的作用。形容詞的作用。分詞作表語時，句子的分詞作表語時，句子的主語就是該分詞的邏輯主語。但現(xiàn)在主語就是該分詞的邏輯主語。但現(xiàn)在分詞作表語時，與其邏輯主語之間是分詞作表語時，與其邏輯主語之間是主動關(guān)系，所表示的動作的一般與句主動關(guān)系，所表示的動作的一般與句中謂語動詞所表示的動作同時發(fā)生；中謂語動詞所表示的動作同時發(fā)生；而過去分詞則表示被

9、動關(guān)系，所示動而過去分詞則表示被動關(guān)系，所示動作一般發(fā)生在謂語動詞之前或同時發(fā)作一般發(fā)生在謂語動詞之前或同時發(fā)生。生。 1.This news sounds _. A. encouraging B. encouraged C. encourage D. to encourage 簡析：首先，根據(jù)語法分析可知，待選部分在句中應(yīng)作表語，因簡析：首先，根據(jù)語法分析可知，待選部分在句中應(yīng)作表語，因?yàn)闉?sounds 在此句中用作連系動詞；再根據(jù)在此句中用作連系動詞；再根據(jù) The news 對于動詞對于動詞 encourage 來說應(yīng)是主動關(guān)系，即這個消息本身就鼓舞人心。因此，來說應(yīng)是主動關(guān)系，即這個

10、消息本身就鼓舞人心。因此，該題應(yīng)該題應(yīng)選選A。2. -How did Bob do in the exams this time? -Well, his father seems _ with his results. A. pleasing B. please C. pleased D. to please 簡析：首先簡析：首先, 根據(jù)語法分析可知根據(jù)語法分析可知, 待選部分在句中應(yīng)作表語。因?yàn)榇x部分在句中應(yīng)作表語。因?yàn)?seems 在此句中用作連系動詞在此句中用作連系動詞; 再根據(jù)再根據(jù) his father 對于動詞對于動詞 please 來來說應(yīng)是被動關(guān)系說應(yīng)是被動關(guān)系, 即這個結(jié)果

11、使他的父親高興即這個結(jié)果使他的父親高興; 換言之換言之, 他的父親因他的父親因?yàn)槭艿竭@個結(jié)果的刺激而感到高興。因此為受到這個結(jié)果的刺激而感到高興。因此, 該題應(yīng)該題應(yīng)選選C。3. -How did the audience receive the new play? -They got very _. A . excite B . excited C . excitedly D . exciting 簡析：該題應(yīng)簡析：該題應(yīng)選選B。測試他們被那出新戲所打動。測試他們被那出新戲所打動。 分詞在復(fù)合賓語中可作賓語分詞在復(fù)合賓語中可作賓語補(bǔ)足語，對句子的賓語起補(bǔ)充或說明作用。補(bǔ)足語，對句子的賓語起補(bǔ)

12、充或說明作用。分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語時，句子分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語時，句子的賓語就是該分詞的邏輯主語。但現(xiàn)在分的賓語就是該分詞的邏輯主語。但現(xiàn)在分詞與其邏輯主語之間是主動關(guān)系，所表示詞與其邏輯主語之間是主動關(guān)系，所表示的動作一般與句中謂語動詞所表示的動作的動作一般與句中謂語動詞所表示的動作同時發(fā)生；而過去分詞則表示被動關(guān)系，同時發(fā)生；而過去分詞則表示被動關(guān)系，所示動作一般發(fā)生在謂語動詞之前或同時所示動作一般發(fā)生在謂語動詞之前或同時發(fā)生。發(fā)生。1.The next morning she found the man _ in bed, dead. A. lying B. lie C. lay D. layi

13、ng 簡析簡析: 首先首先, 根據(jù)語法分析可知根據(jù)語法分析可知, 待選部分在句中應(yīng)作賓補(bǔ)待選部分在句中應(yīng)作賓補(bǔ), 補(bǔ)充說補(bǔ)充說明賓語明賓語 the man; 再根據(jù)賓語再根據(jù)賓語 the man 對于動詞對于動詞 lie 來說應(yīng)是主動關(guān)來說應(yīng)是主動關(guān)系系, 而且而且, lie 這個動作與謂語動詞這個動作與謂語動詞 found 同時進(jìn)行。因此同時進(jìn)行。因此, 該題應(yīng)該題應(yīng)選選A。2. -Good morning. Can I help you? -Id like to have the package _, madam. A. be weighed B. to be weighed C. to

14、weigh D. weighed 簡析簡析: 首先首先, 根據(jù)語法分析可知根據(jù)語法分析可知, 待選部分在句中應(yīng)作賓補(bǔ)待選部分在句中應(yīng)作賓補(bǔ), 補(bǔ)充說補(bǔ)充說明賓語明賓語 the package; 再根據(jù)再根據(jù) the package 對于動詞對于動詞 weigh 來說來說, 只能只能是被動關(guān)系。因此，該題應(yīng)是被動關(guān)系。因此，該題應(yīng)選選D。3. I can hardly imagine Peter _ across the Atlantic Ocean in five days. A. sail B. sailing C. to sail D. to have sailed 簡析簡析: 該題應(yīng)該題

15、應(yīng)選選B。測試動詞測試動詞 imagine 后要求跟動名詞后要求跟動名詞, Peter 是動是動名詞的邏輯主語。名詞的邏輯主語。4.If you wave your book in front of your face, you can feel the air _ against your face. A. moved B. moving C. moves D. to move 簡析簡析: 該題應(yīng)該題應(yīng)選選B。測試使役動詞后用現(xiàn)在分詞作賓補(bǔ)表示賓語正測試使役動詞后用現(xiàn)在分詞作賓補(bǔ)表示賓語正發(fā)出的動作。發(fā)出的動作。 分詞作狀語時，一般在句子中作時分詞作狀語時，一般在句子中作時間、原因、方式或伴

16、隨等狀語。間、原因、方式或伴隨等狀語。分詞作狀語時，句子的主語就是該分詞作狀語時，句子的主語就是該分詞的邏輯主語。但現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語時，與其邏分詞的邏輯主語。但現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語時，與其邏輯主語之間是主動關(guān)系，所表示的動作一般與句輯主語之間是主動關(guān)系，所表示的動作一般與句中謂語動詞所表示的動作同時發(fā)生；而過去分詞中謂語動詞所表示的動作同時發(fā)生；而過去分詞則表示被動關(guān)系，所示動作一般發(fā)生謂語動詞之則表示被動關(guān)系，所示動作一般發(fā)生謂語動詞之前或同時發(fā)生。前或同時發(fā)生。 1.European football is played in 80 countries, _ it the most popular

17、 sport in the world. A. making B. makes C. made D. to make 簡析：首先，根據(jù)語法分析可知，待選部分在整個句中應(yīng)作狀語；簡析：首先，根據(jù)語法分析可知，待選部分在整個句中應(yīng)作狀語；再根據(jù)再根據(jù) European football 對于對于 make 來說應(yīng)是主動關(guān)系，即歐洲足來說應(yīng)是主動關(guān)系，即歐洲足球使之本身成為一項(xiàng)最受世人歡迎的運(yùn)動。因此，該題應(yīng)球使之本身成為一項(xiàng)最受世人歡迎的運(yùn)動。因此，該題應(yīng)選選A。2._ a reply, he decided to write again. A. Not receiving B. Receivin

18、g not C. Not having received D. Having not received 簡析：該題應(yīng)簡析：該題應(yīng)選選C。 測試非謂語動詞的否定式是在其前直接加測試非謂語動詞的否定式是在其前直接加 not 。若動作發(fā)生在主句動作之前時用非謂語的完成式。若動作發(fā)生在主句動作之前時用非謂語的完成式。3.The visiting Minister expressed his satisfaction with the talks, _ that he had enjoyed his stay here. A. having added B. to add C. adding D. ad

19、ded 簡析：該題應(yīng)簡析：該題應(yīng)選選C。測試現(xiàn)在分詞可以作補(bǔ)充說明的狀語。測試現(xiàn)在分詞可以作補(bǔ)充說明的狀語。4. “Cant you read?” Mary said _ to the notice. A. angrily pointing B. and point angrily C. angrily pointed D. and angrily pointing 簡析：該題應(yīng)簡析：該題應(yīng)選選A。測試現(xiàn)在分詞作伴隨狀語，通過副詞測試現(xiàn)在分詞作伴隨狀語，通過副詞 angrily 進(jìn)行干擾。若進(jìn)行干擾。若B 答案為答案為 and pointed angrily 時也對。時也對。另外，分詞作狀語時

20、，如果其邏輯主語與整個句子的主語不一另外，分詞作狀語時，如果其邏輯主語與整個句子的主語不一致時，需要獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)或致時，需要獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)或 with 復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)來替代。復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)來替代。(此時，也可把此時，也可把該分詞看成介詞的賓語補(bǔ)足語。該分詞看成介詞的賓語補(bǔ)足語。) 例例: The murderer was brought in, with his hands _ behind his back. A. being tied B. having tied C. to be tied D. tied 簡析：很顯然，待選部分的邏輯主語是簡析：很顯然，待選部分的邏輯主語是 his hands，而不是

21、句子的而不是句子的主語主語 The murderer , 而而 his hands 對于動詞對于動詞 tie 來說，只能是被動承來說，只能是被動承受。因此，該題應(yīng)受。因此，該題應(yīng)選選D。 1.I cannot understand _ such a well-paid job. A. him to give up B. him to have given up C. his giving up D. his being given up2.Janes summer vacation in England led to _ an Englishman. A. her marry B. her t

22、o marry C. her being married D. her marrying 3.She was sad because of _ any chance left. A. there being not B. there not being C. not there being D. there was not4.If you think a letter is too slow, why not _ a telegram? A. try to have sent B. trying to send C. to try to send D. try sending 5.There

23、is no chance _ him today. A. in seeing B. to seeing C. of seeing D. about seeing 6.I know you like _ . Would you like _ with me now? A. to swim, to swim B. swimming, swimmingC. swimming, to swim D. to swim, swimming7.Before _, the machine must be checked. A. being used B. using it C. being used to D

24、. using 8.To give up _ means _ . A. smoking, stopping smoking B. smoking, to stop smoking C. to smoke, to stop to smoke D. to smoke, stopping to smoke9. What do you think of the book? Oh, excellent. Its worth _ a second time.A. to read B. reading C. to be read D. being read 10. “What has made you so

25、 upset?” “_ my new bike.”A. Lost B. Because of losing C. Since I lost D. Losing 11. I still remember _ to Beijing when I was six.A. to take B. taking C. having taking D. having been taken 12. Some foreigner used to _ on the left in their own countries, but now they have got used to _ on the right in

26、 our country.A. driving, drive B. drive, drive C. drive, driving D. driving, driving13. He remained _ there, for he grew _ in many things there.A. staying, interesting B. staying, interested C. to stay, interest D. stayed, interested14. It is important for parents and young people to learn how to ge

27、t through to each other and develop skill in understanding and _.A. being understood B. to be understood C. understand D. understood15. _ more trees is good for health and it is also important to stop waste from factories _ our surroundings. A. To plant, pollute B. Planting, to pollute C. Plant, pol

28、luting D. Planting, polluting 16. I would appreciate _ back this afternoon.A. you to call B. you call C. your calling D. youre calling 17. How about the two of us _ a walk down the garden?A. to take B. take C. taking D. to be taking18. “The light in the office is still on.” “Oh, I forgot _ .”A. turn

29、ing it off B. turn it off C. to turn it off D. having turned it off19. “I must apologize for _ ahead of time.” “Thats all right.”A. letting you not know B. not letting you knowC. letting you know not D. letting not you know20. It happened _ when I left the station, so I had to wait until the rain st

30、opped.A. to be raining B. to have rained C. to rain D. raining 21. _ more attention, the trees could have grown better. A . Given B . To give C . Giving D . Having given22. Climbing mountains was _, so we all felt _. A. tiring ; tired B. tired ; tiring C. tiring ; tiring D. tired ; tired23. The _ mo

31、rning, the father came into the lonely house , _ by his naughty boy . A. following ; following B. followed ; followed C. following ; followed D. followed ; following24. _ these pictures, I couldnt help thinking of those days when I was in Beijing and _ from the top of a thirty-storeyed building, Beijing looks more magnificent. A. Seeing ; seen B. Seen ; seeing C. Seeing ; seeing D. Seen ; seen25. Mrs White was glad to see the nur