(醫(yī)學(xué)各論課件） Blood and Hemopoiesis

1、-structure: biconcave discs in shape, 7.5-8.5 um in diameter, 1-2um thickno nucleus and organellafilled with hemoglobin (Hb)-normal Hb : 120-150g/L in male 105-135g/L in female-Function:combine and transfer Oxygen (O2) and Carbon dioxide(CO2)*anemia: RBC 3.0X1012 /L or Hb 100g/L ABO blood type blood

2、 type antigen: A, B : -membrane protein hemolytic transfusion reaction -hemolysiserythrocyte ghostABO Blood Group System:* reticulocyte: immature cell remained ribosome: delicate network structure when stained with brilliant cresyl blue 0.5-1% of total erythrocyte population or 3-6% in neonate-life

3、span: 120 days2) leukocyte-a group of large cells with nucleus-involve in defense and immune reaction-normal number: (4.0-10) X109/L-classification: granulocytes: /neutrophil /eosinophil /basophil agranulocytes: /lympocyte /monocyte neutrophil: 50-70% of total leukocyte population-structure: LM: rou

4、nd, 10-12um in diameter rob-liked or poly morphous nucleus, 2-5 lobes fine neutrophilic granules-pink cytoplasmEM: specific granule: 80% small, 0.3-0.4 um ovoid or irregular in shape contain: lysozyme, phagocytin (defensin) , ect. azurophilic granule: 20% large, round or ovoid , 0.6-0.7 um electron

5、dense acid phosphatase, peroxidase, ect.-function: phagocytose bacterium: specific g.-kill B azurophilic g.- digest B-life span: in blood 6-8 hours, in CT 2-3 days eosinophil: 0.5-3% of total leukocyte populationLM: round,10-15 um in diameter 2 lobes nucleus rough bright red granules -acidophilic gr

6、anulesEM: granules: round or ovoid with cube-liked electron dense crystal contain: -ACPase-histaminase-peroxidase-function: counteract the infection of parasitereduce allergic reaction-life span: in blood 6-8 hour, in CT 8-12 days致密結(jié)晶體致密結(jié)晶體 basophil: 0-1% of leukocyte population LM: less, round 10-1

7、2 um lobe, “S” shaped or irregular nucleus basophilic g.: contains heparin, histamine and acidophil chemotactic factor cytoplasm: contain leukotriene-function: involve in allergic reaction-life span: 10-15 days monocyte:3-8% of total leukocyte population LM: large round, 14-20um nucleus appear as ki

8、dney, horse-shoe or ovoid in shape cytoplasm: gray-blue in color, contain azurophilic g.EM: azurophilic granule: peroxidase, ACPase, lysozyme-function: actively mobile and chemotaxis-life span: in blood 1-5 days, in CT which become into macrophage- mononuclear phagocytic system lymphocyte: 20-30% of

9、 total leukocyte population LM: round, small LC 6-8 um, medium-sized LC 9-12 um, large LC 13-20 um in diameter round nucleus with indentation, chromatin appears as spot-liked and electron-dense cytoplasm: /basophilic:bright blue in color /less /azurophilic granuleEM: /free ribosome /mito. /RER-class

10、ification: TC: thymus dependent lymphocyte, 75%, involve in cellular immune reaction and regulate immune response BC: bone marrow dependent lymphocyte, 10-15%, become into plasma cell, involve in humoral immune response large granular cell: KC (killer cell) and NKC( nature killer cell), 10%-function

11、: involve in immune response3) blood platelet: cytoplasmic fragment of megakaryocyte in bone marrow -normal number: 100-300X109/L -structure: LM: disc-liked, 2-4um irregular in shape Stimulation in groups Granulomere hyalomere EM: /tubular systems: opening tubule system- increasing the exchange area

12、, facilitate the intaking and releasing dense tubule system- SER, collecting calcium (Ca2+ ) and synthesizing prostaglandingranules: specific granule: mediate electron density, with dense core, contains clotting factor, fibrinogen, acidic hydrolase dense granule: electron dense, contains 5-hydroxytr

13、yptamine, ADP, ATP, Ca2+ and adrenalin-function: involve in clotting and stopping the bleed: -aggregation -release components of granule, make thrombinogen become into thrombin, then later make fibrinogen become into fibrin protecting endothelium and take part in repairing of endothelium 3. Bone mar

14、row and hemopoiesisPlaces for hemopoiesis and structure of bone marrowPlaces for hemopoiesis: yalk sac ( 3W)liver(6W) spleen(4M) bone marrow Structure of bone marrow: red bone marrow -hemopoietic tissue: reticular T. hemopoietic cell, macrophage, fibroblast, mesenchymal cell -sinusoid: cap.*hemopoie

15、tic inductive microenvironment ( HIM): The environment for hemopoietic cell growth and development, bone marrow HIM includes N of bone marrow, BV, fiber, extracellular GS and stromal cells* stromal cells: -including reticular cell, fibroblast, macrophage, endothelial cell and lipid-laden cell-functi

16、on: supporting secrete cellular factors, regulate the proliferation and differentiating of hemopoietic cells2) Hemopoietic stem cell and hemopoietic progenitor cellhemopoietic stem cell (HSC): multipotential stem cell-originated yalk sac red bone marrow constitutes about 0.5% of total bone marrow ce

17、lls similar to small LC-feature: strong potential to proliferation multidifferentiated ability ability to copy itself: keep certain numberhemopoietic progenitor cell (HPC): committed stem cell-originated from hemopoietic stem cell-forming colony forming unit (CFU) under the regulate of colony stimutating factor (CSF)3) General regulation of hemopoietic processes: -main steps: primordial stage immature stage mature stage-regulations: size of cell become smaller and smaller