外文翻譯建設工程質量檢測行業(yè)現(xiàn)狀及發(fā)展對策

1、科學技術學院本科畢業(yè)設計外文文獻及譯文文獻、資料題目：construction quality testing industry status and development strategies文獻、資料來源：期刊文獻、資料發(fā)表（出版）日期：2011.3.9院 （部）：南昌大學科學技術學院專 業(yè)： 土木工程班 級： 土木083姓 名： 彭梓宸學 號：7011508185指導教師： 丁聲榮翻譯日期： 2012.3.12外文文獻：construction quality testing industry status and development strategiesabstractwith

2、chinas accession to the wto, the foreign advanced detection of a large number of institutions will enter the domestic, for long-term protection of the domestic state of the detection unit is an unprecedented challenge. 因此，本文通過分析該行業(yè)的現(xiàn)狀，找出行業(yè)發(fā)展中存在的問題以及面臨的挑戰(zhàn)，并對行業(yè)發(fā)展的對策進行了探討。therefore, this paper analyzes

3、 the status of the industry, the development of the industry to identify existing problems and challenges, as well as the development of the industrys response are discussed. 關鍵詞 檢測，行業(yè)，現(xiàn)狀，對策keywords detection, industry, strategy 11. 前言foreword 建筑業(yè)是一個關系到國計民生的支柱性基礎產(chǎn)業(yè)。the construction industry is one o

4、f the pillars of the national economy and infrastructure industries. 特別作為我國正處在快速發(fā)展階段，全國上下都加大了基礎設施的建設。particularly as china is in a rapid development stage, the whole nation is increasing infrastructure construction. 同時加上建筑業(yè)作為拉動經(jīng)濟發(fā)展速度的重要力量，因此建筑業(yè)正處在大發(fā)展階段。meanwhile coupled with the construction industr

5、y as a driving force for economic development speed of the important forces that the construction industry is in a phase of great development. 一方面我國的建筑市場正處在十分活躍的階段，同時也是處在市場競爭極不規(guī)范，問題叢生：首先是導致壓級壓價、回扣、墊資“三把刀”盛行，地方保護、行業(yè)保護抬頭；二是建筑領域管理體系缺乏科學性，法律性文件和管理性文件不配套，與國外先進模式相對差距較大；三是建筑隊伍供需嚴重失衡，建筑隊伍技術含量和人員素質普遍不高1。whil

6、e chinas construction market is in a very active stage, but also at extremely competitive market norms and plagued with problems : the first is to downgrading prices, kickbacks, loaning three knives, the prevalence of local protectionism, the rise of trade protection; second, the construction sector

7、s lack of a scientific management system, legal documents and document management do not match and the advanced foreign relatively big gap between the model; three construction teams is a serious imbalance in supply and demand. construction teams technical content and the quality of personnel is gen

8、erally not very high 1. 隨著我國加入wto，對于整個建筑業(yè)的沖擊必將產(chǎn)生深遠的影響。with chinas accession to the wto, the impact on the construction industry as a whole will have a far-reaching impact. 建筑事業(yè)是入世的一個重要方面。wto construction industry is an important aspect. 主要涉及建筑業(yè)、勘察設計咨詢業(yè)、房地產(chǎn)業(yè)、城市規(guī)劃、城市市政公用事業(yè)以及與建筑領域相關的各項中介服務。mainly relat

9、ed to the construction industry, the survey design and consulting, real estate, urban planning, cities with municipal utilities and construction fields related to the intermediary services. 在wto協(xié)議中建設事業(yè)所屬領域屬于服務貿(mào)易協(xié)議的范疇。in the wto agreement, the cause of building a service belonging to the scope of tra

10、de agreements. 從服務貿(mào)易協(xié)議的內涵看，目前我國建設領域在當前國際貿(mào)易中基本處在勞動密集型的服務層次上，而發(fā)達國家則已經(jīng)是技術、知識和資本密集型的服務層次上。from the trade in services agreement connotation, at present, chinas current building in the field of international trade at the basic level of labor-intensive services, while developed countries have technology, k

11、nowledge and capital-intensive service levels. 從總體上講，差距比較大。generally speaking, the gap is relatively large. 我國加入wto ，必須按照wto 有關協(xié)議中關于權利和義務平衡的原則，在享受一定權利的同時，還要履行相應的義務，承擔開放市場所面臨的風險和壓力。chinas accession to the wto must be in accordance with the wto agreement on the rights and obligations of the principle

12、of balance to the enjoyment of certain rights, we must also fulfill its obligations, commitments, open markets and the risks facing pressure. 作為建筑行業(yè)的一個組成部分，工程質量檢測隨著全民質量意識的提高而不斷被人重視。the construction industry as an integral part of quality testing with the quality of people and raise awareness of the

13、people to keep. 檢測行業(yè)從開始出現(xiàn)發(fā)展到今天，都是作為建筑行業(yè)的附屬部分出現(xiàn)：一種是建筑施工企業(yè)的內部試驗室；一種是科研院校內部的教學科研性質的試驗室；一種是各級質量監(jiān)督管理部門設立的帶有政府色彩的監(jiān)督檢測室。detection of emerging industries from the beginning of development today, as the construction industry is a subsidiary portion : a construction enterprises is the internal laboratories; a

14、 scientific research institutions within the nature of the teaching and research laboratories; one is the quality of supervision and management at all levels established by the government with the supervision of color detection room. 三種形式的檢測單位一直以來按照各自的工作領域開展檢測工作，并且一直按照附屬于母體的部門形式進行運作，還沒有形成獨立企業(yè)運作的理念。t

15、hree forms of detection units have been in accordance with their respective fields of work and testing work, and has been affiliated to the parent body in accordance with the department for operation is not yet in independent operation of enterprises idea. 但是隨著入世的沖擊，檢測機構根據(jù)國際通用要求必須成為具有獨立法人資格的機構，應該是第三

16、方獨立的服務中介機構，由于定位的逐步明確，各類檢測單位都開始著手進行轉變。however, as the impact of the wto, according to international testing organizations general requirements must become independent corporate qualifications, should be an independent third-party intermediary services, the position becomes clearer, detection of vario

17、us units have started to carry out changes. 在轉變的階段，應該認真從行業(yè)發(fā)展角度研究如何能夠在逐漸規(guī)范化、正規(guī)化的市場經(jīng)濟中成功轉變成適應市場變化、快速成長發(fā)展。in a transitional stage, it should be seriously from the perspective of the development of the industry in how to gradually standardized, regularization of the market economy into successful adapta

18、tion to changes in the market, the rapid growth and development. 行業(yè)概述industry overview 21行業(yè)背景2.1 background industry 2.1.1檢測行業(yè)現(xiàn)狀2.1.1 testing industry status 檢測行業(yè)從形成到今天大約經(jīng)歷了十五年-二十年的歷史，十幾年時間已經(jīng)使檢測行業(yè)規(guī)模由小變大，工作類型由單一到綜合，檢測市場化概念從無到有，從暗到明，如今全國各種建筑工程檢測機構近5000家，其中企業(yè)試驗室數(shù)量大約占40%，監(jiān)督檢測機構占30%，科研院校檢測力量占30%。detectio

19、n industry from the formation of today approximately 15 years of experience - 20 years of history, 10 years has made detection by the small-scale industries in turn, the type of work to a single integrated, detection market concept from scratch, from covert to overt, various construction projects th

20、roughout the country now testing nearly 5,000 institutions, corporate laboratory quantity of approximately 40%, oversight agencies detected 30%, research institutions detection force for 30%. 數(shù)量眾多的企業(yè)試驗室屬于第一方試驗室，即企業(yè)為了保證自身產(chǎn)品質量而設立的試驗室，由于其自身性質很大程度上限制了他們走向檢測市場的步伐，作為企業(yè)內部附屬機構的地位使其在經(jīng)濟實力、檢測能力、規(guī)模和技術力量等個環(huán)節(jié)處于劣勢

21、，在檢測市場所占市場分額約20%。the large number of enterprises belonging to the first laboratory to laboratory, which means that enterprises in order to guarantee the quality of their products and the establishment of the laboratory, due to its nature to a large extent, limited their testing to the market and as

22、a subsidiary body within enterprises in a position of economic strength, the ability to detect, size and technical strength sessions at a disadvantage in the market testing the market share of about 20%. 各級監(jiān)督機構設立的檢測室由于有了政策上的絕對優(yōu)勢，由于其政府背景，使其克服成立時間短的劣勢，通過壟斷檢測任務的形式很快在規(guī)模和檢測能力上占據(jù)優(yōu)勢，成為目前檢測市場中主流檢測力量。the est

23、ablishment of oversight bodies at all levels of detection room with a policy of absolute advantage because of their government background, it formed a short time to overcome the disadvantages of monopoly through inspection missions in the form of rapidly in size and detection capabilities to gain th

24、e upper hand. detection become mainstream market forces detection. 但是壟斷行為的副作用是其長期處在政策保護狀態(tài)，相比其他機構效率低下，技術水平不高，服務意識差，自身競爭能力差。however, the side effects of monopoly behavior is at its long-term policy to protect the state, compared with other inefficient institutions, technical level is not high, poor se

25、nse of service, their competitive ability. 科研院校隨著事業(yè)單位機構改革，不斷加大檢測業(yè)務投入，使其變成主業(yè)發(fā)展，并相繼將其轉型為第三方獨立法人檢測企業(yè)。research institutions with institutional reform of public institutions and to keep stepping up the detection of operational inputs, it becomes the main development of the industry. and the gradual trans

26、ition to an independent third party for the detection of corporate enterprises. 它們依靠原來國家科研投入的優(yōu)勢，在技術力量、硬件設備和辦公場地方面有著不可比擬的優(yōu)勢。they rely on the original national scientific research strengths in technical strength, hardware equipment and share office space due to the advantages. 由于他們最早走向市場，在市場競爭中已經(jīng)總結了許多

27、經(jīng)驗。since they first enter the market, and competition in the market has summed up the experience of many. 2.12.1.3檢測行業(yè)特點2.12.1.3 detection industry characteristics 檢測行業(yè)是政策性較強的行業(yè)detection industry policy is a strong industry 檢測機構由于建設工程質量的相關管理規(guī)定應運而生，檢測市場的形成和發(fā)展受政策導向直接影響。the testing organizations as the

28、 quality of construction projects related to the regulation came into being. detection market and the formation and development of policy guidance directly affected. 檢測機構的資格認可和行業(yè)資質管理本身就是政府政策調節(jié)的手段，檢測市場的大小同樣也是政府質量管理政策直接決定，因此，檢測市場是不完全開放的市場，檢測行業(yè)是一個政策導向性很強的行業(yè)。detection of accreditation and quality manage

29、ment industry itself is the government policy adjustment means detection of the size of the market is the same quality management policy decision directly, it detection market is not fully open market, detection industry is a strong policy-oriented industries. 檢測行業(yè)是帶有很強的地域性detection industry with a

30、strong regional 由于檢測行業(yè)是政策性很強的行業(yè)，因此各級地方行政主管部門都會根據(jù)自己地方實際制訂有地方特色的管理要求，特別是行業(yè)主管部門設立的資質審查注冊制度直接決定了檢測機構的服務范圍以所在地為主，外地機構打入本地市場受到嚴格限制。as the test industry is highly policy-oriented industries, therefore local administrative departments will be in accordance with the actual formulation of their own places of

31、special local regulatory requirements, special departments in charge of the industry is the ability to set up a registration system to review the decision directly detect the scope of services to the main location and overseas institutions to enter the local market under strict restrictions. 另外工程質量檢

32、測本身需要大型的檢測設備，并且樣品的檢測具有明確的實效性，因此從交通、成本、運作方便性考慮，檢測工作跨地區(qū)開展具有難度，從而決定了各行政區(qū)域內市場的獨立性。another quality of the project itself needs to detect large-scale testing equipment, and sample analysis with clear effectiveness, and judging from the traffic, cost, operational convenience considerations, and testing wor

33、k carried out with difficulty across regions, so as to determine the jurisdiction of the markets independence. 檢測行業(yè)目前技術門檻不高testing industry current threshold is not high technology 因為檢測行業(yè)長期處于政府壟斷經(jīng)營之下，檢測市場化程度較差。detection of long-term because the industry is monopolized by the government, the degree o

34、f market testing poorer. 長期處于保護之下的檢測機構往往以附屬部門或科室形式運作，沒有形成一套獨立運作發(fā)展的管理模式，特別是與國外先進的檢測同行相比，在檢測工作管理方面缺少科學的系統(tǒng)的內部管理體系和經(jīng)驗。a long time under the protection of the testing agencies often subsidiary departments or sections operation, not formed a separate set of operational development management, in particula

35、r with foreign advanced detection comparison, detection of the lack of management of the scientific system of internal management systems and experience. 由于以上原因，通常的檢測單位對設備場地等硬件和技術培養(yǎng)等硬件的投入較少，以至于長期停滯在低水平重復發(fā)展的態(tài)勢，因此造成目前雖然政策壟斷成分高，但技術門檻低的現(xiàn)狀。due to the above reasons, the usual detection units to the venue

36、and other hardware equipment and technical training hardware input, the extent of the long-term stagnation of low-level redundant development momentum, thus causing the current policy, the element of monopoly, but technical threshold of the low status. 檢測行業(yè)體制單一detection of a single institutional tra

37、des 檢測行業(yè)由于強烈的政府色彩，使其體制往往鎖定在國有事業(yè)或企業(yè)單位，民營資本和外資一直注視著這一領域，但是由于政策所限一直無法進入。detection industry because of strong government color, it is often lock system in state-owned enterprises or enterprise units private capital and foreign capital has been watching this area, but the policy has been limited by lack

38、of access. 因此目前的檢測行業(yè)體制單一。thus the detection system of a single industry. 但是隨著國有事業(yè)機構改革，使檢測機構股份制改造成為可能，伴隨著我國加入世界貿(mào)易組織的深入，開放建筑市場成為必然，可見目前的格局十分不穩(wěn)，政策的變化立即打破現(xiàn)有的平衡。however, with the reform of state-owned utilities, testing organizations may become joint-stock reform, with chinas accession to the world trade

39、 organization in-depth, open architecture market has become inevitable, and we can see that the pattern is very unstable, the policy change immediately break the existing balance. 第二章 行業(yè)困境chapter ii trades plight 3.1 行業(yè)面臨困難和挑戰(zhàn)3.1 industries facing difficulties and challenges 作為建筑行業(yè)的一個組成部分，工程質量檢測隨著全民

40、質量意識的提高而不斷被人重視。the construction industry as an integral part of quality testing with the quality of people and raise awareness of the people to keep. 檢測行業(yè)從開始出現(xiàn)發(fā)展到今天，面臨的困難和挑戰(zhàn)來自各方面。detection of emerging industries from the beginning of development today, we are faced with difficulties and challenges f

41、rom all quarters. 3.1.1政策風險3.1.1 policy risks 檢測行業(yè)是受政策影響程度很高的行業(yè)。detection of industries affected by the policy is the high level of the industry. 它的產(chǎn)生和發(fā)展都是政策導向的結果。the emergence and development of policy-oriented results. 而首先面對的問題就是政策風險問題。and the first to face the problem is the policy risk. 我國的檢測類的標

42、準、規(guī)范的制定和執(zhí)行與國際接軌程度不高。our analysis category of standards and standardize the development and implementation of international standards is not that high. 我國目前使用的檢測標準均為幾十年前老標準，這些標準與國際標準相差很遠，隨著我國入世，各種標準都面臨更新和接軌問題。chinas current testing standards used several decades ago are old standards, those standards

43、 with international standards is far below with chinas wto accession, the various standards and are facing a convergence problem. 在這種標準的演變中，原有的設備、技術力量、運作方法都會進行較大的變動。in this evolving standards of the original equipment, and technical forces, methods of operation will be larger changes. 檢測行業(yè)必須面對來自以上政策

44、的變動帶來的風險。detection industry must face from the above policy changes bring risks. 3.1.2入世的挑戰(zhàn)3.1.2 wto challenges 從行業(yè)形成到發(fā)展到今天，檢測機構中都是作為建筑行業(yè)的附屬部分出現(xiàn)，還沒有形成獨立運作的管理體系。from the formation of industry development today, institutions are testing the construction industry as part of the subsidiary there. have f

45、ormed an independent operation of the management system. 但是隨著入世的沖擊，檢測機構根據(jù)國際通用要求導則25來管理實驗室2，而對于國內的檢測機構來講導則25的管理要求不僅僅是陌生的東西，更重要的是對于其中的管理思想是完全全新的體系，我國的檢測機構在這種管理模式的經(jīng)驗十分缺乏。however, as the impact of the wto, according to international testing organizations general requirements - guideline 25 to laboratory

46、 management 2 for the detection of domestic institutions in terms of guide 25 of regulatory requirements is not only stranger things more importantly for the management thinking which is completely new system, our testing organizations in the management of this very lack of experience. 因此整個行業(yè)正the en

47、tire industry isfacing industries in the transition stage. 3.2行業(yè)中存在的主要問題3.2 sector the main problems 檢測行業(yè)面臨的不僅僅是各種風險和挑戰(zhàn)，應該認清行業(yè)存在的問題和不足，才可能作到有的放矢。detection of businesses are facing not only a variety of risks and challenges, there should be a clear understanding of trade issues and inadequate, only b

48、e achieved targeted. 3.2.1目前的檢測市場十分混亂，由于部分施工單位對質量意識的認識停留在資料過關的階段，并且檢測單位目前是被動的接受施工單位的委托，因此在檢測和被檢測之間的關系不僅是委托被委托同時又是檢測和被檢測，在經(jīng)濟關系和公正性的看似矛盾的兩者，許多檢測單位很難把好關。3.2.1 currently testing the market very confusing. as part of the construction unit of the sense of the quality of information to stay in the clearanc

49、e stage, and the current detection unit is a passive acceptance of the construction unit entrusted thus the detection and the detection of not only the relationship between the commission has been tasked also is testing and testing, in economic relations and impartiality of the two seemingly contrad

50、ictory, and many units it is very difficult to detect good relations. 導致檢測市場上評價一個檢測單位工作質量的標準不是嚴謹而是能否在必要時的靈活和方便。testing the market to evaluate a detection unit quality standard is not stringent but whether the necessary flexibility and convenience. 在這樣的環(huán)境中，不可能培養(yǎng)出依靠信譽品牌立足的檢測單位。in such an environment,

51、it is impossible to cultivate brand reputation based on the detection units. 3.2.2目前的檢測單位大部分面臨如何從母體脫離，是否脫離、脫離以后如何生存的困擾。3.2.2 current detection unit faced the question of how to most from the mother, separated from the survival of future troubles. 部分已經(jīng)脫離的單位實質上在名義上的脫離，從行政管理和經(jīng)濟來往上仍然不是獨立的。some units hav

52、e already moved away from the essence of the name of the detachment, from the administration and from the economy still is not independent. 因此，作為真正意義上的獨立運作的檢測機構如何管理、如何生存發(fā)展還沒有太多可借鑒的經(jīng)驗。therefore, as the true sense of the operation of the independent testing organizations how to manage, how to survival

53、 and development have not too much experience to draw on. 3.2.3檢測單位由于長期處于附屬地位，因此在技術、人力、資金的投入不足，因此與其他行業(yè)相比或與其他領域的檢測機構相比，技術含量不高，并且技術發(fā)展速度很慢。3.2.3 detection units in the subsidiary as a long-term position in technology, human resources, capital investment is insufficient, and so compared with other indus

54、tries or fields with other testing organizations, the technical content is not high, and technological development at a slow pace. 隨著我國建筑業(yè)的蓬勃發(fā)展，特別是我國加入wto，對盡快提高檢測單位的技術能力和技術水平要求迫切。with the vigorous development of industry, especially chinas accession to the wto, right as soon as possible to improve d

55、etection units the technical capacity and technical requirements of urgency. 第三章 行業(yè)對策chapter iii sectoral responses 建筑業(yè)在我國正處在高速發(fā)展階段，隨著全國質量意識提高，檢測行業(yè)充滿發(fā)展的潛力和希望。construction industry in china is in the stage of rapid development, with the heightened awareness of the national quality, detecting the deve

56、lopment of the industry is full of potential and hope. 社會一方面對檢測的要求會更迫切。the community of detection to the more urgent. 同時會更高要求。the same time, higher demands. 因此作為檢測行業(yè)的出路必須將檢測變成產(chǎn)業(yè)化，最終成為真正意義上的第三方公正性的中介機構。therefore detection industry as a way of testing must become industrialized, eventually become a tr

57、ue sense of the impartiality of the third-party intermediaries. 作為檢測機構為了適應將來的發(fā)展必須作到：as testing organizations in order to adapt to future developments must also : 提高檢測質量意識improve the monitoring and quality awareness 全面引入導則25國際通用的實驗室的管理要求成為大勢所趨。introduce a comprehensive international guideline 25 gene

58、ric laboratory management requirements become the trend of the times. 我國檢測行業(yè)最缺乏的是通過質量體系的運作來保證檢測公正性和權威性。my test industry is most lacking is that through the operation of the quality system to ensure detection of justice and authority. 國內的檢測機構要與國際接軌必須堅定不移地執(zhí)行導則25的各項要求，而導則25的核心就是全面的質量管理。detection of dom

59、estic institutions and the international community must continue to implement the guidelines of the 25 requirements, guideline 25 and the core is a comprehensive quality management. 我國檢測行業(yè)普遍的檢測質量意識不高，在內部質量管理方面的經(jīng)驗不多，但是不能因為目前執(zhí)行困難而放棄，而是應該一方面努力向國外同行學習實驗室管理方面先進的經(jīng)驗，一方面因地制宜的逐步摸索一套適合中國國情的質量管理模式。my test industry generally detection quality awareness is not high,