高考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí)語法講解課件：虛擬語氣(新人教版)

1、虛擬語氣虛擬語氣 注：注： 虛擬條件句與主語的謂語動詞虛擬條件句與主語的謂語動詞與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)或?qū)砜赡艿氖聦?shí)相反，從與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)或?qū)砜赡艿氖聦?shí)相反，從句用一般過去式句用一般過去式(be用用were；與將來可；與將來可能事實(shí)相反時還可用能事實(shí)相反時還可用were to /should +動動詞原形詞原形)，主句用，主句用would /should /could/ might +動詞原形；與過去事實(shí)相反，從動詞原形；與過去事實(shí)相反，從句用過去完成時，主句用句用過去完成時，主句用would /should/ could /might have +過去分詞。過去分詞。 熟讀深思熟讀深思 My deskm

2、ate, Mary, treats me as if she were1my sister. She is nice but fat. If she were not so fat, she would look2like a super model. Last year, a doctor advised that she (should) eat3 more vegetables and fruits. He also made a suggestion that she (should) work out4regularly. Besides, he insisted that she

3、(should) walk5 to school. If she had followed the doctors advice, she would not be so fat now6. In other words, if the doctor had persuaded her to do so, she would not have become7 overweight. This morning, Marys mother bought her a new dress. It was really nice. But after she tried it on, she could

4、nt help shouting,“ If only I were8 a little thinner! How I wish I hadnt eaten9so much junk food before!” Were I Mary, I would make10a weight loss plan. If I became overweight in the future, I would do11 sports every day. Now it is high time she changed12 her lifestyle. Without a healthy lifestyle, s

5、he wouldnt be13 able to lose weight. I would rather she went14swimming with me, but she insists that water sports are15 not suitable for her. So (should) walk16to school. 漢語譯文：漢語譯文：我的同桌瑪麗對我像親姐我的同桌瑪麗對我像親姐妹一樣。她人長得漂亮，就是有點(diǎn)胖。要妹一樣。她人長得漂亮，就是有點(diǎn)胖。要不然，她就是一個超級模特了。去年，醫(yī)不然，她就是一個超級模特了。去年，醫(yī)生建議她多吃蔬菜和水果。醫(yī)生同時建議生建議她多吃蔬

6、菜和水果。醫(yī)生同時建議她要經(jīng)常鍛煉，并堅(jiān)持讓她步行上學(xué)。如她要經(jīng)常鍛煉，并堅(jiān)持讓她步行上學(xué)。如果她當(dāng)時聽了醫(yī)生的建議，現(xiàn)在也不至于果她當(dāng)時聽了醫(yī)生的建議，現(xiàn)在也不至于這么胖了。也就是說，假如醫(yī)生說服了她這么胖了。也就是說，假如醫(yī)生說服了她減肥，她就不會太胖。減肥，她就不會太胖。 今天上午，瑪麗的媽媽給她買了一條新裙今天上午，瑪麗的媽媽給她買了一條新裙子。那裙子真是漂亮?？墒?，瑪麗試穿后，忍子。那裙子真是漂亮?？墒?，瑪麗試穿后，忍不住叫了起來：不住叫了起來：“我多希望我瘦一點(diǎn)點(diǎn)?。∫叶嘞Ｍ沂菀稽c(diǎn)點(diǎn)??！要是當(dāng)初我沒有吃那么多的垃圾食品該多好?。∈钱?dāng)初我沒有吃那么多的垃圾食品該多好??！”如果我是

7、瑪麗，我會制定一個減肥計(jì)劃。要是如果我是瑪麗，我會制定一個減肥計(jì)劃。要是將來我發(fā)胖了，我一定會每天做運(yùn)動?，F(xiàn)在，將來我發(fā)胖了，我一定會每天做運(yùn)動?，F(xiàn)在，該是瑪麗改變她的生活方式的時候了。沒有健該是瑪麗改變她的生活方式的時候了。沒有健康的生活方式，她是不可能成功減肥的。我倒康的生活方式，她是不可能成功減肥的。我倒是寧愿她和我一起去游泳?？墒撬龍?jiān)持認(rèn)為水是寧愿她和我一起去游泳?？墒撬龍?jiān)持認(rèn)為水上運(yùn)動不適合她。因此，她有必要步行上學(xué)了。上運(yùn)動不適合她。因此，她有必要步行上學(xué)了。 熟讀深思熟讀深思 1. 在在as if/ as though, even if/even though引導(dǎo)的引導(dǎo)的狀語從句

8、或表語從句中，與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反時，狀語從句或表語從句中，與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反時，從句的謂語動詞用一般過去時；與過去事實(shí)相從句的謂語動詞用一般過去時；與過去事實(shí)相反時，從句的謂語動詞用過去完成時。反時，從句的謂語動詞用過去完成時。2. 表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)，表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)，if 從句的謂語從句的謂語動詞用一般過去式，動詞用一般過去式，(be一般用一般用were)，主句的，主句的謂語用謂語用would/ should/ could/ might +動詞原形。動詞原形。3.5.在在insist, suggest, advise, order, command, propose, demand,

9、 require, request等后面的賓語等后面的賓語從句的謂語動詞用從句的謂語動詞用“should+動詞原形動詞原形”，其中，其中的的should可以省略。在可以省略。在suggestion, advice, order, command, demand, requirement, request等名詞等名詞后面的表語從句或同位語從句中，謂語動詞用后面的表語從句或同位語從句中，謂語動詞用“should+動詞原形動詞原形”， 其中的其中的should可以省略?？梢允÷?。6. 錯綜條件句：有時錯綜條件句：有時if 從句中的動作與主句動作從句中的動作與主句動作發(fā)生的時間不一致，這時動詞的形式應(yīng)

10、根據(jù)他們發(fā)生的時間不一致，這時動詞的形式應(yīng)根據(jù)他們表示的時間加以調(diào)整。本句的虛擬條件句與過去表示的時間加以調(diào)整。本句的虛擬條件句與過去事實(shí)相反，主句與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相同。事實(shí)相反，主句與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相同。 7. 表示與過去事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)，表示與過去事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)，if 從句的謂語形從句的謂語形式用過去完成時，即式用過去完成時，即“had過去分詞過去分詞”，主句，主句用用“would /should/could / might + have +過去分過去分詞詞”。89. 在表示愿望的動詞在表示愿望的動詞wish后的賓語從句和后的賓語從句和 If only（但愿）引出的句子中（但愿）引出的句子中, 需用虛擬

11、語氣。表需用虛擬語氣。表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反，從句或示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反，從句或if only后的句子的謂后的句子的謂語動詞用一般過去時；與過去事實(shí)相反，從句或語動詞用一般過去時；與過去事實(shí)相反，從句或if only后的句子的謂語動詞用過去完成時。后的句子的謂語動詞用過去完成時。10. 如果如果if 從句中含有從句中含有were, had或或should, 可將可將if 省略，然后將省略，然后將were, had或或should提前至主語前。提前至主語前。即從句可用半倒裝。即從句可用半倒裝。11. 表示與將來事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)，表示與將來事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)，if從句的謂語形從句的謂語形式用一般過去式，或用式用

12、一般過去式，或用“were to / should +動詞動詞原形原形”，主句用，主句用“would / should /could/ might +動詞原形動詞原形”。12. 在在It is (high) time that 后的從句中，后的從句中， 謂語動謂語動詞用詞用“should(不能省略不能省略)+動詞原形動詞原形”或一般過去或一般過去時都可以。時都可以。13. 含蓄條件從句：用連詞含蓄條件從句：用連詞otherwise, or，but或或用介詞用介詞but for, without等暗示前面的條件。與現(xiàn)等暗示前面的條件。與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反，謂語動詞用一般過去時；與過去事在事實(shí)相反，謂語

13、動詞用一般過去時；與過去事實(shí)相反，謂語動詞用過去完成時。其中介詞實(shí)相反，謂語動詞用過去完成時。其中介詞but for, without表示的虛擬語氣，表示的虛擬語氣， 可和可和if 引導(dǎo)的假設(shè)引導(dǎo)的假設(shè)條件狀語從句替換。條件狀語從句替換。14. would (had) rather , would sooner用來表達(dá)用來表達(dá)主觀愿望，它們之后的賓語從句中需用虛擬語主觀愿望，它們之后的賓語從句中需用虛擬語氣。謂語動詞用過去式表示現(xiàn)在或?qū)?，用過氣。謂語動詞用過去式表示現(xiàn)在或?qū)?，用過去完成式表示與過去事實(shí)相反。去完成式表示與過去事實(shí)相反。15. 動詞動詞insist表表“堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為，堅(jiān)持說堅(jiān)持認(rèn)

14、為，堅(jiān)持說, 堅(jiān)持某種堅(jiān)持某種說法說法”； suggest 表表“暗示，表明暗示，表明”時，后面從時，后面從句不用虛擬語氣。句不用虛擬語氣。16. 在在it is necessary (important, natural, strange, surprising) that 引導(dǎo)的主語從句中，主語從句中引導(dǎo)的主語從句中，主語從句中的謂語動詞用的謂語動詞用“should+動詞原形動詞原形”。 倒裝與高考倒裝與高考 1. 我們在做語法填空題時，一旦判斷所給我們在做語法填空題時，一旦判斷所給動詞在句中作為謂語后，就考慮其時態(tài)、動詞在句中作為謂語后，就考慮其時態(tài)、語態(tài)、語氣、主謂一致等。語態(tài)、語氣、

15、主謂一致等。2. 短文改錯中，可能出現(xiàn)動詞形式的錯誤。短文改錯中，可能出現(xiàn)動詞形式的錯誤。1.If I _ (be) you, I would do it in a different way.1. 與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反。與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反。2. If you had followed my advice just now, you _(be) fine now. 2. 與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反。與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反。werewould be一、單句填空一、單句填空 靈活運(yùn)用靈活運(yùn)用 3. He hesitated for a moment before kicking the ball, otherwise he _

16、 (score) a goal.3. 與過去事實(shí)相反。與過去事實(shí)相反。4. If I _(have) a million dollars, I would first donate some of the money to poor children in remote mountainous areas.4. 與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反。與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反。would have scoredhad5. The doctor ordered that she _ (stay) in bed for a few days.(should) stay6. It is very important that you

17、 _ _(master) the skills of computer.7. English teachers give advice that we _ (make) good use of every chance to speak English.(should) make(should)master8. It is high time that we _ _(take) some measures to protect the wild animals.took/shouldtake9. How I wish every family _ (have) a large house wi

18、th a beautiful garden！had10. Janes pale face suggested that she _ (be) ill, and her parents suggested that she _(have) a medical examination.should havewas二、語篇填空二、語篇填空 Tom and Peter are twins. They look as if they 1 _(be) the same person. Both the two boys are smart, but Tom is hard-working while Pe

19、ter is lazy. Tom always wins the first place in the exams, which suggests that he 2 _(be) hard-working. Peter could do better, 3 _ he doesnt want to work hard. People believe if Peter 4 _(work) as hard as Tom, he would do as well as his brother in his study.were is but worked At home, their parents

20、make a suggestion that they 5 _(do) the dishes in turn and insist that they 6_ (finish) their homework before playing computer games. But Peter insists that it 7 _(be) also OK to play games first as long as he can hand in his homework in time. Their mother gives in in the end. One day, when doing hi

21、s homework, Tom found he made a serious mistake. So, he put the exercise-book aside and used another one. should do should finish is When Peter found the previous exercise-book, he struck out Toms name and signed his name on its cover happily, and handed it in as his own homework the next day.When t

22、he teacher told the truth to the twinsMother, she kept silent first but her expression suggested that she 8 _(be) angry. Later, she shouted at Peter: “How I wish you 9 _(be) as diligent as your brother! Now its time that I 10 _ (give) you a good lesson. was were gave And I insist that you 11 _( not

23、play) any computer games for a whole month too. Remember to do as I ask you to, 12 _, you would be forbidden to touch the computer for a year!” “Oh, no! Mom. 13 _computer for such a long time, I would die. I would rather you 14 _(ask) me to do the dishes for a month alone.” Peter was upset. “If you

24、15 _ (finish) your homework on time yesterday, you wouldnt be punished now.” said the mother.should not play or/otherwise without asked had finished 湯姆和彼特雖是長得像同一個人且都很聰明湯姆和彼特雖是長得像同一個人且都很聰明,但學(xué)習(xí)上卻一勤一懶但學(xué)習(xí)上卻一勤一懶, 各不相同各不相同, 甚至有一次還因甚至有一次還因彼特懶惰彼特懶惰, 投機(jī)取巧投機(jī)取巧, 鬧出笑話。鬧出笑話。1. were 因因as if引導(dǎo)的表語從句是與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反引導(dǎo)的表語從句是

25、與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的情況的情況, 從句謂語用一般過去時從句謂語用一般過去時, be一般用一般用were。2. is 因因suggests表示表示“表明，說明表明，說明”，其后的賓，其后的賓語從句的謂語動詞用陳述語氣。語從句的謂語動詞用陳述語氣。3. but 因因“本來可以做得更好本來可以做得更好”與與“不愿努力學(xué)不愿努力學(xué)”是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。4. worked 因因if表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)，從句表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)，從句謂語用一般過去時。謂語用一般過去時。5. should do 在表示在表示“建議建議”的的suggestion后的同后的同位語從句中，謂語動詞用位語從句中，謂語動詞用

26、should do。6. should finish 在在insist表示表示“堅(jiān)決要求堅(jiān)決要求”時時, 其其后的賓語從句的謂語動詞用后的賓語從句的謂語動詞用“should+動詞原動詞原形形”。7. is 該句的該句的insists表示表示“堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為”，其賓語從，其賓語從句的謂語動詞用陳述語氣。句的謂語動詞用陳述語氣。8. was 因因suggested作作“表明，說明表明，說明”解，其賓解，其賓語從句的謂語動詞用陳述語氣。語從句的謂語動詞用陳述語氣。9. were 在表示愿望的在表示愿望的wish后的賓語從句，其賓后的賓語從句，其賓語從句的謂語動詞用一般過去式表示現(xiàn)在的愿語從句的謂語

27、動詞用一般過去式表示現(xiàn)在的愿望。望。10. gave 或或should give 在在Its time that句型的句型的that從句中，謂語動詞用一般過去式或從句中，謂語動詞用一般過去式或“should +動詞原形動詞原形”。11. should not play 句中句中insist表示表示“堅(jiān)決要求堅(jiān)決要求”，其賓語從句的謂語用其賓語從句的謂語用“should+動詞原形動詞原形”。 12. or/otherwise 由后面句中的謂語由后面句中的謂語would be可知可知, 前面用前面用or或或otherwise (否則否則)來表示虛擬條件。來表示虛擬條件。13. Without 由后

28、面的由后面的would die可知，填可知，填without表示虛擬條件。表示虛擬條件。14. asked 在在would rather后的從句中，用一般過后的從句中，用一般過去時表示現(xiàn)在或?qū)?。去時表示現(xiàn)在或?qū)怼?5. had finished 表示與過去事實(shí)相反的情況，表示與過去事實(shí)相反的情況，虛擬條件句的謂語用過去完成時。虛擬條件句的謂語用過去完成時。三、單句改錯三、單句改錯 1. How I wish there are 28 hours a day so that I had more time for fun.are were 與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反或不可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反或不可能

29、實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望，故用一般過去時。望，故用一般過去時。2. Had he worked hard years ago, he would become very rich today. 在在become前加前加 have 前句相當(dāng)于前句相當(dāng)于If he had worked hard years ago, 與過去事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)與過去事實(shí)相反的假設(shè),主句謂語要用主句謂語要用would have done。句意：如果他。句意：如果他幾年前就努力工作，他現(xiàn)在也已經(jīng)變得富有了。幾年前就努力工作，他現(xiàn)在也已經(jīng)變得富有了。3. If I were a boy again, I will remember that a good skater never tries to skate in two directions at once. will would 虛擬條件句是與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相虛擬條件句是與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的情況，主句謂語用反的情況，主句謂語用would do。4. But the fact that China are also affected by the global economic crisis, we would have fewer workers now.在在But后加后加for 因因but for(如果沒有，要不如果沒有，要不是是