中考復(fù)習(xí)專題介詞與數(shù)詞參考word

1、 學(xué)習(xí)內(nèi)容與過(guò)程一：Review重點(diǎn)詞匯與短語(yǔ)分別默寫15個(gè)二：Presentation（一）. 介詞的用法I. 介詞的功能介詞是一種虛詞，用來(lái)表示名詞或相當(dāng)于名詞的其它詞語(yǔ)與句中其它詞的關(guān)系，不能單獨(dú)使用。介詞可與名詞或相當(dāng)于名詞的其它詞構(gòu)成介詞短語(yǔ)。介詞短語(yǔ)可在句中作定語(yǔ)，狀語(yǔ)，表語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。例如：The boy over there is Johns brother. (定語(yǔ)) The girl will be back in two hours. (狀語(yǔ)) Our English teacher is from Australia. (表語(yǔ)) Help yourself to so

2、me fish. (賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ))II. 常用介詞的用法辨析1. 表時(shí)間的介詞(1). at, in, on at : 表示時(shí)間點(diǎn), 年齡，無(wú)Day節(jié)日 eg：at six oclock/ at noon/ at midnight/ at Halloween / at the age of 7 in: 表示在某個(gè)世紀(jì)，某年，某月，某個(gè)季節(jié)以及早晨(上午，下午，晚上)。eg：in the nineteenth century / in 2002/ in may/ in winter/ in the morning/ in the afternoon on: 表示具體的（含有修飾的詞）某一天某一天的

3、上午，下午，晚上.eg：on Monday, on July 1st / on Sunday morning1 .Well have a hiking trip, but when shall we meet?Lets make it _ half past eight _ the morning of June 21.2 . I made a special card for my father _ Fathers Day this year.(2) . since與for表示時(shí)間的用法區(qū)別：“since+(具體時(shí)刻/that-從句)”表示“自從起一直到現(xiàn)在”,“for +(一段斶間)”表示

4、“總共有之久”,都常用于完成時(shí)態(tài)；eg：Uncle Li has worked in this factory since 1970. Uncle Li has worked in this factory for over 30 years. (3). in, afterin一段時(shí)間in一段時(shí)間s time(與將來(lái)時(shí)連用)。after與將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)連用時(shí)，后面只能跟表示時(shí)間點(diǎn)的詞語(yǔ)。after與過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)連用時(shí)，后面才能跟表示一段時(shí)間的詞語(yǔ)。eg. He will be back in two months. He will arrive after four oclock. He returne

5、d after a month.= He returned a month later.EX. ( ) -How soon shall we start the bicycle trip? -_. A. In three days B. After three days C. In three days time D. After three days time(4) . 表示“在.期間“常用during ，fromto . betweenand等during 表示在。期間 during the winter holiday ,during the last two years, during

6、 my stay in Hong Kongfrom to .表示從到from Monday to Friday ,from August to September betweenand一般是說(shuō)在這個(gè)時(shí)期內(nèi)發(fā)生了什么，強(qiáng)調(diào)事情本身，而不是時(shí)間，發(fā)生的事情可以是點(diǎn)動(dòng)詞。注意：當(dāng)接時(shí)間的時(shí)候，between.and.接短暫性動(dòng)詞， from.to.接延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞eg. The World Cup was held in Germany from June 9th to July 9th . You can call me between 5:00 and 6:00EX. -I think it s g

7、ood_young people to work _volunteers _their spare time. -I think so A to; for; in B,for; as; in C for; with; during D to; with; duringII. 表示地點(diǎn)的介詞(1). at, in, onat一般指小地方；in一般指大地方或某個(gè)范圍之內(nèi)；on往往表示“在某個(gè)物體的表面”。1 / 7eg. He arrived in Shanghai yesterday. They arrived at a small village before dark. Could you

8、please tell me when the train will arrive? There is a big hole in the wall. The teacher put up a picture on the wall. There is a kite in the tree. There is a big apple on the tree.(2). over, above, onover, on和above都可表示“在上面”，但具體含義不同。Over表示位置高于某物，在某物的正上方，其反義詞是under。 above也表示位置高于某物，但不一定在正上方，其反義詞是below。

9、On指兩個(gè)物體表面接觸，一個(gè)在另一的上面。eg. There is a bridge over the river. We flew above the clouds. They put some flowers on the teachers desk.EX. They climbed_ the hill and arrived there ahead of time.Cant you see a rainbow_ the mountain. Can I join Oxfam Trailwalker? Only if you are _ eighteen.(3). across, throu

10、ghacross和through均可表示“從這一邊到另一邊”，但用法不同。across的含義與on有關(guān)，表示動(dòng)作在某一物體的表面進(jìn)行。through的含義與in有關(guān)，表示動(dòng)作是在三維空間進(jìn)行。EX.There is a bridge the river. Many boats go it every day. The train ran _the tunnel (隧道). The boy swam_ the river. The moonlight goes _ the window and makes the room bright. He had to push his way _the

11、crowds to get to her son. -Can a plane fly_the Atlantic Ocean? -Yes, but it needs to go _the clouds for hours. (4). in front of, in the front ofin front of 表示“在某人或某物的前面”反義詞組behind，在某個(gè)范圍以外；in the front of 表示“在的前部”，在某個(gè)范圍以內(nèi),反義詞組at the back ofeg. There are some tall trees _ the building. The teacher is

12、sitting _ the classroom.(5) . under，below under與over相反，表示指“在-（垂直）下方”。below與above相反，指“在下面”，指某物位置低于另一物。 注意：below也可指“（溫度）低于-” eg：Our boat went under the bridge There is a small town below the hill. EX：The temperature will fall_ zero in the night again. Who lives three floors _ him? Teenagers _eighteen

13、arent allowed to drink.(6). among和betweenamong(通常用于三個(gè)或三個(gè)以上)的中間，among后的名詞或代詞必須是復(fù)數(shù)，between用于(二者之間)，且“兩者”常用and連接。 eg. There is a village among the hills/ Tom is the tallest among these students. Kate sits between Lucy and Lily. EX. The woman divided the cake_the four children.She seldom eats snacks_cla

14、sses/ meals.III. 其他介詞的辨析(1) .表示方式、手段、工具等介詞by，with，in，through表示用“方法、手段”使用by。 eg：We go to school by bike every day. / I live by teaching. 表示“用工具”的用with。 eg：We write with pens (or pencils). / He cut the apple in half with a knife. 表示“用語(yǔ)言” 用in。 eg：He can write a letter in English now. through意為“通過(guò)”，經(jīng)常后接

15、effort, hard work等名詞，而by 意為“用”表方式方法，后接動(dòng)名詞，如：working hard, putting in a lot of effort.EX. I improve my English _reading aloud in the morning. It is really cool to realize your dream _great effort. (2) . besides、except、but和beyond . besides意思是“除之外(還有-)”。 eg. Besides English we also learn Chinese, Frenc

16、h and Japanese. . except意思是“除之外(在整體中除去一部分)”。 eg. The students go to school every day except Saturday and Sunday. . but意思是“除之外(在整體中除去一部分)”，它與except的區(qū)別是：but常放在不定代詞之后；而except沒(méi)不是。but的問(wèn)題：用介詞but引出另一個(gè)動(dòng)詞時(shí),要注意：如果前面有do,后面就用原形動(dòng)詞,前面沒(méi)有do時(shí),后面的動(dòng)詞要加to。eg. I could do nothing but wait. They had no choice(選擇) but to f

17、ight. . beyond “除.以外” 常用于否定和疑問(wèn)句中eg. Beyond the stars, the astronaut saw nothing but space.EX. Mr Lin gave the textbooks to all the students _the ones who had already taken them. (2009無(wú)錫) I cant tell you anything _ what you know already. A without B. beyond C besides D except for(3) . in, on, to表示方向的

18、介詞 A be/lie in the north of B. A在B的北部。前者從屬于后者。 A be/lie on the north of B. A在B的北方。兩地接壤。 A be/lie to the north of B.A be north of B.可以省略to the；兩者不接壤eg.It is reported that a car went out of control on a high way east of Shijiazhuang and three people got killed.EX. north of the zoo there are some giraf

19、fes. And south of the giraffes there are some lions.Shanghai lies _ the east of China and _the northeast of Guangdong.(4) . as與like “像”as 為連詞，后接一個(gè)句子; like 為介詞，后面只能接名詞、代詞賓格或動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)。eg. We must study hard as Lei Feng did Today some newly-produced mobile phones can take pictures like a camera. EX. _ are

20、 you going to be in the future? -I want to be a person_Yang Liwei.(2004揚(yáng)州中考) A. How, like B How;as C. What, like D. What, asIV. 介詞的固定搭配 介詞往往同其他詞類形成了固定搭配關(guān)系。記住這種固定搭配關(guān)系，才能正確使用介詞。（1）介詞與動(dòng)詞的搭配listen to , laugh at, get to, look for, wait for, hear from/of, turn on, turn off, worry about, think of, look aft

21、er, spendon,get on (well) with, argue with.about., devote.to., look forward to, pay attention to, have an effect on, catch up with等。（2）介詞與名詞的搭配on time, in time, by bus, on foot, with pleasure, on ones way to, in trouble, at breakfast, at the end of, in the end, on a bike(=by bike), with the help of或

22、with ones help，beyond hope，in public，under arrest，on business, beyond doubts（3）介詞與形容詞的搭配be late for, be afraid of, be good at, be interested in, be angry with, be full of, be sorry for, be strict with.in., be grateful to sb for sth等EX. ( ) Are you going to the station _bus or _my car? A. on ; by B.

23、by ; in C. on ; in D. in ; by ( ) _my mothers help, I succeeded in finishing the work. A. Under B. On C. With D. In【中考題專項(xiàng)練習(xí)】( ) 1. Dont drive so fast! We must slow down when we drive_ the tunnel. (2012江蘇無(wú)錫) A. past B. across C. over D. Through( ) 2.Can I join Oxfam Trailwalker? Only if you are _ eig

24、hteen. 【2011連云港】 A. over B. on C. under D. below( ) 3. She had to sell the house even though it was _ her own wishes. 【2011浙江杭州】 A. aboveB. onC. againstD. for( ) 4.What do you often do _ classes to relax yourself? Listen to music.【2008安徽中考】A. over B. among C. between D. through ( ) 5. On the way _ t

25、he mountain village, we found the local houses different from ours. 【2012江蘇淮安】 A. toB. byC. atD. on( ) 6.Jack, is maths difficult to learn in high school? 【2012江蘇連云港】 Sure. No subject can be learned well hard work. A. without B. through C. by D. with( ) 7. I am sorry its_my power to make a final dec

26、ision on the project(2004上海春季高考) A over B.above C of D beyond( ) 8. My father has a habit of jogging _the Jinchuan River for an hour in the morning .【2012江蘇南京】 A. between B. along C. over D. through( ) 9. Look, there is a hole_ the wa1l . The wind comes in_ that hole. A on;through B in;through C on;

27、in D。in;in( ) 10. Dont drive so fast! We must slow down when we drive _the tunnel. 【2012江蘇無(wú)錫】 A. pastB. acrossC. overD. through( ) 11.Yesterday I downloaded a new program _the Internet. Now I can watch TV and movies_ my computer. (2012蘇州)A. from； on B. with； in C, in； with D. on； from( ) 12. The 30t

28、h London Olympic Games will begin _ 27th July 2012. 【2012江蘇徐州】 A. in B. on C. at D. for( ) 13.Jack, you seem to be _ . 【2012江蘇鹽城】 Yes. Its 8:20 now and my train leaves in ten minutes. A. in a hurryB. in fearC. in safetyD. in silence( ) 14. The 2012 London Olympic Games will soon start _ the coming J

29、uly. 【2012江蘇鎮(zhèn)江】 A. on B. in C. at D. to( ) 15. Remember to spend some time_ your loved ones, because they are not going to be around forever. A.from B.with C. in D.on( )16. Jack, you seem to be _Yes. Its 820 now and my train leaves in ten minute. A. in a hurry B. in fear C. in safety D. in silence(

30、)17-Jack, is maths difficult to learn in High school? (2012連云港) -Sure. No subject can be learned well _hard work.A. without B . through C. by D. with( ) 18. Welcome to our hotel. I hope you ll have a good time_your stay here.(2012安徽中考) A,after B.during C with D since（2） . 數(shù)詞的用法I、英語(yǔ)的數(shù)詞可以作句子的主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)和

31、定語(yǔ)。II. 數(shù)詞的分類 1. 基數(shù)詞“八注意”。（一）基數(shù)詞的讀法。注意：1，000以上數(shù)目的讀法：自右向左每三位劃一個(gè)分節(jié)“，”，第一個(gè)分節(jié)讀thousand, 第二個(gè)分節(jié)讀million, 第三個(gè)分節(jié)讀billion或thousand million ，且hundred, thousand, million等用單數(shù)形式。注意，百位數(shù)hundred與十位數(shù)(或個(gè)位數(shù))之間要用and連接。十位數(shù)與個(gè)位數(shù)之間要用連字符號(hào)“-”，如：52，368讀作：fifty-two thousand, three hundred and sixty-eight.挑戰(zhàn)中考：( )1. How long is

32、the new bridge? Do you know ? -Yes. Its about _. (05濟(jì)南市課改區(qū)) A. one thousand one hundred and eighty meters B. one thousand and one hundred fifty meters C. two thousands one hundred forty meters D. two thousands seventy and three meters ( )2. There are _ days in a year. (07貴州畢節(jié)地區(qū)) A. three hundred and

33、 sixty-five B. three hundred and sixty five C. three hundred sixty-five D. three hundreds and sixty- five（2） 基數(shù)詞表計(jì)量。注意：基數(shù)詞表計(jì)量大于1時(shí)，它所修飾的名詞要用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如: two bottles of water (兩瓶水); three boxes of apples(三箱蘋果)。挑戰(zhàn)中考：( )3. Ive read _ sports news about the F1 race today. A. two B. pieces C. two pieces D. two

34、pieces of ( )4. Can I help you? Id like _for my twin daughters. A. two pair of shoes B. two pairs of shoe B. two pair of shoe D. two pairs of shoes(三）基數(shù)詞表番號(hào)（編號(hào)）。注意：編號(hào)的事物如果數(shù)字較大，一般用基數(shù)詞表達(dá)，且放在編號(hào)的事物名詞之后。如：No.102 Middle School （102中學(xué)）；Room 206 （206房間） 如果編號(hào)的事物數(shù)字不大，用序數(shù)詞表達(dá)，但它應(yīng)放在編號(hào)名詞之前。如：the first lesson (第一課

35、) 挑戰(zhàn)中考：( )5. Jack is now in _. A. the three grade B. Grade Third C. Grade Three ( )6. Now children, turn to page _and look at the _ picture in Lesson Two. A. twentieth; one B. twenty; one C. twentieth; first D. twenty; first (四）基數(shù)詞表時(shí)刻。注意：英語(yǔ)時(shí)刻表達(dá)法有兩種：一種是直接讀數(shù)字，先說(shuō)鐘點(diǎn)數(shù)，后說(shuō)分鐘數(shù)：另一種是先說(shuō)分鐘數(shù)，后說(shuō)鐘點(diǎn)數(shù)，中間要用past或to連接。

36、即：130分鐘（含30分鐘）用“分鐘數(shù)+past+鐘點(diǎn)數(shù)”；3159分鐘用“（60-分鐘數(shù)）+to +下一個(gè)鐘點(diǎn)數(shù)”。如：4:20 four twenty或 twenty past four 5:45 five fifteen或 fifteen to six或 a quarter to six中考演練：( )7. -It 9:45. Yes, Its _. A. fifteen from ten B. a quarter to ten B. fifteen past nine D. a quarter past ten（五）基數(shù)詞復(fù)數(shù)表歲數(shù)或年代。注意：表示“幾十”的基數(shù)詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式，可用來(lái)表

37、示某人的大概歲數(shù)或年代。如：My uncle went to England in his twenties. These eggs were found in the Gobi Desert by a group of scientists in the 1920s.挑戰(zhàn)中考：( )8.During World War, a Jewish（猶太的）lady was protected by a local family in Shanghai in her _. A. fifties B. fifty C. fiftieth D. the fiftieth （六）含基數(shù)詞的復(fù)合形容詞。注意：

38、“基數(shù)詞+名詞（+形容詞）”構(gòu)成的復(fù)合形容詞作定語(yǔ)時(shí)，其中的名詞用單數(shù)形式。如：two-week holiday 兩周的假 ； an eighteen-metre-wide street 一條18米寬的街道 但注意它與名詞所有格形式作定語(yǔ)的區(qū)別。如：How far is it from your home to your school? Its about ten minutes walk. 挑戰(zhàn)中考：( )9. Bill said they would have _ holiday. A. a two-month B. two months C. two-months D. two mont

39、hs ( )10. Tim is _ boy. He can say a few words. A. an one-year-old B. a one-year-old C. an one-year old D. a one-year old（七）基數(shù)詞與“多少又一半”的表達(dá)。注意：“多少又一半”的表達(dá)有種方法：一種是“數(shù)詞+n.(單數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù))+and a half”；另一種是“數(shù)詞+and a half +n.復(fù)數(shù)”。如：“兩個(gè)半月”可譯為：two months and a half或two and a half months 中考演練： ( )11. I spent _ in doing

40、my homework yesterday. A. a half and two hour B. two and a half hour C. two hour and a half D. two and a half hours（8） hundred, thousand, million等表示大約數(shù)與確切數(shù)的區(qū)別。注意：基數(shù)詞表示具體數(shù)目時(shí)，hundred, thousand, million用單數(shù)形式。但在表示“數(shù)百”、“數(shù)千”、“數(shù)百萬(wàn)”等不確切數(shù)目時(shí)，hundred, thousand, million要用復(fù)數(shù)形式，且后接“of +名詞復(fù)數(shù)”。如：There are nine hund

41、red and forty-seven students in our school. Thousands of students come to visit the Museum of Natural History every year. 挑戰(zhàn)中考：（ ）12. Nanjing is a city with many places of interest. _ tourists come here every year. A. Thousand of B. Thousand C. Thousands D. Thousands of (06南京市) ( )13. How many peopl

42、e are there in Changsha? -About six _. (07長(zhǎng)沙市初中畢業(yè)會(huì)考) A. million B. millions C. millions of ( )14.How many people will come to Beijing for the Olympic Games in 2008? -Its hard to say. _ people, I think. ( 06福州市) A. Million of B. Millions of C. Two millions of D. Two million of2、序數(shù)詞“三注意”。(一）序數(shù)詞的構(gòu)成及基本用

43、法。注意：序數(shù)詞一般以與之相應(yīng)的基數(shù)詞后加-th 構(gòu)成，少數(shù)幾個(gè)需特別記憶。為方便大家記憶，請(qǐng)看下面口訣?；冃颍幸?guī)律，first, second, third要牢記；其它變化有公式，基數(shù)詞尾加-th;eight去t , nine去e； 從twenty, thirty到ninety, 需變y為ie； five和twelve, 需將ve變f; 若是遇到“幾十幾”，只變個(gè)位就可以。序數(shù)詞：one-first ; two-second; three-third; five-fifth; eight-eighth; nine-ninth; twelve-twelfth; twenty-twentie

44、th; twenty-one-twenty-first另外，注意：序數(shù)詞前要加定冠詞the, 在句中作定語(yǔ)放在所修飾的名詞前。如：December is the twelfth month of the year. 挑戰(zhàn)中考：( )15. Thursday is the _ day of the week. (five) ( 用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空) ( )16. He believed his lucky number was ten, so he decided to live on the _ floor. A. lowest B. ten C. tenth ( )17. I have

45、made _ dumplings. Now Im making the _ one. A. twenty; twentieth-first B. twenty; twenty-first C. twentieth; twenty-first D. twenty; twenty-one （二）序數(shù)詞與冠詞a/an連用。注意：序數(shù)詞前加不定冠詞a/an, 表示“又一”、“再一”的意思。如：Please try it a second time. 請(qǐng)?jiān)僭囈辉?。但基?shù)詞與more連用，并放在more前，表示“另外有”、“還有”的意思。如：Ill take one more (=another) pen

46、cil. We ve just started！ There were twenty more trees to be planted！ 挑戰(zhàn)中考：( )18.Time is not enough for so much work. _ people are needed, I think. A. Other two B. Only two C. Two more D. Two others ( )19. Both of the two rulers are broken. I want to buy a _ one. A. three B. third C. forth D. 不填 （三）序

47、數(shù)詞的特殊用法：序數(shù)詞的前面一般必須加the，但以下情況不用：表“又一”時(shí)，如：There are three flowers, but she wants a fourth one.序數(shù)詞前有形容詞性物主代詞時(shí)，如：This is my fifteenth birthday.序數(shù)詞作表語(yǔ)時(shí)，如：Who was first in the high jump? He is always the first one to come to the school. I am the second one to get up in my family.當(dāng)序數(shù)詞為表達(dá)名次的名詞時(shí)，不和定冠詞連用，如：Li

48、ly came second in the race.挑戰(zhàn)中考：20. Yesterday was Fathers Day and it was just my cousins _(二十) birthday. (2012揚(yáng)州)3. 分?jǐn)?shù)和百分?jǐn)?shù)(1). 分?jǐn)?shù)1 分?jǐn)?shù)的分子用基數(shù)詞，分母用序數(shù)詞。 如：one fifth 1/52 當(dāng)分子大于1時(shí)，分母用序數(shù)詞的復(fù)數(shù)。如：five eighths 5/83 當(dāng)分子是1時(shí)，可以用one也可以用a. 如：a second = one second 1/24 當(dāng)分母是2和4時(shí)，分別可以用half和quarter代替。如：a half 1/2 three

49、 quarters3/4(2) . 百分?jǐn)?shù)：百分?jǐn)?shù)用percent表示。如：forty percent 40%注意：分?jǐn)?shù)和百分?jǐn)?shù)的主謂一致問(wèn)題挑戰(zhàn)中考：( )21. This is a big class, and _ of the students are girls. A. two third B. second three C. two thirds D. two three ( )22. Whats one fourth and a half , do you know? -Yes, its _. A. two sixths B. three fourths C. one three

50、D. three sixths ( )23. _ of the apple_bad and has to throw it away. A. Two third; went B. An half; went C. Two thirds; go D. Two thirds; goes4. 倍數(shù)的表示法(1). 表示“幾倍大?。ㄩL(zhǎng)短；數(shù)量）”，由“倍數(shù)+ the size（length，amount）”結(jié)構(gòu)組成。如：The earth is forty-nine times the size of the moon. (2). 表示“比大幾倍”，由“倍數(shù)+形容詞（副詞）比較級(jí)+ than +被比較

51、部分”結(jié)構(gòu)組成。如：This box is three times bigger than that one. (3). 表示“是倍”，由“倍數(shù)+ as +形容詞原級(jí)+ as +被比較部分”結(jié)構(gòu)組成。如：Our factory is twice as big as theirs. 【各地歷年中考數(shù)詞的考查】( )1.About _ the fans are waiting here. They want to see the great singer.【2009河南】 A. two thousand of B.two thousand C.thousand of D.two thousands of( )2.The volunteers sent books to a mountain village school on Childre