Conference-PresentationPPT優(yōu)秀課件

1、Domestication and Foreignization in the Translation ofPolitical Discourses from Chinese into English From Functional Translation TheoriesPresenter: 呂晶呂晶Translation Shift2Definition of Political DiscoursesvPolitical discourses can be counted as authoritive statements with expressive function. They in

2、clude documents etc., by ministers or party leaders; statutes and legal documents; scientific, philosophical and academic works written by authorities. Translation Shift3Features of Political Discoursesv Most of these political discourses are highly associated with guidelines and policies or a count

3、ry, political influence and images of states, the speakers political inclination, personal style, linguistic mastery and so on. In this case, when we are translating such discourses, we must follow the original inclinations and the political connotations of the original writers or readers closely. T

4、ranslation Shift4Translation Criterion by Cheng Zhenqiuv Cheng Zhenqiu (程鎮(zhèn)球程鎮(zhèn)球)once pointed out: “in translating political discourses, first of all, the original discourses should be followed closely, no extra omissions or additions will be allowed”, “free rein should not be given to the translators

5、 when they are translating without reference to the original discourses”, “the political connotations and influence of words should be carefully considered”, “the translators should also have political sensitivity”. Translation Shift5Translation Criterion by Wang Nongsheng v Wang Nongsheng (王弄笙王弄笙)

6、held the opinion that when we are translating something with the original cultural identities in political discourses, we should develop a thorough understanding of the original Chinese discourses, and then translate their connotations according to the English way of expression without being heavily

7、 fettered by the surface meaning of the Chinese original. Translation Shift6An Overview of the Functionalist Translation TheoryvThe functionalist translation school is best represented by functional category of translation criticism, Skopos theory and theory of translation action advanced respective

8、ly by Katharina Reiss, Hans Vermeer and Justa Holz-Manttari and, most famously, Function plus Loyalty initiated by Christiane Nord. Translation Shift7Features of the Functionalist translation Theory v What distinguishes the functionalist translation school is that they never considered the purpose o

9、f the text as the number one priority in translation. It is adequately captured by Vermeers idea of a “dethronement” of the source text. The source text is no longer the first and foremost criterion for the translators; instead it is taken as an “offer of information”. Translation Shift8v They also

10、proposed that a translation brief consisting of the intended text function(s), the target-text addressee(s), the (prospective) time and place of text reception, the medium over which the text will be transmitted and the motive for the production or reception of the text be made. The more details the

11、 translation brief provides, the more purpose-oriented the translation process is. They attached great importance on the roles of the initiator, commissioner, translator, source-text producer, target-text receiver and target-text user. Translation Shift9 Just as Peter Newmark put forward semantic tr

12、anslation and communicative translation, the functionalist school also divided translation method into documentary and instrumental translation, whose relationship share a resemblance with that between domestication and foreignization. They were very concerned about the three variables in register:

13、field, tenor and mode, and their changes after the process of translation. Translation Shift10Example of Foreignization v“貫徹百花齊放、百家爭鳴的方針，弘揚(yáng)主旋律，提貫徹百花齊放、百家爭鳴的方針，弘揚(yáng)主旋律，提倡多樣化。倡多樣化?！眝 (江澤民江澤民 ，中國共產(chǎn)黨成立八十周年紀(jì)念大會上的講話中國共產(chǎn)黨成立八十周年紀(jì)念大會上的講話)vThe English translation is:vEfforts should be made to carry out the prin

14、ciple of letting a hundred flowers blossom, and letting a hundred schools of thought contend, give full scope to the theme of our times, while advocating diversity.Translation Shift11Translation Briefv Initiator: Chinese government who intends to introduce Chinas policy to foreigners.v Commissioner:

15、 Chinese government who intends to introduce Chinas policy to foreigners.v Source-text Producer: President Jiang or his secretaryv Translator: Expert in the Ministry of Foreign Affairsv Target-text Receiver: Chinese government who intends to introduce Chinas policy to foreigners.v Target-text User:

16、Chinese government who intends to introduce Chinas policy to foreigners. Translation Shift12Three Variables of the Original Text vField: A guideline for cultural and artistic construction for China in the new age.vTenor: Representatives who have listened to President Jiangs speech or the mass who ha

17、ve got to know the guideline through other means (newspaper, new broadcast and website)vMode: Formal, promote the government and people to carry out cultural and artistic construction with the guideline.Translation Shift13Three Variables after TranslationvField: The same with the original textvTenor

18、: Foreigners who know nothing or only something about the practical situations of ChinavMode: Formal, offering information to foreign governments and foreignersTranslation Shift14Analysis of the previous examplevAfter a careful analysis of the translation brief and the changes in variables, we are q

19、uite clear that the original discourse aims to inform the reader the guideline of cultural and artistic construction. By translating in a foreignizing way, we have skillfully preserved the Chinese exoticism of the original discourse. As we all know that “百花齊放百花齊放 ” and “百家爭鳴百家爭鳴 ” are unique in the

20、Chinese history, they are quite different from the Translation Shift15vexperience of the western nations. In this case, we have to focus on the difference. In a globalized world of increasing communication, more and more people have developed preference on foreiginzation. It helps to absorb the essence of different cultures in a profound way. Whats more, it is a resistance to the cultural hegemony initiated by post-colonialists and still upheld by many westerners, just as James Joyce employed many unstandard or sub-standard expressions in his UlyssesTranslation Shift16vto express his res