商務英語專業(yè)畢業(yè)論文Sexism in the English Language

1、青 島 理 工 大 學 琴 島 學 院畢 業(yè) 論 文題目sexism in the english language學生姓名：_指導教師：_ 外語 系 商務英語 專業(yè) 091 班 2012年 6月 10日畢業(yè)論文任務書專業(yè) 班級 姓名 下發(fā)日期2011年12月30日題目 sexism in the english language專題語言文化（或英美文學/ 翻譯/商務英語，根據(jù)具體情況選擇其一）主要內(nèi)容及要求語言是一種社會現(xiàn)象并隨著社會的發(fā)展而發(fā)展，性別歧視現(xiàn)象同樣體現(xiàn)在英語語言中，即性別歧視語言。本文通過大量的實例分析，著重描寫了英語語言表述中的性別歧視，并從社會、經(jīng)濟和文化方面分析這一現(xiàn)象

2、存在的原因，以及為如何避免性別歧視提出的建議。通過分析、闡述英語中的性別歧視現(xiàn)象得出本文的結論：人們必須真正意識到并做到男女平等，正確運用語言，才能根除語言中存在的性別歧視現(xiàn)象。主要技術參數(shù)進度及完成日期2011年12月30日 下發(fā)畢業(yè)論文任務書2012年5月6日 交開題報告和論文提綱2012年5月20日 交論文初稿2012年6月3日 交論文二稿2012年6月17日 交論文定稿系主任簽字日期教研室主任簽字日期指導教師簽字日期指 導 教 師 評 語指導教師： 年 月 日 指 定 論 文 評 閱 人 評 語評閱人： 年 月 日 答辯委員會評語評定成績指導教師評分評閱人評分答辯成績總評答辯委員會主席

3、簽字參 考 文 獻請按照下列格式如實填寫參考文獻：allen, nilsen. facing difference: race, gender, and mass media. new york:association press, 1998.bolinger, d. the atomization of meaning. language 41, 1965:555-573.calvino, ian. the uses of literature. (p. creagh, trans.) san diego: harcourt, 1986.edens, walter, et al. teach

4、ing shakespeare. princeton: princeton university press, 1977.fulwiler, t. how well does writing across teaching work? college english 46, 1984:13-25.hall, david, ed. the oxford book of american literary anecdotes. new york: oxford university press, 1981.wardhaugh, carol. an introduction to socioling

5、uistics. oxford: basil blackwell, 1992.陳淵，國外英語教材初探，外國語第1期，1979：66-68。林學增,中英文化習俗比較。北京：外語教學與文化出版社，1999。張力、李斯等，語言雜談。香港：博益出版有限公司，1978。張美芳，翻譯學-關系繁多的綜合性學科。黃國文主編，語文研究群言集。廣州：中山大學出版社，1997：308-318。趙元任，中國話的文法（丁幫新譯）。香港：香港中文大學出版社，1968。net.1. deconstruction. http:/www.brocku.ca/english/courses/4f70/deconstruction

6、.htmlnet.2. jacques derrida. http:/www.brocku.ca/english/courses/4f70/deconstruction.html小四號、宋體，首行空兩個字居中打印、三號、黑體、字間空一字符單號摘 要“摘要”兩字下空一行在我們的社會中，婦女通常被認為是弱勢群體而被輕視。這種性別歧視現(xiàn)象同樣體現(xiàn)在英語語言中，這種語言被稱為性別歧視語言。本文著重分析了英語語言中的性別歧視現(xiàn)象以及如何避免這種現(xiàn)象。本文由五部分組成：第部分簡要介紹本文的寫作背景；第二部分通過大量的實例分析，著重描寫了英語語言表述中的性別歧視：第三部分從社會經(jīng)濟和文化方面分析了語言中性別

7、歧視現(xiàn)象存在的原因：第四部分為如何避免性別歧視提出了許多建議；第五部分是本文的結論：人們必須真正意識到并做到男女平等，正確運用語言，才能根除語言中存在的性別歧視現(xiàn)象。摘要內(nèi)容后空一行，打印關鍵詞關鍵詞：性別歧視，性別歧視詞，無性別歧視詞，原因，規(guī)避小四號宋體，每一關鍵詞之間用逗號隔開，最后一個關鍵詞后不打標點符號。小四號黑體小四號、times new roman每段開頭空四個字符居中打印，三號、times new roman、加粗abstractabstract下空一行、小四號in our society, women are often regarded as the weaker sex

8、and are looked down upon. this gender bias can also be found in the english language. such language is called sexist language. this paper is devoted to the study of sexism in the english language and on how to avoid sexism. it begins with a short introduction of the background information. by highli

9、ghting many examples of the sexism in the english language that discriminates against women, the second part of this paper focuses on some expressions that show sexism, and analyzes the reasons for sexism in english in various aspects of society, economics and culture. moreover, this paper puts forw

10、ard many suggestions on how to avoid sexism in daily use. the paper ends with the conclusion that unless enough awareness is paid both to the correct use of language and to the equal rights between men and women, the sexism in the english language can not be eradicated.英文摘要內(nèi)容后下空一行key words: sexism,

11、sexist word, non-sexist word, reason, avoid小四號、times new roman 、加粗粗tim小四號、times new roman，均為小寫字母，每一關鍵詞之間用逗號隔開，最后一個關鍵詞不打標點符號居中打印，三號、times new roman、加粗contentscontents下空一行、小四號小四號times new romanintroduction.(9)chapter one sexism in english language.(10) 1.1 sexism in english names.(10) 1.1.1 sexism of

12、womens names.(10) 1.1.2 sexism of mens names.(10) 1.2 sexism in english addresses.(11) 1.3 sexism on principle part of men and variant of women.(11) 1.4 sexism in word meaning.(12) 1.5 sexism in word order: man first, then women.(13)chapter two reasons for sexism in english language.(14) 2.1 reasons

13、 related to social and economic positions.(14) 2.2 the explanations of psychoanalysts.(14) 2.3 the influence of mythology .(14) 2.4 the influence of social prejudice and traditional ideas.(15)chapter three how to avoid sexism in english language.(16) 3.1 turn the sexist words into non-sexist words o

14、r gender-free words(16) 3.2 avoid citing the text directly .(16) 3.3 avoid sexism aroused by the third person pronouns .(16)conclusion.(19)acknowledgements.(20)bibliography.(21)小四號、times new roman每段開頭空四個字符居中打印，小三號、times new roman、加粗introductionintroduction下空一行、小四號 language is a mirror of the world.

15、everything is reflected in the mirror. in english countries, though people advocate equal rights for everyone, there are a lot of inequities, such as unequal rights between men and women, which are also reflected in the mirror of language. this phenomenon is called sexism in the english language. se

16、xist language expresses unfair assumptions about gender differences. it can be either explicit, as in the prejudicial use of male or female pronouns, or implicit. in the 1970s, womens movements flourished in western countries. due to the impact of the feminist movement, a reform aiming at eliminatin

17、g sexism in language spread all over the western countries. this paper tries to illustrate sexism in english language use, analyze the reasons for that phenomenon and point out ways to eliminate the sexism in english.居中打印，小三號、times new roman、加粗小四號、times new roman每段開頭空四個字符下空一行、小四號chapter one sexism i

18、n the english languagefrom the definitions, it can be found that in the area of linguistics, “sexism” means discrimination against women in communication. the following are some facts about sexism in language.空一行小四號、times new roman、加粗1.1 sexism in english names “a name is a kind of symbol for people

19、 to distinguish each other. apart from that, it does not have other social functions” (lin 1999: 86). however, in fact, when people are choosing names, they always bring their subject ideas and social attitudes into consideration.1.1.1 sexism of womens namesgenerally speaking, people can judge the g

20、ender from the name. womens names usually use the words meaning beautiful, graceful, and lovely. for example, lily is the name of a kind of flower: susan comes from the hebrew language and means graceful and kind; diana stems from the greek language, with the meaning of goddess of the moon, and it i

21、s a symbol of beauty, grace and dignity. 1.1.2 sexism of mens nameswardhaugh (1992: 99) said that “man mankind” refers to all human beings just as “he” refers to the third-person pronoun.1.2 sexism in english addressesin english, mr. and mrs. is a pair of honorific addresses. people usually put mr.

22、in front of a mans name, and mr. does not show the matrimony status of the man. 1.3 sexism on principle part of men and variant of womenthe bible advocates that god created the man first, and the woman comes from the rib of the man. in the english language, many hyponyms show the tendency that stand

23、ard language is based on men.1.4 sexism in word meaningin the english language, many words associated with men have positive or affirmative meanings. however, the words related to women usually have negative meanings.1.5 sexism in word order: man first, then women.in english grammar, there is not a

24、rule about “man first”. however, in practice, people usually put the man first, and then woman. for example, husband and wife, boy and girl. this kind of word order is very common. if we reverse the order, wife and husband, girl and boy, we will feel uncomfortable.小四號、times new roman每段開頭空四個字符下空一行、小四

25、號居中打印，小三號、times new roman、加粗chapter two reasons for sexism in the english language小四號、times new roman、加粗2.1 reasons related to social and economic positions空一行in the aspect of social and economic positions, women are at the bottom. they are greatly discriminated against. 2.2 the explanations of psyc

26、hoanalysts therefore, psychoanalysis is language analysis. “men have the power of language, and women are the subordinate and are looked down upon in the aspect of language” (hauck 1995: 54).2.3 the influence of mythologythe discrimination and prejudice against women is a part of culture ideology. c

27、ulture ideology refers to the ideas and attitude associated with culture values. the spread of culture ideology reacts on the discrimination and prejudice against women. mythology is a form of culture. 2.4 the influence of social prejudice and traditional ideas.social prejudice is acquired from conv

28、ersations of groups of people, parents, relatives, friends, or the mass media, such as broadcasts, movies, tv, and newspapers. sexism also exists in conversation or mass media. for example, when people refer to callboy, they mean the waiter in a restaurant or the one who informs the actors to prepar

29、e for the stage. however, call girl means a prostitute who makes her arrangements by telephone.正文小四號、times new roman每段開頭空四個字符居中打印，小三號、times new roman、加粗下空一行、小四號chapter three how to avoid sexism in english language小四號、times new roman、加粗3.1 turn the sexist words into non-sexist words or gender-free wo

30、rds.in the daily life, it is better to use non-sexist words or gender-free words such as child, teacher, officer, and people, and try to avoid sexist words such as chairman and mankind.空一行小四號、times new roman、加粗3.2 avoid citing the text directlywhen citing a text including the words of “man” or “men”

31、, people can choose the following methods to avoid sexism.3.3 avoid sexism aroused by the third-person pronouns.when using the above ways to avoid sexism, it is better to pay attention to the specific situation. a specific method depends on whether it is helpful for our writing or conversation, and

32、whether it is appropriate.conclusion下空一行、小四號居中打印，小三號、times new roman、加粗小四號、times new roman每段開頭空四個字符conclusionsexist language is a language, whether written or oral, which by its use, form or structure, demeans people on account of their gender. sexism in language has been an important topic among pe

33、ople in modem times. it is a problem that begins in peoples assumptions and expectations and has attracted attention all over the world. in addition, it is a problem that will be solved only when a great many people have given it a great deal of thought. just as rosalie maggio said, “it is also nece

34、ssary to acknowledge that there can be no solution to the problem of sexism in society on the level of language”(1989: 35).sexism in the english language exists in english names, addresses, word meanings, word order, and many kinds of areas in our daily life. this phenomenon is rooted in the culture

35、 of society. language is a telltale evidence of the values and beliefs of the culture. sexism in the english language is influenced by social and economic reasons. it takes a long time for old words and usages to disappear. therefore, in our daily life, more attention should be paid to the usage of

36、words, such as using non-sexist words instead of sexist words, avoiding the designation of “he/man” and the third-person pronouns. only when people are fully conscious of the equal rights between man and woman, and eradicate sexism in social culture, can the sexism in english be eliminated.小四號、times

37、 new roman每段開頭空四個字符居中打印，小三號、times new roman、加粗acknowledgementsacknowledgements下空一行、小四號i am greatly indebted to all my teachers from the bottom of my heart. during the four years of study in the university, they have given me great assistance. i have learnt not only the academic knowledge but the true meanings of life as well.my thanks go to my supervisor gong xianghong，who gave me a lot of suggestions, and very willingly revised my paper again and again.thanks for all my friends for collecting information and paper materials for me.thanks for m