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1、 中考對(duì)于名詞的考查主要側(cè)重以下幾點(diǎn): 1.可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)。 2. 不可數(shù)名詞的量。 3.名詞所有格的用法。 4.名詞的句法作用。 5.詞義辨析。 6.名詞與主謂一致。 考查形式主要有:單項(xiàng)選擇、詞形轉(zhuǎn)換、詞語辨析、翻譯句子等題型??键c(diǎn)一考點(diǎn)一 名詞的分類名詞的分類考考 點(diǎn)二點(diǎn)二 名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式 Mouse- mice3.復(fù)合名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式有兩種(1)將主體詞變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù),如: an apple tree a boy classmate (2)將復(fù)合詞中兩個(gè)詞都變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù),此種復(fù)合詞中第一個(gè)詞須是man或woman,如: a man worker a woman teachertwo

2、apple treestwenty boy classmatesfive men workersten women teachers 4特殊情況 (1)有些名詞只有復(fù)數(shù)形式,如:clothes,shorts,trousers, pants,socks,glasses(眼鏡) (2)有些名詞以s結(jié)尾,但不是復(fù)數(shù)形式,如:news,maths,physics (3)有些物質(zhì)名詞或抽象名詞的單、復(fù)數(shù)形式表示不同的含義,如: room(空間)a room(房間) work(工作)works(著作) (4)不可數(shù)名詞的數(shù)量表達(dá) 不可數(shù)名詞本身不可數(shù),但可借助單位量詞表示一定的數(shù)量,如: a piece

3、of bread/news/paper一片面包/一條新聞/一張紙 a cup of tea/coffee一杯茶/一杯咖啡 還可用much,little,a little,some,any,no,lots of,plenty of等來修飾不可數(shù)名詞,如: much money,some milk (5)數(shù)詞名詞形容詞構(gòu)成的復(fù)合形容詞,中間的名詞不能用復(fù)數(shù)形式而須用單數(shù)形式,如: He is a four-year-old boy.他是個(gè)4歲的男孩。 (four- -year- -old不能說成four -years- old 或 four- years - old) a five-foot-de

4、ep hole一個(gè)五英尺深的洞 1表示有生命的人或物的名詞所有格形式,在此名詞詞尾加s,或直接加。 (1)單數(shù)名詞加s,如:Marys book (2)以s結(jié)尾的復(fù)數(shù)名詞只加,不以s結(jié)尾的復(fù)數(shù)名詞要加s,如: the three girls father 這三個(gè)女孩的父親 the childrens presents 孩子們的禮物 (3)表示幾個(gè)人共有,僅在最后一個(gè)人的名字后加s,表示各自所有時(shí),需在各個(gè)名字后加s,如: Mary and Janes car(她倆人共有的車) Marys and Janes cars(她倆各自的車) (4)表示店鋪、住宅、公共建筑等地點(diǎn)時(shí),名詞所有格后面的名詞

5、習(xí)慣上省略。如: the barbersthe barbers shop理發(fā)店 to my auntsto my aunts house到我姑姑家 (5)有些指時(shí)間、距離、重量、價(jià)值、國家和城鎮(zhèn)等無生命的名詞,也可以加s構(gòu)成所有格。如: a weeks time 一周的時(shí)間 Chinas population中國的人口 two miles distance兩英里的距離 2表示無生命的東西的所有格形式:名詞of所有者,如: the name of the zoo動(dòng)物園的名字 the front wall of the classroom教室的前墻 3雙重所有格:即ofs或of名詞性物主代詞,如:

6、 a book of my daughters 我女兒的一本書 The friend of his is very kind.他的朋友非常友好。注意: 用to的所有格: the key to the door the ticket to the match考考 點(diǎn)四點(diǎn)四 名詞的句法功能名詞的句法功能(略講略講) 1名詞作主語 名詞在句中作的句子成分很多,但作主語尤為重要,應(yīng)注意以下幾種情況: (1)一些以s結(jié)尾的名詞。如:maths、physics、news是單數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞,在句中作主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞要用第三人稱單數(shù)形式;但trousers,shoes,glasses等為復(fù)數(shù)概念,它們?cè)诰渲凶?/p>

7、主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式;但a (this) pair of名詞復(fù)數(shù)時(shí),其主語是a(this) pair,故謂語動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用單數(shù)形式。如: Physics is a new subject in Grade Two. 物理在初二是一門新科目。 My glasses are red. 我的眼鏡是紅色的。 A new pair of pants is on the bed.床上有一條新短褲。 (2)表示時(shí)間、金錢、距離、價(jià)格等名詞后加s作主語時(shí),應(yīng)視為一個(gè)整體,故謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。如: Twenty dollars is enough. 20美元足夠了。 Three months is a sho

8、rt time. 三個(gè)月很短 (3)family,class,police等作主語時(shí),若表示整體概念,謂語動(dòng)詞用第三人稱單數(shù);當(dāng)表示其中的各個(gè)成員時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如: Her family is moving to Liaoning next week. 她家下周要搬到遼寧去。 Her family are having supper now. 她的家人正在吃晚飯。 (4)the姓氏名詞復(fù)數(shù)(后加s)表示“一家”或“夫婦”,在句中作主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如: The Greens are Americans.格林一家是美國人。 (5)neither單數(shù)名詞或neither of

9、復(fù)數(shù)名詞,在句中作主語時(shí)謂語動(dòng)詞用第三人稱單數(shù)形式,如: Neither answer is right.兩個(gè)答案都不對(duì)。 Neither of the boys often goes to the zoo on Sundays. 星期天兩個(gè)男孩都不經(jīng)常去動(dòng)物園。 (6)主語后跟with,except,together with,as well as等短語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞應(yīng)與前面的主語保持一致,而不受這些短語的影響。如: Mr. Li with his students is discussing the math problem. 李老師和他的學(xué)生在討論數(shù)學(xué)題。 All the girls ex

10、cept Mary are drawing in the classroom. 除了瑪麗以外所有的女生都在教室里畫畫。 (7)兼有雙重身份的人作主語時(shí),其謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。 A writer and worker often gives us a talk on Sundays. 一位工人作家經(jīng)常在星期天給我們做報(bào)告。 (8)主語和謂語的就近一致。(就近原則) 就近一致即指謂語的人稱和數(shù)與靠近它的那個(gè)主語保持一致。有下面幾種情況: 在there be 句型中或以here開頭的句子中,謂語動(dòng)詞be應(yīng)與后面的名詞保持一致,當(dāng)后面的名詞不止一個(gè)時(shí),be應(yīng)和其最靠近的名詞的人稱和數(shù)保持一致。如: T

11、here are twenty- -two boys and twenty girls in our class. 我們班有22名男生和20名女生。 There is a car and two jeeps behind the house. 房子后有一輛小汽車和兩輛吉普車。 Here are two oranges and some milk. 這里有兩個(gè)橘子和一些牛奶。 either.or.(或者或者);neither.nor.(既不也不);.or.(或者);not only.but also.(不但而且)等平等結(jié)構(gòu),連接并列主語時(shí)謂語動(dòng)詞的人 稱和數(shù)應(yīng)和與之靠近的一個(gè)主語保持一致。如:

12、Either you or he has to go shopping this afternoon. 今天下午或者是你或者是他必須去購物。 Neither he nor we are students now. 他和我們現(xiàn)在都不是學(xué)生了。 both.and.連接兩個(gè)主語時(shí),謂語用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如: Both he and she do well in English. 他和她都擅長英語。 2名詞作定語 (1)名詞作定語,一般用單數(shù)形式。如: girl students(女學(xué)生) paper flowers(紙花) (2)名詞作定語時(shí),個(gè)別情況用復(fù)數(shù)形式(sports)。如: sports mee

13、ting (運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì))考點(diǎn)一:可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞【經(jīng)典練習(xí)】 單項(xiàng)選擇1.Look! Therere so many _ in the field. They look like white clouds. A. horse B. cow C. rabbit D. sheep2. If you want to get some _ about the World Expo, you can surf the Internet. A. activity B. picture C. ticket D. informationDD3. Several _ are talking under the

14、tree. And their _ are swimming in the lake. A. woman; children B. woman; child C. women; children D. women; child4. Id like mutton and _ noodles, Mum. Well, lets go to the supermarket to buy some mutton and _. A. potato; potato B. potato; potatoes C. potatoes; potatoes D. potatos; potatosCB5. Would

15、you like some _ for supper? A. fish and chickens B. fishes and chicken C. fish and chicken D. fishes and chickensC 【考點(diǎn)點(diǎn)撥】 單數(shù) 可數(shù)名詞名詞 復(fù)數(shù) 不可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)名詞變復(fù)數(shù)的特殊情況 替換元音字母: man men, woman women, foot feet, tooth teeth 單復(fù)數(shù)同行:fish, Chinese, Japanese, sheep, deer 無規(guī)則變化:child children, mouse mice有一些名詞加-s或-es后其原來的意思

16、并不相同,如:water(水) waters(水域), fish(魚) fishes(各種魚)考點(diǎn)二:名詞作定語【經(jīng)典練習(xí)】用括號(hào)中所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。We had a big party for the _(woman) teachers in our school on March 8th.2. I am going to the _ (shoe) store to buy a pair of sports shoes.3. Those _ (man) doctors are from the same hospital.4. The _ (girl) students are mor

17、e careful than the _ (boy) students in our class.5. Therere many different _(sport) meetings around the country every year.womenshoemengirlboysports【考點(diǎn)點(diǎn)撥】名詞作定語常用單數(shù)形式,但sport作定語常用復(fù)數(shù)形式sports。如:three apple trees, a sports star man, woman 作定語單復(fù)數(shù)形式由被修飾的名詞決定,當(dāng)被修飾的名詞是單數(shù)時(shí),應(yīng)用單數(shù)形式,當(dāng)被修飾的名詞是復(fù)數(shù)時(shí),應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如:a man dr

18、iver, three men drivers; a woman teacher, two women teachers考點(diǎn)三:不可數(shù)名詞的量化【經(jīng)典練習(xí)】單項(xiàng)選擇Im hungry. Please give me _. A. a bread B. some breads C. a piece of bread D. two pieces of breads2. What would you like to drink, sir? Id like _, please. A. two glasses of orange B. two baskets of oranges C. two piece

19、s of bread D. two bowls of noodlesCA3. What are those on the ground? Oh, theyre two _. A. box of apple B. boxes of apples C. box of apples D. boxes of apple4. Would you like another cup of tea, Mr. Smith? No, I have had _. A. two tea B. two cups tea C. two cup of tea D. two cups of teaBD5. Therere o

20、nly _ left. We have to buy some for the children. A. two bottles of water B. two bottles water C. two bottles of waters D. two bottle of waterA【考點(diǎn)點(diǎn)撥】不可數(shù)名詞不能用不定冠詞a, an或數(shù)詞直接修飾,但可用 some, any, a little, little, much, lots of, a lot of等表示概數(shù)的單詞或短語修飾。 不可數(shù)名詞可與表數(shù)量的短語 (數(shù)詞+名詞+of)搭配使用。如:a glass of milk, two pieces of paper考點(diǎn)四:名詞所有格【經(jīng)典練習(xí)】單項(xiàng)選擇I dont think looking after children is just _ work. A. woman B. womans C. women D. womens2. _ mothers cant come to the meeting because they have gone to Dalian. A. Sallys and Jane B. Sally a

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