全國大學(xué)英語競賽：詞匯、語法、改錯(cuò)講義講解

1、全國大學(xué)英語競賽：詞匯、語法、改錯(cuò)講義1specific adj. 特殊的，特定的；明確的；詳細(xì)的n. 特性；細(xì)節(jié)；特效藥2cultivate vt. 培養(yǎng)；陶冶；耕作3approximate a.近似的vt.近似4considerable 相當(dāng)大的；重要的，值得考慮的5various 各種各樣的；多方面的6Individual 個(gè)人的；個(gè)別的 n. 個(gè)人，個(gè)體7confident a. 確信的,自信的,有信心的8consequence n. 結(jié)果；重要性；推論9deposit n. 存款；保證金；沉淀物vt. 使沉積；存放vi. 沉淀10complex adj. 復(fù)雜的；合成的n.綜合設(shè)施1

2、1eliminate vt. 消除；排除12aspect n. 方面；面貌；方位，方向；形勢13justice n. 正義,公平,公正,正確,司法,審判14circumstance n. 環(huán)境，境遇；事實(shí)，細(xì)節(jié)；典禮，儀式vt. 使處于某種特定的情況之下15collapse vi. 折疊；倒塌；崩潰；（尤指工作勞累后）坐下vt. 使倒塌；使坍塌；使瓦解n. 垮臺；（身體的）衰弱16音節(jié)劃分：elegantelegant adj.（人或其舉止）優(yōu)美的；漂亮的；簡煉的；簡潔的17exhibition n. 展覽；展覽品，陳列品；表明；18exposure n. 暴露；揭發(fā)；公開；（商品等的）展出1

3、9guilty adj. 內(nèi)疚的；有罪的20prosecute vt.對提起公訴，告發(fā)，檢舉；繼續(xù)從事 w.起訴21transition n.過渡，轉(zhuǎn)變22casualty n.傷亡人員，受害人23pendulum n.擺，鐘擺；搖擺不定的事態(tài)(或局面）24refund n.退款 vt.退還(錢款）25linger v.(因不愿離開而）留戀徘徊；慢消失26converge v.(在一點(diǎn)上)會合；集中；（思想、觀點(diǎn)等)十分相似，相同27associate n伙伴，同事v.(在思想上）把聯(lián)系在一起28royalty n.王族(成員）； (著作的）版稅29dentist n.牙科醫(yī)生30apprec

4、iate vt.欣賞；領(lǐng)會；感謝31commerce n.商業(yè)，貿(mào)易；社交 32arithmetic n.算術(shù)，四則運(yùn)算33dimension n.尺寸,尺度;面積34incline n.斜坡 vt.使傾斜35incidental a. 附帶的,偶然的,容易發(fā)生的36journal n.日報(bào)，雜志；日志37literature n.文學(xué)；文獻(xiàn) 38maximum n.最大量 a.最大的39neighborhood n.鄰居關(guān)系；鄰近40authority n.當(dāng)局，官方；權(quán)力41occupation n.占領(lǐng)，占據(jù)；職業(yè)42relativity n.相關(guān)性；相對性43superficial 表

5、面的；膚淺的 44yield vt.&vi.出產(chǎn) n.產(chǎn)量 45wit n.智力，才智，智能46cunning adj.狡猾的，奸詐的；精巧的；漂亮的，可愛的n.詭計(jì)47descend vt.下來；向下傾斜，向下延伸；遺傳下來；來自，來源于vi.(from)起源（于）；是的后裔；(on)襲擊；(to)把身份降至48architecture n.建筑學(xué)；建筑式樣49exploit vt.開采；開拓；利用（為自己謀利）；剝削n.功績；功勞；勛績50fatal adj.致命的，攸關(guān)的；毀滅性的，嚴(yán)重的；命中注定的；重大的51illegal adj.不合法的，違法的；違反規(guī)則的n.非法移民，非法勞工；

6、間諜52anticipatevt.預(yù)料，預(yù)期，期望53appetite n.食欲，胃口；欲望54valid a.有效的；正當(dāng)?shù)?5weakness n.虛弱，軟弱；弱點(diǎn)56formation n. 形成,構(gòu)成;形成物,結(jié)構(gòu)57sticky a.粘性的；膠粘的58refresh vt.使清新vi.恢復(fù)精神59qualify vt .使具有資格60publication n. 公布；出版；出版物61garment n. 衣服,衣裝,外表62justify vt. 證明是正當(dāng)?shù)?3resist vt. vi. 抵抗,耐得住,抵制,反抗n. 防染劑64rejoice vt. 使歡喜vi. 欣喜,高興,

7、慶祝65quiver n. 震動(dòng),顫抖,箭袋,大群vi. 顫抖,振動(dòng),射中vt. 使顫動(dòng)a. 敏捷的66profit n. 利潤,贏利,利益vi. 有益,獲利,賺錢vt. 有益于67dairy n. 乳酪農(nóng)場,酪農(nóng)業(yè),牛奶場68counsel n. 商議,忠告,法律顧問vi. vt. 商議,勸告69pickpocket n. 扒手70pause vi. 暫停,中止,停頓n. 中止,停頓,躊躇,休止符71offend vt. vi. 犯罪,冒犯,違反72neglect vt. 忽視;疏忽,漏做n. U忽視;疏忽,漏做73carton n. 硬紙盒,紙板箱74mechanic n. 機(jī)械工,技工a

8、. 手工的75bondage n. 奴役,束縛76accuracy n. 準(zhǔn)確,精確度,準(zhǔn)確性77augment vt. vi. 增加,增大n. 增加78grocery n. 食品,雜貨;食品雜貨店79fetch n. 取得,拿,詭計(jì),魂vt. 接來,取來,帶來,演繹出,推出,引出,售得,殺死,吸引80escape vi. 逃跑,逃脫;漏出,流出vt. 逃脫,避免;沒有被注意,被忘掉81emergency n. 緊急情況,突然事件,非常時(shí)刻82affection n. 感情,好感,愛情,慈愛;影響83membership n. 會員的資格,全體會員,會員數(shù)目84atmosphere n. 大氣

9、,空氣,氣氛,大氣層,大氣圈85squeeze n. 緊握,擠,榨,榨取,壓榨,傭金vt. 緊握,擠,榨取vi. 壓榨,榨86snare n. 陷阱,誘惑,圈套vt. 以陷阱捕獲,誘惑87prototype n. 原型88morsel n. 一口,少量,一片89volcano n. 火山90traffic n. 交通,通行,運(yùn)輸,交通量,貿(mào)易,交易,交往,通信量vi. 交易91symbolize vt. 象征,用符號表現(xiàn)vi. 采用象征,使用符號92procession n. 游行,行進(jìn),行列,隊(duì)伍93suck vt. 吸,吮,吸入,吮吸,吸收,獲得vi. 吸,吸奶n. 吸,吸入,吮吸94sp

10、okesman n. 發(fā)言人,代表者95sin n. 罪,犯罪,犯法,過失,失禮vt. vi. 犯 例96sleet n. 雨夾雪vi. 下雨雪,下冰雹97severe a. 嚴(yán)格的,兇猛的,嚴(yán)肅的,嚴(yán)重的,嚴(yán)厲的,樸素的98resign vt. 放棄,辭去;把交托給;使順從vi. 辭職99kernel n. 內(nèi)核n. 核心,中心,精髓100negative a. 否定的,消極的,負(fù)的,陰性的n. 負(fù)數(shù),負(fù)值,否定,否定語1. 2015 C類2. 2014 C類3. 2013 C類31. The new star said to the journalists that she _ the o

11、pportunity to show that she could play a serious film role.A. greetedB. rejoicedC. welcomedD. cheered 32. We havent really _ a solution to the problem yet, which makes the boss really frustrated.A. built upB. fallen back on C. brought overD. come up with33. Personally, I am _ banning cigarette smoki

12、ng completely, especially in public areas.A. in touch withB. apart fromC. in favor ofD. regardless of34. Until a firm agreement has been reached, I am not _ to accepting the offer.A. accustomedB. dedicatedC. committedD. entitled35. The government is making every effort to _ an economic crisis, but i

13、t seems nothing could help.A. eliminateB. avertC. impedeD. swerve36. _ a serious crime, what exactly should you do?A. Unless you witnessB. If you were to witnessC. If only you witnessD. since you witness37. During examinations candidates are always supposed to stay in seats, keep their eyes on the w

14、ork, _ to anyone.A. and not speakB. but could not speakC. rather than speakD. instead of speaking 38. Realizing that he hadnt got enough money and _ to borrow any from his parents, he decided to sell his house.A. wanted notB. not to wantC. wanting notD. not wanting39. Theres no point waiting here an

15、y longer. We _ go and have something to eat.A. can hardlyB. are bound toC. might as wellD. will have to 40. While many people may refer to up-to-minute news, it is unlikely that television and the Internet _ the newspapers completely.A. will replaceB. replaceC. are replacingD. have replaced41. She m

16、arried a very nice young architect from Belfast, _ she met on a bus during her journey to Northern Ireland.A. whoB. whenC. whichD. where42. It is a kind of illness that can result in total blindness if _A. to leave untreatedB. is left untreatedC. leaving untreatedD. left untreated43. -Im so disappoi

17、nted with my son! He just wouldnt practice the piano! -Take it easy. You can lead _ to water, but you cant make it drink.A. a duckB. a horseC. a cowD. a dog44. -Good morning, Madam! Id like some information about the course. -Certainly. _A. Im afraid I dont know more than you either.B. Is there anyt

18、hing I can do for you?C. What exactly would you like to know?D. How much information did you know?45. - How do you feel about countries that dont try to reduce global warming? - _, those countries care more about money than saving the planet.A. As far as Im concernedB. Its none of our businessC. Wer

19、e not to blameD. Things are under control4. 2012 C類5. 2011 C類31. After four days of talks, we are glad to announce that the union and management have reached an_. The agreement is fair and benefits both sides.A. accord B. accomplishment C. identity D. undertaking 32. As the clerk _ prepared my milk

20、shake, I wondered how long she had been working there, mindlessly making ice cream treats in a set order of steps.A. logically B. methodically C. graphically D. synthetically 33. As a boy he wanted to be a fireman. As a high school student, he thought hed like to become a teacher. Now he _ to be not

21、hing more than a janitor.A. assumes B. prescribes C. aspires D. presumes 34. Regardless of what caused it, I am grateful that have finally reached a point in my life_ _I can appreciate my strengths, accept my weaknesses and try to be comfortable with everything in between.A. why B. where C. which D.

22、 what35. _information provided by members of the public, the police would have a much move difficult job.A. Supposing B. Provided the C. If it were not for D. On condition that 36. Peter Brown was a painstaking writer; _, he once spent half a day on the composition of a single sentence.A. On the oth

23、er hand B. Nevertheless C. Moreover D. For example 37. -What am I going to do about a present for Carol? -You_ some flowers.A. might have sent her B. must have sent her B. C. could send her D. would send her38. Without the air holding in some of the suns heat, the earth _ cold at night, too cold for

24、 us to live on.A. will be freezing B. would be freezing C. an be frozen D. would be frozen 39. The students in our university each _ an English dictionary. That is to say, each of the students in our university _ an English dictionary. A. have; has B. have; have C. has; have D. has; has40. Heres you

25、r kitchen. I hope you enjoy cooking here. Is there _ else that you need?A. something B. anything C. nothing D. everything 41. David _ his business partner over plans to reduce the workforce.A. came down to B. broke down to C. fell out with D. went along with 42. _is this piece of equipment to be rem

26、oved from the building. A. On no account B. Absolutely C. Scarcely D. Not at all43. Helens parents were _ that she was still on the job, but she had resigned.A. in doubt B. of the opinion C. under the impression D. with suspicion44. -I dont think I will ever, in my life, win a lottery of five millio

27、n dollars. -Well, _. Anything can happen.A. you made it B. youre kidding C. what you say D. you can never tell45. -How did you find the concert in the Grand Theatre last night? -_ but the conductor was perfect.A. I couldnt agree more B. I didnt think much of it C. I was crazy about it D. I really li

28、ked it6. 2010 C31. When Ian was injured, Harry was chosen as last-minute for the rugby team.A. preference B. diversification C. alternative D. replacement32.Hello, Mr. Brown, Im ringing about our component delivery. Its not arrived yet and its already three oclock in the afternoon. Lets see.its reac

29、h you on Tuesday afternoon.A. owing to B. likely to C. due to D. subject to33. Among the last groups of people to accept the new model were religious groups, who still the idea that the earth was the center of the universe. A. clung to B. applied to C. adapted to D. contributed to34. Although appare

30、ntly rigid, bones exhibit a degree of elasticity that enables the skeleton to considerable impact. A. escape B. overwhelm C. withstand D. suppress35.Would you like me to go to the dentist with you? No, you with me. A. need not to go B. need not go C. do not need go D. not need go36. Lance returned t

31、o cycling and training only five months after he was diagnosed with cancer. A. aggressively B. drastically C. exactly D. initially 37. Great minds generally look at life in a way to themselves. A. peculiar B. confined C. similar D. unusual 38. They called in an electrician he could put a finger on t

32、he cause of the short circuit. A. to hope B. to be hoping C. hoping D. to have hoped 39. The resistance experienced when one body moves over another, it is in contact, is called frictional force. A. to which B. where C. with which D. while 40. Above all, they want to study a question: Are humans act

33、ually aware of the world they live in? A. contrary B. fundamental C. solemn D. progressive 41.Tina, I hear you had a good journey to the Maldives last week, How was it? I enjoyed the beautiful scenery, but the hotel was satisfactory. A. not anything B. nothing from C. nothing but D. anything but 42.

34、 At the beginning of the 20th century, people made coffee a cloth bag full of coffee grounds into boiling water. A. by dumping B. to dump C. for dumping D. that dumped 43. If you Susan recently, youd think the photograph on the right was strange. A. shouldnt contact B. hadnt contact C. werent to con

35、tact D. didnt contact 44. Beata: Ive put the job advertisement in the newspaper, Mr. Trim. Trim: Good. Beata: Well, it was a bit more than the 10 that they quoted us. Trim: As long as it wasnt 10 a day.A. How to schedule it? B. How much was it? C. How often was it put there? D. How about the newspap

36、er?45. Woman: Who is Jackie Tow? I have a parcel here for him. Jackie: Thats me. Woman: Yes, put your name here. Jackie: Thank you. It must be the new pair of shoes I bought online. A. This is the receipt for it. B. Do you have the senders address? C. I have to check the package D. Do I have to sign

37、 for it?7. 2009 C31. The businessmen discussed the contract _ but never actually signed anything.A. at length B. at sea C. at random D. at will32. Accustomed to the coffee from Columbia _ Governor John said that _coffee should always be strong.A./;a B.the;a C.a;a D./;/33._a well-balanced diet, _adeq

38、uate sleep, is needed for good health.A. Alongside; with. B.Not only; but.C. Attached; to . D.Due to; so34._very familiar with inspection reports, I realized that some pages of this one were missing.A. To be B. That was C. Being D. So was35. If you have not signed a contract, you are under no _ to p

39、ay them any money.A. responsibility B. liability C. circumstance D. obligation36. As the market was _ goods, the economy became more balanced, and inflation went down.A. speculated on B. subscribed for C. saturated with D. submitted to37. Surveys show that the majority of passengers are pleased that

40、 an agreement has been reached to forbid smoking on _ flights within the continental United States.A. economical B. commercial C. global D. internal38. The new CEO asked that all inter-office communications _ in writing rather than in person, _ possible.A. have been made; whoever B. would be made; w

41、hicheverC. be made; whenever D. stage bare of scenery39. Written to be performed on a _, Thornton Wilders play Our Town depicts life in a small New England community.A. stage scenery of bare B. bare of stage sceneryC. scenery bare of stage D. stage bare of scenery40._ school policy, the students had

42、 a holiday between Christmas and the New Year.A. On behalf of B. With regard to C. In line with D. In case of41. To sell the house, we made a _ to the buyer by agreeing to put a new roof on it.A. consideration B. commission C. concession D. confirmation42. Never before _ available for quick and easy

43、 access in so many different fields of study.A. so much free information were B. has so much free information beenC. were so much free information D. so much free information has been43. The computer company announced that the new software _ in the first half of next year.A. be released B. will have

44、 released C. would have released D. was going to be released44.Tina: A group of us are going bowling on Tuesday night. Would you like to join us?Joe : I really would , but unfortunately I have a tennis lesson.Tina : Oh, thats too bad. _Joe : Yes, for sure. Thanks for the offer.A. How do you deal wit

45、h that? B. Maybe another time then?C. When will you come back? D. Dont you really like bowling?45. George : Hey, Agnes . How did the Human Resources meeting go? I couldnt make it because I was out at a sales conference.Agnes : Oh, George . _ It turned into a major argument.George : Really ? A .Glad

46、youre back now. B.Youre lucky to have missed it. C.Nice to see you again. D.Youre just on time. 8. 2008 C31. They are looking for _ man with _ long dark hair. He is armed and dangerous. A. a; a B. the; a C. a; / D. /; the32. It was unfortunate, but she had no _ but to act as she did.A. chanceB. oppo

47、rtunityC. option D. solution33. The _ driver thinks that accidents only happen to other people.A. generalB. usualC. commonD. average34. How did they manage to steal the Van Gogh? It was right _ the security guards nose.A. belowB. beforeC. underD. beside35. The student _ continuing his studies when h

48、e had to return to his home country unexpectedly.A. is consideringB. was consideringC. should considerD. has considered36. My friends and I enjoy doing many of the same things. In that respect, we have a lot _.A. in similarB. in particularC. in commonD. in accordance37. Our planned visit to the Unit

49、ed States _ because we were unable to get the visas.A. fell overB. fell downC. fell throughD. fell on38. Lest anyone _ it strange, let me assure you that it is quite true.A. thoughtB. should thinkC. had thoughtD. thinking39. When Sally _ the criminal _ her house, she screamed at the top of her voice

50、 because she didnt want _.A. saw; enter; killedB. saw; enter; to be killedC. sees; entering; be killedD. sees; enter; killing40. Tinas children, _ all live nearby, organized a big party for her eightieth birthday.A. whoB. thatC. whichD. as41. Sometimes it is necessary to be careful _ the right date

51、to sit for a test.A. when choosingB. when you will chooseC. when you have chosenD. when you chose42. Einsteins theory of relativity seemed hard to believe at the time _.A. when he first introducedB. that he first introduced itC. he first introducedD. which he first introduced it43. _ really. I like

52、both public transport and driving.A. On second thoughtsB. I could go either wayC. I will never learn to driveD. But then again44. _ Im getting married!A. Can you keep a secret?B. Well I never!C. Many happy returns.D. Congratulations!45. - So, do you know where youd like to go? - Actually, Ive heard th