2輪復(fù)習(xí)教案（四）模塊一 語法專練：定語從句

1、模塊一 語法專練：定語從句【考點透視】分析近兩年全國高考和各省市命題的英語科試卷的單項填空題，幾乎每一套試題都涉及到定語從句的內(nèi)容，這充分說明了定語從句在整各中學(xué)英語語法中的位置和重要性。研讀高考試題中定語從句的有關(guān)題目不難看出，定語從句主要的考點熱點是：定語從句中關(guān)系詞的區(qū)別；限制性定語從句和非限制性定語從句；“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語從句；定語從句和同位語從句的區(qū)別；定語從句的分割現(xiàn)象等。下面歸納一下定語從句的幾個要點：（一）由who，whom，whose引導(dǎo)的定語從句這類定語從句中who用作主語，whom用作賓語，whose用作定語。（二）由which引導(dǎo)的定語從句which在從句中作

2、主語，或謂語動詞或介詞的賓語，如： This is the pen which you want.（三）由that引導(dǎo)的定語從句 that在定語從句中可以指人或物，在從句中作主語或謂語動詞的賓語，但不能放在介詞后面作介詞賓語。（四）由when，where，why引導(dǎo)的定語從句 先行詞表示地點時，有時用where，有時用that引導(dǎo)定語從句。這時要根據(jù)從句的謂語動詞是及物的還是不及物的來判斷，是及物的就用that(which)，否則用where。如： This is the room where he lived last year. This is the house that (which)

3、 he visited last year.注意：在引導(dǎo)定語從句中，which與that的用法區(qū)別：1在下列情況下，只能用that，不能用which： (1)先行詞是不定代詞：all，few，little，much，something，nothing，anything等時； (2)先行詞被序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級所修飾時； (3)先行詞被all，any，every，few，little，no，some等修飾時； (4)先行詞被the only，the very，the same，the last修飾時； (5)先行詞既有人又有物時。 2在下列情況下，只能用which而不用that： (1)如果句中

4、有兩個定語從句，其中個用了that，另一個最好用which； (2)前面緊接著有介詞； (3)非限制性從句中不用that。（五）同位語從句與定語從句的區(qū)別： 1從意義上：同位語從句對名詞或補充說明或進行解釋，而定語從句進行修飾、限定，相當于一個形容詞的作用。2從結(jié)構(gòu)上：同位語從句由連接代詞，副詞引導(dǎo)，最常用的連接詞that一般不省略，也不在從句中作成分，而定語從句由關(guān)系代詞/ 副詞引導(dǎo)，that在定語從句中作主語不能省略，作賓語可省略。3從涵義上：同位語從句與所說明、解釋的句詞無邏輯關(guān)系，而定語從句所修飾的句詞是該從句邏輯上的主、賓、表、定、狀語等。如： (1)The news that th

5、ey had won the game arrived soon. 他們在比賽中獲勝了，這個消息很快傳來了。(同位語從句)(the news和that they had won the game無邏輯關(guān)系) (2) The news that you told me yesterday is true. 昨天你告訴我的那個消息是真的。(定語從句) (the news在定語從句中相當于told的邏輯賓語)4同位語從句說明，解釋的句詞有所限制，大多是一些表示抽象概念的名詞，而定語從句所修飾、限定的先行詞無限制，既可指人，又可指物?！绢}例精析】【例1】The farm _ we see today

6、is no longer the one _ it was ten years ago.A. that; thatB. where; thatC. where; whereD. which; which【易錯點悟】解答該題的關(guān)鍵是要注意判斷表示地點的先行詞在定語從句中用作賓語或狀語時，以及用作表語時關(guān)系詞的選用。【要點精析】分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可以知道，兩空均為定語從句結(jié)構(gòu)，表示地點的先行詞the farm 在第一空的定語從句中作謂語動詞see的賓語，故第一空應(yīng)為關(guān)系代詞 that，which 或省略；the farm 在第二空的定語從句中作表語，故只可以用that 連接，不可用which，且不可省略

7、?！敬鸢浮緼【例2】I often think of the days _ I stayed with them, _ has a great effect on my job.A. which; thatB. that; whichC. when; whoD. when; which【易錯點悟】解答該題的關(guān)鍵是要準確判斷表示時間的先行詞在定語從句中所作的成分以及非限制性定語從句中的關(guān)系詞所指代的對象?！疽c精析】句中的the days 為表示時間的先行詞，在I stayed with the experts 的定語從句中用作時間狀語，故第一空的關(guān)系詞應(yīng)選when 或in which；第二空關(guān)

8、系詞作主語引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，代指的是前面整個句子的內(nèi)容，故必須選用which連接。【答案】D【專項檢測】1. Last month, part of Southeast Asia was struck by floods, from _ effects the people are still suffering.A. thatB. whoseC. thoseD. what2. Mark was a student at this university from 1999 to 2003, _ he studied very hard and was made Chairman of th

9、e Students Union.A. during which timeB. for which timeC. during whose timeD. by that time3. I work in a business _ almost everyone is waiting for a great chance.A. howB. whichC. whereD. that4. The English play _ my students acted at the New Years party was a great success.A. for whichB. at whichC. i

10、n whichD. on which5. New York, _ I visited last year, is a nice old city. A. that B. whichC. when D. in which 6. I can think of many cases _students obviously knew a lot of English words and expressions but couldnt write a good essay.A. why B. whichC. as D. where7. George Orwell, _ was Eric Arthur,

11、wrote many political novels and essays.A. the real name B. what his real nameC. his real name D. whose real name8. _is reported in the newspaper, talks between the two countries are makingA. It B. As C. That D. What9. American women usually identify their best friend as someone _ they can talk frequ

12、ently.A who B. asC. about which D. with whom10. Anyway, that evening, _ Ill tell you more about later, I ended up staying at Rachels place.A. when B. whereC. what D. which11. The factory _ the students visited last week is the one _ I have worked for thee years.A. that; which B. when; in whichC. /;

13、where D. which; that12. The most important thing _ we should pay attention to is the first thing _ I have said.A. which; that B. that; which C. which; which D. that; that13. The school _ my father teaches is a world-famous one, _ was set up 100 years ago.A. where; which B. which; which C. /; where D

14、. where; that14. This is Mr. Smith, _ I think has something interesting to tell you.A. who B. whomC. that D. /15. _ is known to everybody, the moon travels round the earth once every month.A. It B. AsC. That D. What16.When was the house built? It was built in 1949 _ the PRC was founded. A. which B.

15、thatC. what D. when17. He never reads anything _ is not worth reading. A. as B. whichC. who D. that18. He has three brothers, _ is a doctor.A. all of them B. all of whom C. none of whomD. both of them19. The young mother mw her baby fall to the ground, _ brought her heart to her mouth.A. it B. and t

16、hat C. and which D. that20. Is this the reason _he explained at the meeting for his carelessness in his work?A. that B. whatC. how D. why21. The place _ interested me most was the Gnat Wall.A. in which B. whichC. where D. what22. The Oscar is one of the film prizes _ offend to any Chinese actor or a

17、ctress so far.A. which are not B. that have not beenC. that has not D. that has not been23. Id like a car _ front lights an big and tuned.A. which B. thatC. whose D. of which24. You were very impolite to him, for _ you should make an apology to him, I think,A. this B. whichC. what D. that25. The art

18、ist _ the judge gave a prize is the teacher _ I have been taught painting for two years.A. from whom; by whom B. to whom; whoC. from whom; who D. to whom; by whom26. For weeks the street hasnt been cleaned by the cleaners, _ makes it very dirty.A. who B. whichC. that D. this27. Now teenagers like to

19、 go to the fast food restaurants, _ eating doesnt take much time. A. which B. whoC. what D. where28. In my old school album there are some pictures of some teachers _ cant be found in yours.A. which B. whoC. those D. they29. Henry set up a club for football fans, _ he invited all his friends.A. for

20、whom B. to whomC. to which D. from which30. His parents wouldnt let him marry anyone _ family was poor.A. of whom B. whomC. of whose D. whose31. The weather turned out to be very good, _ was more than we could expect.A. when B. whichC. that D. when32. After living in Paris for fifty years he returne

21、d to the small town _ he grew up as a child.A. which B. whereC. that D. when33. Carol said the work would be done by October, _ personally I doubt very much.A. it B. thatC. when D. which34. Dorothy was always speaking highly of her role in the play, _, of course, made the others unhappy.A. who B. wh

22、ichC. this D. what35. I bought an ancient Chinese vase, _ was very reasonable.A. which price B. the price of whichC. its price D. the price of whose36. _ has already been pointed out, grammar is not a set of dead rules.A. As B. ItC. That D. Which37. He lived in London for 3 months, during _ time he

23、learned some English.A. this B. whichC. that D. same38. On the wall hung a picture,_ colour is blue.A. whose B. of whichC. which D. its39. Whenever I met him, _ was fairly often, I like his sweet and hopeful smile.A. what B. thatC. which D. when40. He bought a book that could glee him much knowledge

24、 and _ could help him to kill the time.A. that B. where C. which D. there41. The boss _ department Ms. King worked in ten years ago looked down upon women.A. in which B. in thatC. whose D. which42. Luckily, wed brought a mad map without _ we would have lost our way.A. it B. thatC. this D. which43. H

25、e made another wonderful discovery, _ of great importance to science.A. which I think is B. which I think it isC. which I think it D. I think which is44. This is the bag _ my mother bought yesterday.A. that B. whoC. whom D. this45. I think you have got to the point _ change is needed, or you would f

26、ail A. when B. thatC. where D. which46. October 1, 1949 was the day _ the Peoples Republic of China was founded.A. which B. whenC. where D. in which47. Is this the shop _ sells childrens clothing?A. which B. whereC. in which D. what48. Is this museum _ they visited last month?A. that B. whichC. wher

27、e D. the one49. I still remember the sitting-room _ my mother and I used to sit in the evening.A. what B. whichC. that D. when50. She was not the woman _ she was before.A. what B. whoC. that D. where51. In one night, the city was completely destroyed by a terrible earthquake, _ about 240,000 people

28、died.A. that B. whichC. in which D. the one 52. The old lady, _ had been killed in the war, was given help by the local government.A. all her children B. all of her childrenC. all of whose children D. whose all children53. The wrong you have done to him is terrible, for _ you should make an apology

29、to him, I think.A. that B. whichC. what D. this54. He worked seven days a week, and six of _ until one oclock at night.A. that B. which C. the time D. them55. The girl _ bike you took just now _ at it.A. her; very cross B. her; was very crossC. whose; to be very cross D. whose; is very cross56. It i

30、s in Nantong _ youre going to pay a visit to _ this kind of radio is made. (2007南通四縣市聯(lián)考)A. /; thatB. where; whichC. /; whereD. the; which57. Women _ drink more than two cups of coffee a day have a greater chance of having heart disease than those _ dont. （2006北京卷） A. who; / B. /; whoC. who; who D. /

31、; /58. The owner of the cinema needed to make a lot of improvements and employ more people to keep it running, _ meant spending tens of thousands of pounds. （2006江蘇卷）A. who B. thatC. as D. which59. I saw a woman running toward me in the dark. Before I could recognize who she was, she had run back in

32、 the direction _ she had come. （2006重慶卷） A. of which B. by whichC. in which D. from which60. In an hour, we can travel to places _ would have taken our ancestors days to reach.（2006上海卷） A. where B. whenC. which D. what【答案解析】1B。本題題干中的effects和先行詞floods之間有所屬關(guān)系，所以要用whose，這樣from whose effects一起引導(dǎo)定語從句。本題答

33、案是：B。2A。通過分析屬干可以知道。先行詞表示的是一個時間段，且在從句中充當時間狀語，根據(jù)這個意思，用“介詞 + 關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)定語從句。c項中的whose不能用來指代時間。本題答案是：A。3C。本題考查關(guān)系副詞where在定語從句中的用法?，F(xiàn)行詞a business表示地點“公司”，在定語從句中作狀語，故選用where。4C。本題考查“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”的用法。關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中作介詞的賓語時。從句常常由“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引出。介詞的選擇，取決于與現(xiàn)行詞成從句之間的關(guān)系?！霸谟⒄Z劇中扮演角色”應(yīng)為act in the English play，因此關(guān)系代詞which前應(yīng)用介詞in，故本題選

34、C。5B。本題考查非限制性定語從句。非限制性定語從句不能用that引導(dǎo)；關(guān)系詞在定語從句中作及物動詞visited的賓語，故正確答案是B。 6D。本題考查定語從句關(guān)系詞的選擇。本題先行詞是cases，意為“個案”。從句中不缺少主語和賓語。故應(yīng)用where引導(dǎo)定語從句且在從句中作狀語。正確答案是D。7D。whose引導(dǎo)定語從句時，只能用作定語；其他選項均不能構(gòu)成定語從句。8B。引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，而且可以放在句首，這時as用作從句中的主語，代替主句的內(nèi)容。如果把句中的逗號去掉，就可以選A項。 9D。talk的意思是“交談”，是不及物動詞，后面帶賓語就要帶適當?shù)慕樵~，因為定語從句的先行詞是人，一

35、個構(gòu)成talk with sb.結(jié)構(gòu)，且把介詞提前。 10D。通過分析可以知道：that evening是定語從句的先行詞，但是在句子中用作介詞about的賓語，所以不能用when，要用which引導(dǎo)定語從句。 11C。在第一個定語從句中，引導(dǎo)詞作visited的賓語，應(yīng)用關(guān)系代詞作引導(dǎo)詞或省略引導(dǎo)詞；在第二個定語從句中，I是主語，worked是不及物動詞，不能帶賓語，故引導(dǎo)詞作狀語，選where。12D。當先行詞被形容詞的最高級、序數(shù)詞或the only，the very等修飾時，定語從句要用that引導(dǎo)，而不能用which。 13A。引導(dǎo)詞在第一個定語從句中作狀語，在第二個定語從句中作主語

36、。又因that不能引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，故選A。 14A。去掉非限制性定語從句中的插入語I think后，可以看出引導(dǎo)詞在從句中作主語，故選who。 15B。as可單獨引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，指代整個主句的內(nèi)容。其位置可在主句之前，也可在主句之后。 16D。先行詞1949為表示時間的詞，引導(dǎo)詞代替先行詞在從句中作狀語，意為共和國于1949年建立，故選when。 17D。當先行詞為all，everything，nothing，anything，much，little，few等不定代詞時，定語從句常用that而不用which引導(dǎo)。18C。兩句中間為逗號且無連詞，說明選項所在句子是個非限制性定語從句，

37、可排除A、D。在B、C中，根據(jù)主謂一致原則選C。 19B。選項B使兩句之間構(gòu)成并列句，其中that為指示代詞，指代前句內(nèi)容；如將選項所在句子看作非限制性定語從句，則無正確答案。 20A。reason作先行詞時，如引導(dǎo)詞在從句中作狀語，用why引導(dǎo)定語從句；如引導(dǎo)詞在從句中作主語或賓語，用that或which引導(dǎo)定語從句。引導(dǎo)詞在此題中作的是explained的賓語，故選A。 21B。引導(dǎo)詞在從句中作主語。注意：“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”相當于when，在從句中作狀語，what不能引導(dǎo)定語從句。 22B。此題屬于“one of +復(fù)數(shù)名詞+定語從句”結(jié)構(gòu)。在此結(jié)構(gòu)中，如引導(dǎo)詞作主語，one前有the o

38、nly，the very等修飾時，定語從句中的謂語動詞用單數(shù)；如沒有，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)。另外，so far常和現(xiàn)在完成時連用。23C。whose和of which都可作定語表示“誰的”，但whose須放在無定冠詞the的名詞前，of which常放在有定冠詞the的名詞后。例如：China, whose area (the area of which)is about 9,600,000 sq. km., lies in the east of Asia. 中國位于亞洲的東部，它的面積為九百六十萬千方公里。24B。此題屬于“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語從句。先行詞指物時關(guān)系代詞用which，指人時

39、用whom。25D。第一個定語從句相當于the judge gave a prize to the artist。第二個定語從句相當于I have been taught painting for two year by the teacher。26B。which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句指代整個主句內(nèi)容，即清潔工人好幾周沒打掃街道一事。27D。從句的主語和賓語分別是eating，much time，引導(dǎo)詞where在從句中作狀語表示地點。28A。由句意可知，定語從句的先行詞是some pictures而不是some teachers。29C。定語從句相當于he invited all his fr

40、iends to the club。30D。從句的主語family與先行詞anyone有所屬關(guān)系，因此選關(guān)系代詞whose。31B。非限定性定語從句。關(guān)系代詞which代替整個主句。32B。先行詞the small town是地點，且從句謂語grow up是長大成人的意思，不缺句子成分，這里需要一個表地點的副詞when。33D。此句是整個句子作先行詞的非限定性定語從句。關(guān)系代詞which代替整個主句。34D。此句是整個句子作先行詞的非限定性定語從句，of course是插入語，關(guān)系代詞which代替整個主句。35B。在非限定性定語從句中Chinese vase與the price有所屬關(guān)系，the price of which相當于whose price。36A。關(guān)系代詞as有“正如”之意。37D。先行詞是3 months，this，that，same均不能用于介詞前提的定語從句。38A。從句的主語colour與先行詞picture有所屬關(guān)系，所以選