畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)-基于AT89C52單片機(jī)的發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)速電控系統(tǒng)程序設(shè)計(jì)及仿真

1、 發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)速電控系統(tǒng)程序設(shè)計(jì)及仿真目 錄摘要 21 引言 32 方案設(shè)計(jì) 42.1 系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)方案論證 4 2.1.1第一方案 42.1.2 第二方案 42.2第二方案的總體設(shè)計(jì)框圖 43 系統(tǒng)硬件部分 53.1主控芯片 53.2 濾波電路及LM324芯片 73.3 顯示設(shè)備 83.4 控制執(zhí)行機(jī)構(gòu)94系統(tǒng)軟件設(shè)計(jì)104.1 設(shè)計(jì)思路104.2 程序流程圖105 系統(tǒng)仿真與調(diào)試125.1 Proteus仿真軟件125.2 仿真圖建立125.3 仿真調(diào)試結(jié)果14結(jié)論 18致謝 19參考文獻(xiàn) 20附錄A 原理圖 21附錄B 程序編譯圖 22附錄C 仿真圖 23附錄D 程序代碼 25摘 要現(xiàn)在汽車的安

2、全性很重要，發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)的轉(zhuǎn)速高低也在安全的范圍之列。本文介紹用AT89C52單片機(jī)設(shè)計(jì)制作發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)速電控系統(tǒng),僅需AT89C52最小系統(tǒng),外接一個(gè)LCD1602、濾波電路和作為控制機(jī)構(gòu)的電動(dòng)機(jī)。這樣就能夠?qū)Πl(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)速進(jìn)行檢測(cè)并相應(yīng)控制電機(jī)運(yùn)作，并將轉(zhuǎn)速顯示在LCD1602上。關(guān)鍵詞：轉(zhuǎn)速 單片機(jī) 顯示 控制 LCD16021 引 言 1.1 問(wèn)題的提出 目前汽車上轉(zhuǎn)速表顯示過(guò)于復(fù)雜，并且處于安全的考慮，要用單片機(jī)知識(shí)及常見(jiàn)的元器件搭建出能檢測(cè)汽車發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)或者其它裝置的轉(zhuǎn)速，并相應(yīng)的進(jìn)行控制將其顯示在監(jiān)視員的視野之內(nèi)，這樣將減少因發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)速而造成的人身危害。1.2 任務(wù)與分析 本文是應(yīng)用MCS-51單

3、片機(jī)原理和控制理論設(shè)計(jì)發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)速檢測(cè)并控制的硬件電路，利用C語(yǔ)言進(jìn)行程序設(shè)計(jì)。通過(guò)檢測(cè)單片機(jī)的外部中斷觸發(fā)信號(hào)來(lái)啟動(dòng)內(nèi)部的定時(shí)器定時(shí)兩個(gè)信號(hào)之間的時(shí)間，所得時(shí)間在程序中進(jìn)行加權(quán)濾波、轉(zhuǎn)換，最后將轉(zhuǎn)速在LCD上顯示，以此提醒駕駛?cè)藛T注意發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)的轉(zhuǎn)速。2 方案設(shè)計(jì)2.1 發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)速電控系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)方案論證2.1.1 第一方案本設(shè)計(jì)程序采用定時(shí)計(jì)數(shù)器0定時(shí)一段時(shí)間，在此段時(shí)間內(nèi)設(shè)置定時(shí)器計(jì)數(shù)1對(duì)外部進(jìn)行計(jì)數(shù)，最后將所得的個(gè)數(shù)進(jìn)行濾波、轉(zhuǎn)換，最后在數(shù)碼管上顯示。但是，這種方案采用數(shù)碼管顯示，較為復(fù)雜。第二方案與方案一相比，本方案將轉(zhuǎn)速在LCD上顯示并相應(yīng)的控制其執(zhí)行機(jī)構(gòu)。這種設(shè)計(jì)顯示部分很簡(jiǎn)潔，系統(tǒng)穩(wěn)定性

4、較高。2.2 第二方案的總體設(shè)計(jì)框圖本設(shè)計(jì)采用89C52作為主控芯片，通過(guò)濾波電路處理輸入信號(hào)，LCD作為輸出設(shè)備顯示轉(zhuǎn)速。其中P3.2作為信號(hào)的輸入，P1口用作LCD的數(shù)據(jù)線，P2.5、P2.6、P2.7口用作LCD的控制信號(hào)。設(shè)計(jì)框圖如圖一所示。圖2.1 發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)速電控系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)框圖3 系統(tǒng)硬件介紹3.1 主控芯片設(shè)計(jì)中所采用主控芯片為AT89C52。因其價(jià)格便宜，在市場(chǎng)上已經(jīng)很成熟，各個(gè)方面都能夠滿足設(shè)計(jì)要求故選擇它。其采用標(biāo)準(zhǔn)雙列直插式引腳DIP-40大規(guī)模集成電路封裝。它的引腳排列如下圖3.1所示圖3.1AT89C52的引腳排列引腳介紹：VCC：供電電壓。GND：接地。P0口：P0口為

5、一個(gè)8位漏級(jí)開路雙向I/O口，每腳可吸收8TTL門電流。當(dāng)P1口的管腳第一次寫1時(shí)，被定義為高阻輸入。P0能夠用于外部程序數(shù)據(jù)存儲(chǔ)器，它可以被定義為數(shù)據(jù)/地址的第八位。在FIASH編程時(shí)，P0 口作為原碼輸入口，當(dāng)FIASH進(jìn)行校驗(yàn)時(shí)，P0輸出原碼，此時(shí)P0外部必須被拉高。P1口：P1口是一個(gè)內(nèi)部提供上拉電阻的8位雙向I/O口，P1口緩沖器能接收輸出4TTL門電流。P1口管腳寫入1后，被內(nèi)部上拉為高，可用作輸入，P1口被外部下拉為低電平時(shí)，將輸出電流，這是由于內(nèi)部上拉的緣故。在FLASH編程和校驗(yàn)時(shí)，P1口作為第八位地址接收。 P2口：P2口為一個(gè)內(nèi)部上拉電阻的8位雙向I/O口，P2口緩沖器可

6、接收，輸出4個(gè)TTL門電流，當(dāng)P2口被寫“1”時(shí)，其管腳被內(nèi)部上拉電阻拉高，且作為輸入。并因此作為輸入時(shí)，P2口的管腳被外部拉低，將輸出電流。這是由于內(nèi)部上拉的緣故。P2口當(dāng)用于外部程序存儲(chǔ)器或16位地址外部數(shù)據(jù)存儲(chǔ)器進(jìn)行存取時(shí)，P2口輸出地址的高八位。在給出地址“1”時(shí)，它利用內(nèi)部上拉優(yōu)勢(shì)，當(dāng)對(duì)外部八位地址數(shù)據(jù)存儲(chǔ)器進(jìn)行讀寫時(shí)，P2口輸出其特殊功能寄存器的內(nèi)容。P2口在FLASH編程和校驗(yàn)時(shí)接收高八位地址信號(hào)和控制信號(hào)。P3口： P3口管腳是8個(gè)帶內(nèi)部上拉電阻的雙向I/O口，可接收輸出4個(gè)TTL門電流。當(dāng)P3口寫入“1”后，它們被內(nèi)部上拉為高電平，并用作輸入。作為輸入，由于外部下拉為低電平，

7、P3口將輸出電流（ILL）這是由于上拉的緣故。P3口也可作為AT89C51的一些特殊功能口，如下表所示：P3口管腳 備選功能:P3.0 RXD（串行輸入口）P3.1 TXD（串行輸出口）P3.2 INT0（外部中斷0）P3.3 INT1（外部中斷1）P3.4 T0（記時(shí)器0外部輸入）P3.5 T1（記時(shí)器1外部輸入）P3.6 WR（外部數(shù)據(jù)存儲(chǔ)器寫選通）P3.7 RD（外部數(shù)據(jù)存儲(chǔ)器讀選通）P3口同時(shí)為閃爍編程和編程校驗(yàn)接收一些控制信號(hào)。RST：復(fù)位輸入。當(dāng)振蕩器復(fù)位器件時(shí)，要保持RST腳兩個(gè)機(jī)器周期的高電平時(shí)間。ALE/PROG：當(dāng)訪問(wèn)外部存儲(chǔ)器時(shí)，地址鎖存允許的輸出電平用于鎖存地址的地位字

8、節(jié)。在FLASH編程期間，此引腳用于輸入編程脈沖。在平時(shí)，ALE端以不變的頻率周期輸出正脈沖信號(hào)，此頻率為振蕩器頻率的1/6。因此它可用作對(duì)外部輸出的脈沖或用于定時(shí)目的。然而要注意的是：每當(dāng)用作外部數(shù)據(jù)存儲(chǔ)器時(shí)，將跳過(guò)一個(gè)ALE脈沖。如想禁止ALE的輸出可在SFR8EH地址上置0。此時(shí)， ALE只有在執(zhí)行MOVX，MOVC指令是ALE才起作用。另外，該引腳被略微拉高。如果微處理器在外部執(zhí)行狀態(tài)ALE禁止，置位無(wú)效。PSEN： 外部程序存儲(chǔ)器的選通信號(hào)。在由外部程序存儲(chǔ)器取指期間，每個(gè)機(jī)器周期兩次/PSEN有效。但在訪問(wèn)外部數(shù)據(jù)存儲(chǔ)器時(shí)，這兩次有效的/PSEN信號(hào)將不出現(xiàn)。EA/VPP：當(dāng)/EA

9、保持低電平時(shí)，則在此期間外部程序存儲(chǔ)器（0000H-FFFFH），不管是否有內(nèi)部程序存儲(chǔ)器。注意加密方式1時(shí)，/EA將內(nèi)部鎖定為RESET；當(dāng)/EA端保持高電平時(shí)，此間內(nèi)部程序存儲(chǔ)器。在FLASH編程期間，此引腳也用于施加12V編程電源（VPP）。XTAL1：反向振蕩放大器的輸入及內(nèi)部時(shí)鐘工作電路的輸入。XTAL2：來(lái)自反向振蕩器的輸出。振蕩器特性: XTAL1和XTAL2分別為反向放大器的輸入和輸出。該反向放大器可以配置為片內(nèi)振蕩器。石晶振蕩和陶瓷振蕩均可采用。如采用外部時(shí)鐘源驅(qū)動(dòng)器件，XTAL2應(yīng)不接。有余輸入至內(nèi)部時(shí)鐘信號(hào)要通過(guò)一個(gè)二分頻觸發(fā)器，因此對(duì)外部時(shí)鐘信號(hào)的脈寬無(wú)任何要求，但必須

10、保證脈沖的高低電平要求的寬度。圖3.2 系統(tǒng)最小系統(tǒng)3.2 濾波電路及LM324芯片LM324芯片是差動(dòng)輸入的四運(yùn)算放大器。該運(yùn)放放大器可以工作在低到3.0伏或者高到32伏的電源下，靜態(tài)電流為MC1741的靜態(tài)電流的五分之一。共模輸入范圍包括負(fù)電源，因而消除了在許多應(yīng)用場(chǎng)合中采用外部偏置元件的必要性。每一組運(yùn)算放大器可用圖三所示的符號(hào)來(lái)表示，它有5個(gè)引出腳，其中“+”、“-”為兩個(gè)信號(hào)輸入端，“V+”、“V-”為正、負(fù)電源端，“Vo”為輸出端。兩個(gè)信號(hào)輸入端中，Vi-為反相輸入端，表示運(yùn)放輸出端Vo的信號(hào)與該輸入端的相位相反；Vi+為同相輸入端，表示運(yùn)放輸出端Vo的信號(hào)與該輸入端的相位相同。圖

11、3.3 LM324管腳圖霍爾傳感器輸出信號(hào)為正弦信號(hào)，而單片機(jī)只能處理高低電平信號(hào)，為此必須將正弦信號(hào)轉(zhuǎn)換成TTL電平信號(hào)。設(shè)計(jì)中利用LM324的比較作用將輸入信號(hào)與參考電壓進(jìn)行比較，到大于時(shí)LM324輸出端為高電平，否則為低電平。由于LM324為模擬器件，其驅(qū)動(dòng)能力不足。設(shè)計(jì)中在輸入端串聯(lián)了一片74LS04的六非門芯片，提高輸入的驅(qū)動(dòng)能力，以便于單片機(jī)處理。圖3.4 信號(hào)輸入濾波電路3.3 顯示設(shè)備圖3.5 轉(zhuǎn)速顯示設(shè)備LCD16023.3 控制執(zhí)行機(jī)構(gòu)通過(guò)汽車?yán)碚撝R(shí)學(xué)習(xí)，我們知道汽車發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)不能超過(guò)某一轉(zhuǎn)速。如果長(zhǎng)期在高轉(zhuǎn)速下運(yùn)作，對(duì)汽車發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)的壽命將大打折扣。為此，防止發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)高速情況發(fā)生

12、，系統(tǒng)特意采用LED作為顯示燈，提醒駕駛員此時(shí)發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)高轉(zhuǎn)速運(yùn)行情況，使其做相應(yīng)的處理。同時(shí)電機(jī)運(yùn)作，將控制汽車油路的電磁閥逐漸閉合，使供油減小，發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)速降低，直至電磁閥完全閉合，停止供油。圖3.6 控制機(jī)構(gòu)及指示燈原理圖4 系統(tǒng)軟件設(shè)計(jì)4.1 設(shè)計(jì)思路利用80C52單片機(jī)內(nèi)部的定時(shí)計(jì)數(shù)器和外部中斷功能，通過(guò)檢測(cè)P3.2端口的信號(hào)啟動(dòng)定時(shí)計(jì)數(shù)器進(jìn)行計(jì)時(shí)，當(dāng)下一次觸發(fā)信號(hào)到來(lái)時(shí)，定時(shí)器停止計(jì)時(shí)并保存當(dāng)前值。再啟動(dòng)定時(shí)器計(jì)時(shí)，如此循環(huán)。保存值達(dá)到五次后，對(duì)其進(jìn)行加權(quán)濾波處理。最后將所得的值賦給數(shù)碼管顯示。當(dāng)轉(zhuǎn)速值大于設(shè)定值時(shí)，控制電機(jī)運(yùn)作，指示燈亮。4.2 程序流程圖圖4.1主程序流程圖圖4.2定

13、時(shí)器0中斷函數(shù)流程圖圖4.3外部中斷函數(shù)流程圖5 系統(tǒng)仿真與調(diào)試5.1 Proteus軟件介紹系統(tǒng)采用Proteus軟件來(lái)進(jìn)行程序的仿真，這款軟件是英國(guó)Labcenter electronics公司出版的EDA工具軟件。它不僅具有其它EDA工具軟件的仿真功能，還能仿真單片機(jī)及外圍器件。它是目前最好的仿真單片機(jī)及外圍器件的工具。雖然目前國(guó)內(nèi)推廣剛起步，但已受到單片機(jī)愛(ài)好者、從事單片機(jī)教學(xué)的教師、致力于單片機(jī)開發(fā)應(yīng)用的科技工作者的青睞。5.2 仿真圖建立系統(tǒng)采用Proteus軟件進(jìn)行仿真，利用軟件自帶的仿真模塊建立系統(tǒng)的仿真圖。圖5.1為發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)速電控系統(tǒng)的最小系統(tǒng)圖。圖5.1 主控芯片仿真由于汽

14、車上常用的轉(zhuǎn)速傳感器為霍爾式，集成的傳感器其輸出的信號(hào)為脈沖信號(hào)。在仿真中，采用霍爾傳感器的原始信號(hào)即正弦信號(hào)來(lái)作為輸入信號(hào)，利用LM324芯片的比較功能對(duì)其進(jìn)行濾波處理將其轉(zhuǎn)換成對(duì)應(yīng)的脈沖信號(hào)。圖5.2為濾波轉(zhuǎn)換電路。圖5.2 系統(tǒng)濾波轉(zhuǎn)換電路系統(tǒng)采用LCD1602作為顯示器件，其具體的仿真連接圖如下。圖5.3 系統(tǒng)的顯示器件當(dāng)系統(tǒng)檢測(cè)完后得到轉(zhuǎn)速大于我所設(shè)定的值時(shí)，控制執(zhí)行機(jī)構(gòu)運(yùn)作同時(shí)指示燈將會(huì)點(diǎn)亮。當(dāng)轉(zhuǎn)速正常（小于設(shè)定值）時(shí)，電機(jī)停止工作，指示燈滅。在仿真中我選用直流電機(jī)作為執(zhí)行機(jī)構(gòu)。圖5.5 執(zhí)行機(jī)構(gòu)仿真圖5.3 仿真調(diào)試結(jié)果圖5.5，圖5.6，圖5.7分別表示在不同的輸入頻率下，對(duì)應(yīng)

15、的LCD顯示的轉(zhuǎn)速情況及電機(jī)運(yùn)作情況。圖5.6 仿真圖（一）當(dāng)調(diào)節(jié)信號(hào)發(fā)生器改變輸入的頻率值時(shí)，單片機(jī)通過(guò)對(duì)其進(jìn)行計(jì)數(shù)并運(yùn)算處理，在數(shù)碼管上面對(duì)應(yīng)的顯示當(dāng)前值。調(diào)節(jié)信號(hào)發(fā)生器為圖5.6所示即為18HZ時(shí)，LCD顯示值為1080r/min，其值和18*60=1080相同。仿真結(jié)果正確。圖5.7 仿真圖（二）當(dāng)調(diào)節(jié)信號(hào)發(fā)生器為50HZ時(shí)，LCD顯示為3006r/min，這和理論值50*60=3000有一定誤差?；緷M足設(shè)計(jì)要求。圖5.8 仿真圖（三）繼續(xù)調(diào)節(jié)信號(hào)發(fā)生器的頻率時(shí)直到超過(guò)設(shè)定值8000r/min時(shí)，電機(jī)將會(huì)轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)，由于此為動(dòng)態(tài)效果，我們可以從三極管基極為高電平可以判斷出此情況，并且指示燈

16、將點(diǎn)亮。此時(shí)輸入頻率為140HZ，輸出為8450r/min，其和理論140*60=8400r/min有一定誤差，在設(shè)計(jì)要求范圍內(nèi)。結(jié)論致謝參考文獻(xiàn)1 徐崢?lè)f編著.Protel99SE EDA 技術(shù)及應(yīng)用M.北京：機(jī)械工業(yè)出版社，2005.2 張靖武編著.單片機(jī)系統(tǒng)的protues設(shè)計(jì)與仿真M.北京：電子工業(yè)出版社，2007.3 李朝青編著.單片機(jī)原理及接口技術(shù)M.北京：北京航空航天大學(xué)出版社，2005.4 邊春遠(yuǎn)編著.MCS-51單片機(jī)應(yīng)用開發(fā)實(shí)用子程序M.北京：人民郵電出版社，2005.5 劉守義編著.單片機(jī)應(yīng)用技術(shù)M.西安：西安電子科技大學(xué)出版社，2002.6 韓志軍編著.單片機(jī)應(yīng)用系統(tǒng)設(shè)

17、計(jì)M.北京：機(jī)械工業(yè)出版社，2005.7 張毅剛，劉喜元編著.新編MCS-51單片機(jī)應(yīng)用設(shè)計(jì)M.哈爾濱：哈爾濱工業(yè)大學(xué)出版社，2003.8 唐嵐編著.汽車測(cè)試技術(shù)M.北京：機(jī)械工業(yè)出版社，2006.附錄A：原理圖附錄B：程序編譯附錄C：仿真圖附錄D：程序代碼#include #define uchar unsigned char#define uint unsigned intsbit LED=P31;sbit MO=P33;bit Flag; /第一次中斷標(biāo)志bit Flag_s; /轉(zhuǎn)換標(biāo)志sbit E=P25;sbit RW=P26;sbit RS=P27;uchar COUNT; /溢

18、出次數(shù)unsigned long T5;uchar W5=1,2,3,4,5; /權(quán)值void Init(void);unsigned int Smooth(void);void delay(uint N);void write_cmd(uchar cmd);void write_data(uchar date);void LCD_Init();void LCD_Disp(uint d);void Write_Datas(uchar address,uchar Wdata);/-/ 主函數(shù)/-void main(void)uchar msg114=Current Rev is;uchar ms

19、g214= r/min ;uint i,dis_dat;Flag=0;Flag_s=0;COUNT=0;dis_dat=0;Init();LCD_Init();EA=1;write_cmd(0x80);for(i=0;i14;i+)write_data(msg1i);write_cmd(0x80+0x40);for(i=0;i8000)LED=0;MO=1;elseLED=1;MO=0; LCD_Disp(dis_dat);void delay(uint N)/延時(shí)N毫秒子程序uint x,y;for(x=N;x0;x-)for(y=110;y0;y-);void write_cmd(ucha

20、r cmd)/寫指令子程序RS=0;RW=0;P1=cmd;delay(1);E=1;delay(1);E=0;void write_data(uchar date)/寫數(shù)據(jù)子程序RS=1;RW=0;P1=date;delay(1);E=1;delay(1);E=0;void LCD_init()E=0; write_cmd(0x38);/5*7點(diǎn)陣字符write_cmd(0x0c);/整體顯示,關(guān)光標(biāo),不閃爍write_cmd(0x06);/AC自動(dòng)增一，畫面不動(dòng)write_cmd(0x01);/清屏write_cmd(0x80);/設(shè)置DDRAM地址void Write_Datas(uch

21、ar address,uchar Wdata)write_cmd(0x80+address);write_data(0x30+Wdata);/寫數(shù)據(jù)void LCD_Disp(uint d) unsigned char dd4,i;dd0=d/1000;dd1=d%1000/100;dd2=d%1000%100/10;dd3=d%10;for(i=0;i4;i+)Write_Datas(0x42+i,ddi);/-/名稱：定時(shí)器，中斷初始化/功能：定時(shí)器0采用16位，中斷下降沿觸發(fā)/-void Init(void)TMOD=0x01;EX0=1;ET0=1;IT0=1;/-/名稱：濾波函數(shù)/功

22、能：加權(quán)濾波，權(quán)值1,2,3,4,5/- unsigned int Smooth(void)uchar i;uint dat;float sum;float avg;sum=0;for(i=0;i9999)dat=9999;return dat;/-/外部中斷0的中斷函數(shù)/-void INT(void) interrupt 0if(Flag)static unsigned char m=0; Tm=TH0*256+TL0+65536*COUNT;TH0=0;TL0=0;COUNT=0;m+;if(m=5)m=0;Flag_s=1;elseFlag=1;TH0=0;TL0=0;TR0=1;/-/

23、定時(shí)器0的中斷函數(shù)/-void Time(void) interrupt 1COUNT+;TH0=0;TL0=0;g an employment tribunal claiEmployment tribunals sort out disagreements between employers and employees.You may need to make a claim to an employment tribunal if: you dont agree with the disciplinary action your employer has taken against you

24、 your employer dismisses you and you think that you have been dismissed unfairly.For more information about dismissal and unfair dismissal, seeDismissal.You can make a claim to an employment tribunal, even if you haventappealedagainst the disciplinary action your employer has taken against you. Howe

25、ver, if you win your case, the tribunal may reduce any compensation awarded to you as a result of your failure to appeal.Remember that in most cases you must make an application to an employment tribunal within three months of the date when the event you are complaining about happened. If your appli

26、cation is received after this time limit, the tribunal will not usually accept i.If you are worried about how the time limits apply to you, take advice from one of the organisations listed underFurther help.Employment tribunals are less formal than some other courts, but it is still a legal process

27、and you will need to give evidence under an oath or affirmation.Most people find making a claim to an employment tribunal challenging. If you are thinking about making a claim to an employment tribunal, you should get help straight away from one of the organisations listed underFurther help.If you a

28、re being represented by a solicitor at the tribunal, they may ask you to sign an agreement where you pay their fee out of your compensation if you win the case. This is known as adamages-based agreement. In England and Wales, your solicitor cant charge you more than 35% of your compensation if you w

29、in the case.If you are thinking about signing up for a damages-based agreement, you should make sure youre clear about the terms of the agreement. It might be best to get advice from an experienced adviser, for example, at a Citizens Advice Bureau. To find your nearest CAB, including those that give

30、 advice by e-mail, click onnearest CAB.For more information about making a claim to an employment tribunal, seeEmployment tribunals.The (lack of) air up there Watch mCayman Islands-based Webb, the head of Fifas anti-racism taskforce, is in London for the Football Associations 150th anniversary celeb

31、rations and will attend Citys Premier League match at Chelsea on Sunday.I am going to be at the match tomorrow and I have asked to meet Yaya Toure, he told BBC Sport.For me its about how he felt and I would like to speak to him first to find out what his experience was.Uefa hasopened disciplinary pr

32、oceedings against CSKAfor the racist behaviour of their fans duringCitys 2-1 win.Michel Platini, president of European footballs governing body, has also ordered an immediate investigation into the referees actions.CSKA said they were surprised and disappointed by Toures complaint. In a statement th

33、e Russian side added: We found no racist insults from fans of CSKA.Age has reached the end of the beginning of a word. May be guilty in his seems to passing a lot of different life became the appearance of the same day; May be back in the past, to oneself the paranoid weird belief disillusionment, t

34、hese days, my mind has been very messy, in my mind constantly. Always feel oneself should go to do something, or write something. Twenty years of life trajectory deeply shallow, suddenly feel something, do it.一字開頭的年齡已經(jīng)到了尾聲。或許是愧疚于自己似乎把轉(zhuǎn)瞬即逝的很多個(gè)不同的日子過(guò)成了同一天的樣子；或許是追溯過(guò)去，對(duì)自己那些近乎偏執(zhí)的怪異信念的醒悟，這些天以來(lái)，思緒一直很凌亂，在腦海

35、中不斷糾纏?？傆X(jué)得自己自己似乎應(yīng)該去做點(diǎn)什么，或者寫點(diǎn)什么。二十年的人生軌跡深深淺淺，突然就感覺(jué)到有些事情，非做不可了。The end of our life, and can meet many things really do?而窮盡我們的一生，又能遇到多少事情是真正地非做不可？During my childhood, think lucky money and new clothes are necessary for New Year, but as the advance of the age, will be more and more found that those thing

36、s are optional; Junior high school, thought to have a crush on just means that the real growth, but over the past three years later, his writing of alumni in peace, suddenly found that isnt really grow up, it seems is not so important; Then in high school, think dont want to give vent to out your in

37、ner voice can be in the high school children of the feelings in a period, but was eventually infarction when graduation party in the throat, later again stood on the pitch he has sweat profusely, looked at his thrown a basketball hoops, suddenly found himself has already cant remember his appearance

38、.童年時(shí)，覺(jué)得壓歲錢和新衣服是過(guò)年必備，但是隨著年齡的推進(jìn)，會(huì)越來(lái)越發(fā)現(xiàn)，那些東西根本就可有可無(wú)；初中時(shí)，以為要有一場(chǎng)暗戀才意味著真正的成長(zhǎng)，但三年過(guò)去后，自己心平氣和的寫同學(xué)錄的時(shí)候，突然就發(fā)現(xiàn)是不是真正的成長(zhǎng)了，好像并沒(méi)有那么重要了；然后到了高中，覺(jué)得非要吐露出自己的心聲才能為高中生涯里的懵懂情愫劃上一個(gè)句點(diǎn)，但畢業(yè)晚會(huì)的時(shí)候最終還是被梗塞在了咽喉，后來(lái)再次站在他曾經(jīng)揮汗如雨的球場(chǎng)，看著他投過(guò)籃球的球框時(shí)，突然間發(fā)現(xiàn)自己已經(jīng)想不起他的容顏。Originally, this world, can produce a chemical reaction to an event, in addi

39、tion to resolutely, have to do, and time.原來(lái)，這個(gè)世界上，對(duì)某個(gè)事件能產(chǎn)生化學(xué)反應(yīng)的，除了非做不可的堅(jiān)決，還有，時(shí)間。A persons time, your ideas are always special to clear. Want, want, line is clear, as if nothing could shake his. Also once seemed to be determined to do something, but more often is he backed out at last. Dislike his co

40、wardice, finally found that there are a lot of love, there are a lot of miss, like shadow really have been doomed. Those who do, just green years oneself give oneself an arm injection, or is a self-righteous spiritual.一個(gè)人的時(shí)候，自己的想法總是特別地清晰。想要的，不想要的，界限明確，好像沒(méi)有什么可以撼動(dòng)自己。也曾經(jīng)好像已經(jīng)下定了決心去做某件事，但更多的時(shí)候是最后又打起了退堂鼓。

41、嫌惡過(guò)自己的怯懦，最終卻發(fā)現(xiàn)有很多緣分，有很多錯(cuò)過(guò)，好像冥冥之中真的已經(jīng)注定。那些曾經(jīng)所謂的非做不可，只是青蔥年華里自己給自己注射的一支強(qiáng)心劑，或者說(shuō)，是自以為是的精神寄托罷了。At the moment, the sky is dark, the air is fresh factor after just rained. Suddenly thought of blue plaid shirt; Those were broken into various shapes of stationery; From the corner at the beginning of deep frie

42、ndship; Have declared the end of the encounter that havent start planning. Those years, those days of do, finally, like youth, will end in our life.此刻，天空是陰暗的，空氣里有著剛下過(guò)雨之后的清新因子。突然想到那件藍(lán)格子襯衫；那些被折成各種各樣形狀的信紙；那段從街角深巷伊始的友誼；還有那場(chǎng)還沒(méi)有開始就宣告了終結(jié)的邂逅計(jì)劃那些年那些天的非做不可，終于和青春一樣，都將在我們的人生中謝幕。Baumgartner the disappointing new

43、s: Mission aborted. r plays an important role in this mission. Starting at the ground, conditions have to be very calm - winds less than 2 mph, with no precipitation or humidity and limited cloud cover. The balloon, with capsule attached, will move through the lower level of the atmosphere (the trop

44、osphere) where our day-to-day weather lives. It will climb higher than the tip of Mount Everest (5.5 miles/8.85 kilometers), drifting even higher than the cruising altitude of commercial airliners (5.6 miles/9.17 kilometers) and into the stratosphere. As he crosses the boundary layer (called the tropopause),e can expect a lot of turbulence.The supersonic desce