人教版英語--主語從句課件

1、 2021/3/112 一、主語從句的定義一、主語從句的定義 二、引導主語從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞二、引導主語從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞 三、主語從句三要素三、主語從句三要素 四、主語從句的注意問題四、主語從句的注意問題 五、練習五、練習 2021/3/113 Related Conception (相關(guān)概念相關(guān)概念) 1.名詞名詞: 表示人或事物的名稱的詞叫名詞。表示人或事物的名稱的詞叫名詞。 2.名詞在句子當中一般可以作什么成分名詞在句子當中一般可以作什么成分 ? 名詞在句中主要作名詞在句中主要作主語、賓語、表語和同位語主語、賓語、表語和同位語 。 Te boy is li Ming. 主語表語 Mr. Liang

2、 , a 24-year-old boy, teaches us English . 主語同位語 賓語 2021/3/114 在英語的句子結(jié)構(gòu)中，本來該由名詞充當?shù)闹髡Z、賓在英語的句子結(jié)構(gòu)中，本來該由名詞充當?shù)闹髡Z、賓 語、表語和同位語，由一個句子來充當語、表語和同位語，由一個句子來充當,這個句子就叫這個句子就叫 名詞性從句。名詞性從句。 什么是名詞性從句什么是名詞性從句? 名詞性從句名詞性從句 主語從句主語從句 ( The Subject Clause) 賓語從句賓語從句 ( The Object Clause) 表語從句表語從句 ( The Predicative Clause) 同位語從

3、句同位語從句 ( The Appositive Clause) 2021/3/115 Grammar 3. To find your way can be a problem. What part does the underlined part serve as in each sentence?What part does the underlined part serve as in each sentence? 2. Smoking is bad for you. 1. You are a student. 4. “How do you do?” is a greeting. 5 .W

4、hat she said is not yet known. 6. That we shall be late is certain. 7. It is certain that we shall be late. subject A sentence serving as subject is called Subject Clause.主語從句主語從句 2021/3/116 主語從句主語從句 充當主語的句子叫充當主語的句子叫主語從句主語從句 How the book will sell depends on its author. That he is the best student i

5、n the class is obvious. 2021/3/117 How you got me blind is still a mystery. That she won the game made her very happy. What he said is not true. What they need is a dictionary. 結(jié)論結(jié)論 主語從句多位于主語從句多位于_ 句首主語的位置句首主語的位置 Try to draw a conclusion. 2021/3/118 Who will go makes no difference. Which is the best

6、 is not certain. Why dinosaurs died out is still unknown. When we will get together has not been decided. How she can keep healthy is a secret. Whether he will come is not very important. Who will go Which is the best Why dinosaurs died out When we will get together How she can keep healthy Whether

7、he will come 找出主語從句找出主語從句 2021/3/119 引導主語從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞有三類：引導主語從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞有三類： 1) 從屬連詞從屬連詞that 如如: That they were true sisters was clear from the facial resemblance between them. 很明顯很明顯, 她們確是親姐妹她們確是親姐妹, 她們的臉型很相似她們的臉型很相似。 NOTE: that 不可省，無意義，起連接作用；從句結(jié)構(gòu)完整。不可省，無意義，起連接作用；從句結(jié)構(gòu)完整。 2) 從屬連詞從屬連詞whether Whether hell come h

8、ere isnt clear. 他是否會來這里還不清楚。他是否會來這里還不清楚。 3) 連接代詞連接代詞who, whom, whose, what, which, whoever, whatever, whichever, 連接副詞連接副詞 where, when, how, why。 What she did is not yet known. 她干了什么尚不清楚。她干了什么尚不清楚。 How this happened is not clear to anyone. 這事怎樣發(fā)生的這事怎樣發(fā)生的, 誰也不誰也不 清楚。清楚。 Whoever comes is welcome. 不論誰來都

9、歡迎。不論誰來都歡迎。 2021/3/1110 4)4)有時用有時用itit作形式主語，將主語從作形式主語，將主語從 句后置句后置, , 這樣做是為了避免句子頭這樣做是為了避免句子頭 重腳輕。重腳輕。 常用句型如下：常用句型如下： It+ be +名詞名詞+ that 從句從句 It+ be + 形容詞形容詞+ that從句從句 It+ be + 動詞的過去分詞動詞的過去分詞+ that從句從句 It+ be + 不及物動詞不及物動詞+ that從句從句 2021/3/1111 由由that 引導的主語從句有時為了使句子結(jié)構(gòu)平引導的主語從句有時為了使句子結(jié)構(gòu)平 衡衡, 避免避免 “頭重腳輕頭重

10、腳輕”, 常用常用 it 作作形式主語形式主語, 而而 把從句放在后面。把從句放在后面。 例如例如: 1. That he will refuse this piece of advice is impossible. _ _ 2.That they should like each other is natural. _ *it為形式主語為形式主語 It is natural that they should like each other. It is impossible that he will refuse this piece of advice. 2021/3/1112 這樣就構(gòu)

11、成了下面一些常用句型這樣就構(gòu)成了下面一些常用句型: 1) It is + n. +從句從句 It is a pity/shame that. 遺憾的是遺憾的是 It is a surprise that令人驚奇的是令人驚奇的是 It is a fact that 是事實是事實 It is common knowledge that 是常識是常識 *_(很遺憾很遺憾)we lost the match. *_(這是事實這是事實)he cheated in the exam. It is a pity that It is a fact that 2021/3/1113 2) It is + ad

12、j. +從句從句 Its certain that 肯定肯定 It is possible that. 很可能很可能 It is unlikely that. 不可能不可能 It is obvious that 很明顯很明顯 It is necessary important natural. that *_(很可能很可能)she will come back tomorrow. *_(很明顯很明顯)this measure is effective. +(should) +do It is possible that It is obvious that 2021/3/1114 3) It

13、+ be +過去分詞過去分詞+從句從句 It is said that. 據(jù)說據(jù)說 It is known to all that. 眾所周知眾所周知 It is reported that. 據(jù)報道據(jù)報道 It is believed that.據(jù)信據(jù)信;人們相信人們相信 It is suggested that + (should）do. 建議建議 It must be admitted that必須承認必須承認 It cannot be denied that 不可否認不可否認 It must be pointed out that需指出的是需指出的是 *_(據(jù)報道據(jù)報道)20 peop

14、le were killed in the accident. *_(建議建議)we should eat more vegetable and do more exercise. It is reported that It is suggested that 2021/3/1115 4) It +不及物動詞不及物動詞+從句從句 It happened that. 碰巧碰巧 It occurred to me that 我突然想起我突然想起 It appears that 似乎似乎 *_(剛好剛好)I came into the office at that time. *_(我突然想起我突

15、然想起)I forget to send the letter. It happened that It occurred to me that 2021/3/1116 主語從句三要素主語從句三要素 he became a great scientist is known to us all. what you told me is true. How 從句用從句用陳述語序陳述語序 謂語動詞一般用謂語動詞一般用單數(shù)單數(shù) 不能省略關(guān)聯(lián)詞不能省略關(guān)聯(lián)詞 2021/3/1117 主語從句的注意問題主語從句的注意問題 1.一個句子作主語時，主句的謂語動詞應(yīng)為一個句子作主語時，主句的謂語動詞應(yīng)為 單數(shù)。

16、單數(shù)。 Whether he will come depends on the weather. 2. what 引導的句子作主語時，謂語動詞的引導的句子作主語時，謂語動詞的 數(shù)由句子的內(nèi)容決定（即由表語決定數(shù)由句子的內(nèi)容決定（即由表語決定)。 What I want is money. What we need are good books What he said is reasonable. What we will do hasnt been decided. 2021/3/1118 3. where he was born and where he lives now are not

17、 clear. eg:Where and when he was born remains a secret. 注意：注意：兩個或兩個以上的主從聯(lián)合兩個或兩個以上的主從聯(lián)合做主語，主句謂做主語，主句謂 語動詞應(yīng)為復數(shù)。語動詞應(yīng)為復數(shù)。 兩個或兩個以上的連詞引導一個從句兩個或兩個以上的連詞引導一個從句，主句謂語動，主句謂語動 詞應(yīng)為單數(shù)。詞應(yīng)為單數(shù)。 4. whether he will come isnt clear.(不能換成不能換成if) eg:It isnt clear whether /if he will come . (可以與可以與if進進 行替換行替換) 注意：如果主語從句放在句

18、首，不能用注意：如果主語從句放在句首，不能用if引導，但引導，但 是如果用是如果用it 做形式主語，而把主語從句放在句末時，做形式主語，而把主語從句放在句末時， 也可以用也可以用if引導引導. 2021/3/1119 5.what 與與that 在引導主語從句時的區(qū)別在引導主語從句時的區(qū)別 what 引導主語從句時在從句中充當引導主語從句時在從句中充當 句子成分句子成分, 如主語、賓語、表語如主語、賓語、表語, 而而that 則不然。則不然。 1) What you said yesterday is right. 2) That she is still alive is a consola

19、tion. that雖無詞義但引導主語從句位于句首時不能省略。雖無詞義但引導主語從句位于句首時不能省略。 2021/3/1120 (3) That more and more students are admitted into universities is true. 譯為：譯為：_ _ (4) What is needed for the program is more wisdom. 譯為：譯為：_ 這個項目所需要的是更多的智慧。這個項目所需要的是更多的智慧。 越來越多的學生將被大學錄取越來越多的學生將被大學錄取 的消息是真實的。的消息是真實的。 2021/3/1121 從上面例句可以

20、看出，從上面例句可以看出，that引導主語從句時，在句中具引導主語從句時，在句中具 有有“兩不兩不”原則：原則： 一、不作句子成分；一、不作句子成分； 二、沒有實際意義。二、沒有實際意義。 當它當它引導的主語從句置于句首時，引導的主語從句置于句首時，that不能省略不能省略； 如果如果用用it作形式主語，而把主語從句放在句末時，作形式主語，而把主語從句放在句末時，that 可以省略可以省略。 而而what引導的從句則恰恰相反，引導的從句則恰恰相反，what在從句中的作用在從句中的作用 為：為： 一、作句子成分；一、作句子成分； 二、除了起到引導從句的作用外還要承擔具體的意義二、除了起到引導從句

21、的作用外還要承擔具體的意義 2021/3/1122 _ he made an important speech at the meeting was true. A. That B. Why C. What D. How 2. _well go camping tomorrow depends on the weather . A. If B .Whether C .That D. Where 3._ is known to us all is that America is a developed country. A. Which B. As C. What D. It 2021/3/11

22、23 4. Its known to us all _ a form of energy . A. water is B. that water is C. is water D. that water to 5. It worried her a bit _ her hair was turning gray. A. whether B. That C. what D. when 6.What I say and think _ none of your business. A. is B. are C. has D have 2021/3/1124 7. _makes this shop

23、different is that it offers more personal services. A What B Who C Whatever D Whoever 2021/3/1125 6. Whatever and whoever Whatever=anything that Whoever=anyone who 不管是誰犯了法不管是誰犯了法, 他都應(yīng)該受到懲罰。他都應(yīng)該受到懲罰。 Whoever breaks the law should be punished.=Anyone who breaks the law should be punished. 2021/3/1126

24、4. These wild flowers are so special that I would do_ I can to save them. A whatever B that C which D whichever 2021/3/1127 7. 用于用于It is important / natural / necessary / impossible that.句型中句型中, 主主 語從句應(yīng)使用虛擬語氣語從句應(yīng)使用虛擬語氣, 謂語動詞用謂語動詞用 “should + 動詞原形動詞原形”的形式的形式, should有有 時有感情色彩。時有感情色彩。 It be suggested/ a

25、dvised/ ordered/requested that sb (should) do sth 2021/3/1128 【常見錯誤展示常見錯誤展示】下列各句均有一處下列各句均有一處 錯誤，請改正并分析錯誤的原因。錯誤，請改正并分析錯誤的原因。 1. Light travels faster than sound is common knowledge. 2. If shes coming or not doesnt matter much. Thatthat雖無詞義但引導主語從句位于雖無詞義但引導主語從句位于 句首時不能省略。句首時不能省略。 Whether if, whether都可表示

26、都可表示“是否是否”, 但但if不能引不能引 導位于主句之前的主語從句，它可以引導導位于主句之前的主語從句，它可以引導 位于主句之后帶有形式主語位于主句之后帶有形式主語it的主語從句。的主語從句。 2021/3/1129 3. That the professor said is of great importance. 4. Where will the trees be planted has not been decided. What that引導主語從句時無詞義。引導主語從句時無詞義。What the professor said表示表示“教授所說的教授所說的”。 將將will置于置于trees之后。主語從句要之后。主語從句要 用陳述句語序。用陳述句語序。 2021/3/1130 5. No matter who bre