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1、acrylic coatings 118activated charcoal 567activation process for 57adsorption on 6, 578experimental study 589production of 57uses 6, 567adhesive energy 28adsorptionisothermsGibbs adsorption isotherm 4952Langmuir adsorption isotherm 58thermodynamics 4759aerosols, examples 6aggregatescritical packing

2、parameter 69sample problem(s) 75typical values 70, 71formation of 53, 63, 64see also bilayers; liposomes;micelles; vesiclesair bubblescoalescence of 1535conditions of stability 1617丙烯酸涂料118活性炭56-7激活過程57吸附6,77-8實驗研究58-9生產(chǎn)57使用6,56-7粘合能28吸附等溫線吉布斯吸附等溫線49-52朗繆爾吸附等溫線58熱力學(xué)47-59氣溶膠,實例6聚集關(guān)鍵包裝參數(shù)69樣本問題75典型值70,

3、71形成53,63,64另見雙層脂質(zhì)體;膠束;囊泡氣泡合并153-5穩(wěn)定條件16-17Laplace pressure for various sizes17amphiphilic molecules 61ARD (anti-redeposition) polymers745Ballotini (glass) beads, flotation of16871bilayers 69, 70, 71biodegradable detergents/soaps 73Bjerrum four-point charge model1301black-and-white photography 84Boh

4、r model for atom 131Boltzmann constant 173Boltzmann distribution 97, 100, 113Born repulsion 128Brownian motion 2Bustamante, H., industrial article by1489buttering of emulsions 87Callaghan, I.C., industrial article by745拉普拉斯壓力適用于各種尺寸17兩親分子61ARD(抗再沉積)聚合物74-5Ballotini(玻璃)珠,浮選168-71雙層69,70,71可生物降解洗滌劑/肥皂

5、73Bjerrum四點充電模式130-1黑白攝影84玻爾原子131模型波爾茲曼常數(shù)173波爾茲曼分布97,100,113出生的斥責(zé)128布朗運(yùn)動2Bustamante,H.,工業(yè)文章148-9乳液乳液87卡拉漢,I.C.,工業(yè)文章74-5camphor duck toy 161capacitancedefinition 136effect of dielectric material 1367capillary risefree energy analysis 213surface energy measured using1920, 22charged colloids 93125forma

6、tion of, in water 934chemical potential 48changesin derivation of Kelvin equation24, 25effect on interfacial energy 51Clarke, A., industrial article by334clay domains (in soils) 54interaction within 545threshold concentration for swellingof 55cloud point (for non-ionic surfactants)69cmc (critical mi

7、celle concentration)53, 63definition(s) 66, 67solution properties at 64coagulation of colloidal systemsfactors affecting 113, 144sample problem(s) 1501coal, treatment of 159coated papers, photographic-qualityinkjet papers 334coatingswater-based 824, 11719see also paintscohesion of solids, surface en

8、ergiesmeasured by 278cohesive strength of solids, factorsaffecting 31colloid probe technique 141colloidal solutionscoagulation of, factors affecting113, 144forces acting on 23, 4meaning of term 1樟腦鴨玩具161電容定義136介電材料136-7的作用毛細(xì)血管上升自由能分析21-3表面能測量使用19-20,22帶電膠體93-125在水中形成93-4化學(xué)勢48變化在開爾文方程的推導(dǎo)中24,25對界面能量的影

9、響51克拉克,A.,工業(yè)文章33-4粘土域(土壤中)5454-5之間的互動腫脹閾值濃度的55濁點(非離子表面活性劑)69cmc(臨界膠束濃度)53,63定義66,67解決方案屬性在64膠體系凝結(jié)影響因素113,144樣本問題150-1煤炭,治療159涂層紙,攝影質(zhì)量噴墨紙33-4涂料水基82-4,117-19另見油漆固體的內(nèi)聚力,表面能按27-8測量固體的內(nèi)聚強(qiáng)度,因素影響31膠體探針技術(shù)141膠體溶液凝血,影響因素113,144力量在2-3,4術(shù)語1的含義stabilityDLVO theory 4, 12, 1401, 142factors affecting 4, 113, 142col

10、loidal systemsin foodstuffs 857, 85types 56colloidsorigin of term 2size range 5surface area considerations 67colour photography 84concentration gradient, near interface49contact anglesadvancing 33listed for water 31factors affecting 22, 33measurements 426experimental details 434industrial significan

11、ce 42receding 33surface energies measured by2833, 423water on various solids 31contamination of liquid surface, inexperiment 39co-surfactants 69Coulombic interactions 129, 130Coulombs law 934Cox, A., industrial article by 857crack propagation, factors affecting31critical micelle concentration 53, 63

12、see also cmccritical packing parameter (foraggregates) 69sample problem(s) 75typical values 70, 71critical surface tensiondetermination of 43for methylated glass 456Cryptosporidium parvum, removalfrom drinking water 1489CTAB (cetylitrimethylammoniumbromide) 63in froth flotation 159, 168穩(wěn)定性DLVO理論4,12

13、,140-1,142影響4,113,142的因素膠體系在食品85-7,85類型5-6膠體術(shù)語來源2尺寸范圍5表面積考慮6-7彩色攝影84濃度梯度,接近界面49接觸角推進(jìn)33列為水31影響因素22,33測量42-6實驗細(xì)節(jié)43-4工業(yè)意義42后退33表面能測量28-33,42-3各種固體水31液體表面污染,實驗39助表面活性劑69庫侖相互作用129,130庫侖定律93-4Cox,A.,工業(yè)品85-7裂紋擴(kuò)展,影響因素31臨界膠束濃度53,63另見cmc關(guān)鍵包裝參數(shù)(for聚集)69樣本問題75典型值70,71臨界表面張力決定43用于甲基化玻璃45-6小隱孢子蟲,去除從飲水148-9CTAB(十六

14、烷基三甲基銨溴化物)63泡沫浮選159,168Gibbs adsorption isotherm 52ionization of micelles 67, 68, 757Krafft temperature 39, 68micellization at cmc 67, 68in zeta potential measurements 121,1225DDAB (didodecyl-dimethylammoniumbromide) surfactant 87, 89Debye energy 130DebyeHckel approximation 103,114Debye length 98, 9

15、9101calculations 98, 174factors affecting 98, 99sample problem(s) 119, 120Derjaguin approximation 116detergencycolloid science in 745and surfactants 70, 725dielectric constant 93, 137of air or vacuum 94experimental measurement of 137of water 94, 173differential calculus, three-dimensional179diffuse

16、electrical double-layer(s) 945interaction between 11215theory 949thickness 99101dipoledipole interactions 129, 130dispersed particles, size range 1011dispersion forces 128, 1312dispersions 1see also colloidal solutionsDLVO theory of colloidal stability 4,12, 1401, 142applications 55experimental vali

17、dation of 141, 143double-layer theory 949see also diffuse electrical doublelayerdouble-layer thickness 99see also Debye lengthdrinking water, treatment of 11011,1467, 1489吉布斯吸附等溫線52膠束67,68,75-7的電離克拉夫特溫度39,68膠束化在cmc 67,68在電位測量121中,122-5DDAB(二十二烷基 - 二甲基銨溴化物)表面活性劑87,89德拜能量130德拜 - 赫克爾近似103,114德拜長度98,99-

18、101計算98,174影響因素98,99樣本問題119,120Derjaguin近似116去污力膠體科學(xué)在74-5和表面活性劑70,72-5介電常數(shù)93,137空氣或真空94實驗測量137的水94,173差分微積分,三維179擴(kuò)散電雙層94-5112-15之間的互動理論94-9厚度99-101偶極 - 偶極相互作用129,130分散顆粒,尺寸范圍10-11分散力128,131-2分散體1另見膠體溶液DLVO膠體穩(wěn)定性理論4,12,140-1,142申請55實驗驗證141,143雙層理論94-9另見漫電雙層雙層厚度99另見德拜長度飲用水,治療110-11,146-7,148-9dry clean

19、ing, detergency in 73du Noy ring method, surface tensionmeasured by 27Einstein, Albert 82, 129electric field, definition 95, 96electrical double-layer 945repulsion forces 113, 141electromobility of colloidal particles103, 105experimental determination of1225electrophoretic mobility of colloidalparti

20、cles, as function of zetapotential 109, 110electrophoretic retardation effect 109electrostatic potential 95decay away from charged surface99100relationship to local electric chargedensity 967see also surface potentialelectrostaticsGausss law 1356, 179Maxwells equations 95, 112emulsifying agents 801H

21、LB numbering system for 81emulsion (latex) paints 814,11719emulsion polymerization 823,11718emulsions 7992conditions required to form 7981examples 6phase separation of 81factors affecting 80uses 80, 857ferric flocs 1467experimental study of 11011film pressurein Langmuir trough 161, 162soap films 158

22、flocculation 1427and pH effects on zeta potential11011干洗,去污力73杜奈戒指法,表面張力由27測量愛因斯坦,阿爾伯特82,129電場,定義95,96電雙層94-5排斥力113,141膠體顆粒的電動性103,105實驗測定122-5膠體電泳遷移率顆粒,作為的功能潛力109,110電泳延遲效應(yīng)109靜電電位95從帶電表面衰減99-100與當(dāng)?shù)仉娰M(fèi)的關(guān)系密度96-7另見表面電位靜電學(xué)高斯定律135-6,179麥克斯韋方程95,112乳化劑80-1HLB編號系統(tǒng)81“乳液”(乳膠)油漆81-4,117-19乳液聚合82-3,117-118乳液79

23、-92形成79-81所需的條件示例6相分離81影響因素80使用80,85-7鐵絮體146-7實驗研究110-11膠片壓力在Langmuir槽161,162肥皂膜158絮凝142-7和pH對電位的影響110-11foam stabilizers 73, 85, 153foams 6, 153destruction of 157, 171factors affecting stability of 155Franklin, Benjamin 161free energyand capillary rise 213of transfer 15sample problem 75waterair int

24、erface 15see also Gibbs free energyFriel, J.M., industrial article by11719froth flotation technique 9, 323,153, 1589collector surfactant used 32, 159,168experimental study 16871first invented 159fundamental constants 173Gausss law of electrostatics 1356,179Gibbs adsorption isotherm 52derivation of 4

25、952sample problem(s) 556surfactant adsorption densitydetermined using 52Gibbs free energyfactors affecting 47surface energy in terms of 48Gibbs surface tension equation 51Gibbs theorem 61glassflotation of Ballotini beads 16871methylated 89, 8, 45critical surface tension determinedfor 456preparation

26、of 445wetting of surface 89see also silica/water interfaceglue, function of 28Goretex membranes, application using22, 23GouyChapman (GC) theory 12,97泡沫穩(wěn)定劑73,85,153泡沫6,153銷毀157,171影響穩(wěn)定性的因素155富蘭克林,本杰明161自由能量毛細(xì)血管上升21-3的轉(zhuǎn)讓15樣品問題75水 - 空氣接口15另見吉布斯自由能Friel,J.M.,工業(yè)文章117-19泡沫浮選技術(shù)9,32-3,153,158-9“收集器”表面活性劑使用3

27、2,159,168實驗研究168-71第一次發(fā)明了159基本常數(shù)173高斯定律135-6,179吉布斯吸附等溫線52派生49-52樣本問題55-6表面活性劑吸附濃使用52確定吉布斯自由能量影響因素47表面能為48吉布斯表面張力方程51吉布斯定理61玻璃浮選Ballotini珠168-71甲基化8-9,8,45臨界表面張力確定為45-6準(zhǔn)備44-5潤濕表面8-9另見二氧化硅/水界面膠水,功能28Goretex膜,應(yīng)用使用22,23Gouy-Chapman(GC)理論12,97Graham, Thomas 2, 10gravitational force 2gum arabic 85Hallimo

28、nd tube apparatus 159, 168,169experimental details 16971Hamaker constant 13440factors affecting 135sample problem(s) 151typical values 134uses 140heterocoagulation 1467historical notes 2, 1112, 1278, 161,1623HLB (hydrophilelipophile balance)numbering system for emulsifyingagents 81Hckel equation 103

29、5hydrocolloids 85hydrophilic minerals 32, 159hydrophobic minerals 32, 159ice cream 867inkjet papers, photographic-qualityprinting on 334interaction energybetween flat surfaces 115between spheres 116between spherical colloids 141sample problem(s) 150interfacial energyeffect of adsorption on 502effect

30、 of surfactants 62lowering of, in emulsions 79, 80measurement of 30solids in contact 28inverted micelles 70, 71, 73, 82ionic surfactantsadsorption isotherm for 52aggregation of, thermodynamics678examples 63solution properties 64see also CTABisoelectric point, flocs 111格雷厄姆,托馬斯2,10引力2阿拉伯膠85哈密頓管裝置159,

31、168,169實驗細(xì)節(jié)169-71Hamaker常數(shù)134-40影響因素135樣本問題151典型值134使用140異種凝固146-7歷史筆記2,11-12,127-8,161,162-3HLB(親水親油平衡)乳化編號系統(tǒng)代理人81Hckel方程103-5水膠體85親水性礦物32,159疏水礦物32,159冰淇淋86-7噴墨紙,攝影質(zhì)量打印33-4互動能量在平坦表面115之間在球體116之間在球形膠體141之間樣本問題150界面能量吸附效果為50-2表面活性劑62的作用在乳液79,80中降低測量30接觸28中的固體反膠束70,71,73,82離子表面活性劑吸附等溫線為52熱力學(xué)聚集67-8例63

32、解決方案屬性64另見CTAB等電點,絮體111Keesom energy 130Kelvin equation 245kinetic random motion 2, 3Krafft temperature 68of CTAB 39, 68lamellar bilayers 69, 82, 90Langmuir adsorption isotherm 58LangmuirBlodgett depositiontechnique 1601LangmuirBlodgett films 1667LangmuirBlodgett (LB) layers 165,166Langmuir trough 1

33、5965applications 52, 70Laplace equation 17, 156derivation of 1517sample problem(s) 35solution of 18Laplace pressureeffect of interface radius 17industrial application(s) 22large colloidal particles, Smoluchowskiequation for 1068latex coatingsdrying of film 1445, 146, 147production of 824laundry dete

34、rgents, composition of723lecithins 63, 85LED devices 165Lennard-Jones 6-12 potential 128Lifshitz theory 12, 133Hamaker constants calculated using134liposomes 69literature sources 6, 10local electric charge density,relationship to electrostaticpotential 967London dispersion forces 128, 130lubricants,

35、 LB films as 165lung surfactants 15Maxwells equations of electrostatics95, 112Keesom能量130開爾文方程24-5動力隨機(jī)運(yùn)動2,3克拉夫特溫度68的CTAB 39,68層狀雙層69,82,90朗繆爾吸附等溫線58Langmuir-Blodgett沉積物技術(shù)160-1Langmuir-Blodgett電影166-7Langmuir-Blodgett(LB)層165,166朗繆爾槽159-65申請52,70拉普拉斯方程17,156推導(dǎo)15-17樣本問題35解決方案18拉普拉斯壓力界面半徑17的影響工業(yè)應(yīng)用22大膠體

36、顆粒,Smoluchowski方程式為106-8乳膠涂料干燥薄膜144-5,146,147生產(chǎn)82-4衣物洗滌劑,組成72-3卵磷脂63,85LED裝置165倫納德瓊斯6-12潛力128Lifshitz理論12,133Hamaker常數(shù)使用134脂質(zhì)體69文獻(xiàn)來源6,10局部電荷密度,與靜電的關(guān)系潛力96-7倫敦分散力128,130潤滑劑,LB膜為165肺表面活性劑15麥克斯韋的靜電方程95,112meniscusat rod in free surface 37at Wilhelmy plate 26in capillaries 20, 25in cracks 25sample proble

37、m(s) 35methylated glass see glass, methylatedmicelles 53, 63, 64critical concentration for formationof 53, 63inverted 70, 71, 73, 82ionization of 67, 68, 757structures 70, 71microelectrophoresis 1023, 120experimental details 1225uses 103, 11012zeta potential determined using105, 121, 173microemulsio

38、nsdroplet size range 80formation of 87, 89phase behaviour 878experimental determination of889thermodynamic stability 81Mie equation 128minerals processing 4, 9, 323, 153,1589, 168molecular interactions 12734molecular organization 69see also self-assemblymonolayers 82, 160, 161in Langmuir trough 161w

39、ater evaporation reduced by 73muscovite mica 28experimental determination ofinteraction energy 141, 143napalm 73Newton black films 158non-ionic surfactantsaggregation of, thermodynamics667examples 63foams stabilized by 155nucleation of bubbles in liquids 17, 18半月板在桿的自由表面37在Wilhelmy板26在毛細(xì)血管20,25在裂縫25

40、樣本問題35甲基化玻璃見玻璃,甲基化膠束53,63,64形成的臨界濃度的53,63倒70,71,73,82電離67,68,75-7結(jié)構(gòu)70,71微電泳102-3,120實驗細(xì)節(jié)122-5使用103,110-12電位確定使用105,121,173微乳液液滴尺寸范圍80形成87,89相位行為87-8實驗測定88-9熱力學(xué)穩(wěn)定性81米氏方程128礦物加工4,9,32-3,153,158-9,168分子相互作用127-34分子組織69另見自組裝單層82,160,161在Langmuir槽161水分蒸發(fā)減少73白云母28實驗測定相互作用能141,143napalm 73牛頓黑片158非離子表面活性劑熱力

41、學(xué)聚集66-7例63泡沫穩(wěn)定在155液體中的氣泡成核17,18oil films 158oil reserves, in capillary rocks,recovery of 81oil on troubled waters phenomenon161, 167oil-in-water emulsiondroplet size range 80in ice cream 86osmotic pressure difference 11314Ostwald ripening 143paints, water-based 824, 11719pendant drop 19calculation o

42、f shape 18surface energy measured using 19permittivityof dielectric material 136effect of high freqencies 1378of free space 137, 173personal soaps 73, 153phase behaviourmicroemulsions 879surfactant concentrated solutions902phase diagrams, emulsions/microemulsions 82, 878, 88phase separationof emulsi

43、ons 81factors affecting 80photo-resist masking forsemiconductors 165photo-semiconductors 165photographic emulsions 84photographic-quality inkjet papers334pigmented inks 34plastic explosive 73Plateau border 19PMMA (polymethyl methacrylate)latex coatings 118, 145poisoning, human, treatment of 6, 57Poi

44、ssonBoltzmann (PB) equation 97,103, 113one-dimensional simplification 107,115solution of 114, 115, 1757油膜158石油儲量,毛細(xì)巖,恢復(fù)81“油麻煩的水”現(xiàn)象161,167水包油乳液液滴尺寸范圍80在冰淇淋86滲透壓差113-14奧斯特瓦爾德成熟143油漆,水性82-4,117-19吊墜19形狀計算18表面能用19測量介電常數(shù)介電材料136高頻效應(yīng)137-8的自由空間137,173個人肥皂73,153相位行為微乳87-9表面活性劑濃縮溶液90-2相圖,乳液/微乳液82,87-8,88相分離的乳

45、液81影響因素80光刻膠掩模半導(dǎo)體165光電半導(dǎo)體165攝影“乳液”84攝影質(zhì)量噴墨紙33-4著色油墨34塑料炸藥73高原邊界19PMMA(聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯)膠乳涂料118,145中毒,人,治療6,57泊松 - 玻爾茲曼(PB)方程97,103,113一維簡化107,115溶液為114,115,175-7potential energyof dipole interactions 132of ion 956protein-stabilized emulsion, in icecream 86quartz, Hamaker constants for 134,139Quirk, J.P., in

46、dustrial article by 545Rayleigh, Lord 161refractive indexlisted for various materials 139relationship to van der Waalsinteractions 139sample problem(s) 150relaxation effect 109repulsive electrostatic forces 113, 141retardation forces 1323RIFS (rod in free surface) method (formeasuring surface tensio

47、n)3742, 1634experimental details 3940, 41, 164principle 378SDS (sodium dodecyl sulphate) 63experimental determination of phasebehaviour of concentratedsolutions 912self-assembly of surfactants 63, 6870thermodynamics 658sessile drop, contact angle in 29, 42settling velocity 2factors affecting 23silan

48、ol groups, at silica (or glass)surface 8, 44, 45, 121, 168, 169silicacolloidal particles 5flotation of beads/powdered16871Hamaker constants for 139see also glass; quartzsilica/water interface, zeta potentialmeasurements 1205silver bromide, in photographicemulsions 84潛能偶極相互作用132的離子95-6蛋白穩(wěn)定的乳液,在冰中奶油86

49、石英,Hamaker常數(shù)為134,139Quirk,J.P.,工業(yè)文章54-5雷利,主161折射率上市各種材料139與范德華的關(guān)系互動139樣本問題150放松效果109排斥靜電力113,141阻力132-3RIFS(桿在自由表面)方法(for測量表面張力)37-42,163-4實驗細(xì)節(jié)39-40,41,164原則37-8SDS(十二烷基硫酸鈉)63實驗測定相行為集中解決方案91-2表面活性劑的自組裝63,68-70熱力學(xué)65-8無梗落差,接觸角在29,42沉降速度2影響2-3的因素硅烷醇基團(tuán),在二氧化硅(或玻璃)表面8,44,45,121,168,169二氧化硅膠體顆粒5浮選珠/粉168-71

50、Hamaker常數(shù)為139另見玻璃;石英二氧化硅/水界面,電位測量值120-5溴化銀,攝影乳液84Smoluchowski equation 1068, 121corrections to 10810soap bubbles 13, 14, 158soap filmscolours 158factors affecting thickness 158soaps 62soils 545see also clay domainssols, examples 6spectral absorption peaks, and van derWaals interactions 139spreading

51、coefficient 32Stokess law 105styrene acrylic coatings 118superposition principle 114sample problem(s) 119surface area, and colloids 67surface charge density 1012calculations 174sample problem(s) 119surface energyequivalence to surface tension1315Gibbs free energy relationship 48of liquidsmethods for determining 1721typical values listed 7of solids, methods for determining2733surface excess concentration 49surface film pressure 161, 162surface potential

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