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1、職稱英語等級考試?yán)砉b精講班課程第五講 完型填空本講主要內(nèi)容:1 2008年職稱英語詞匯大綱新增內(nèi)容(2);2 2008年理工ab級完型填空推薦文章;3 完型填空在線作業(yè); 2008年職稱英語詞匯大綱新增內(nèi)容(2):2008年職稱英語等級考試大綱上新增首字母為b的單詞:c 級:beware(當(dāng)心, 小心)(比較:aware/知道的, 意識(shí)到的, ware/制造品, hardware/硬件, software/軟件)be aware of /be conscious of/知道, 意識(shí)到e.g. beware of the computer(計(jì)算機(jī)) virus(病毒). 當(dāng)心計(jì)算機(jī)病毒bew
2、are of be careful of當(dāng)心, 注意bioengineer(生物工程師) 比較:biotechnology 生物技術(shù)gene 遺傳基因, clone 克隆a 級:blunder(大錯(cuò))blunder error mistake 錯(cuò)誤make a blunder/mistake/errore.g. to err is human. 人非圣人,孰能無過。 2008年理工ab完型填空推薦文章;debate over the use of renewable energy ausubel of rockefeller university in new york, us. says t
3、he key renewable energy sources, including sun, wind and biofuels, would all require vast 1 of land if developed up to large scale production1 unlike nuclear power. that land would be far better left alone2, he says. renewables look attractive when they are quite 2 . but if we start producing renewa
4、ble energy on a large scale, the fallout is going to be horrible. instead, ausubel argues 3 renewed development of nuclear. ausubel draws his conclusions by analysing the amount of energy renewables, natural gas and nuclear can produce in terms of power per square metre of land used3. moreover, he c
5、laims that as renewable energy use increases, this measure of efficiency4 will 4 as the best land for wind, biofuels, and solar power gets used up. using biofuels to obtain the 5 amount of energy as a 1000 megawatt nuclear power plant would require 2500 square kilometres of farm 6 , ausubel says. we
6、 should be sparing land for nature5, not using it as pasture for cars and trucks, he adds. solar power is much more efficient than biofuel in terms of the area of land 7 , but it would still require 150 square kilometres of photovoltaic cells to 8 the energy production of the 1000 mw nuclear plant.
7、in another example, he says meeting the 2005 us electricity demand via wind power alone would need 780,000 square kilometres, an area the size of texas. however, several experts are highly critical 9 ausubels conclusions. john turner of the us governments national renewable energy laboratory says th
8、at 10 the us got all of its power from solar energy, it would still need less than half the amount of land that has been paved over for highways. further, it need not 11 additional land. the us could get a quarter of its energy just from covering rooftops of 12 buildings, he says. according to turne
9、r, the same dual use also applies to wind power6. the footprint for wind7 is only 5% of the land that it 13 . farmers can still farm the land that the turbines are on8. turner says looking solely at land use is an oversimplification of the 14 . im not sure id want to build one of these nuclear plant
10、s in afghanistan9, but we could 15 put in wind and solar power, he adds.詞匯:renewable adj. 可再生的 n. 可再生能源photovoltaic adj. 光電的rooftop n. 屋頂 biofuel n 生物燃料footprint n. 足跡,影響區(qū)域fallout n. 余波,結(jié)果turbine n. 渦輪機(jī)megawatt n. 兆瓦 pasture n. 牧場,牧地oversimplification n. 過于簡單化注釋:1. if developed up to large scale pro
11、duction:如果開發(fā)達(dá)到大規(guī)模的程度。 if developed up to large scale production if (the key renewable energy sources were) developed up to large scale production2.that land would be far better left alone:保留那一片土地遠(yuǎn)比使用它為好。(be) left alone 是“別動(dòng)它”的意思。如: leave him alone. he can solve the problem himself. (不要打攪他。他自己會(huì)解決問題的。
12、)3.ausubel draws his conclusions by analysing the amount of energy renewables, natural gas and nuclear can produce in terms of power per square metre of land used:ausubel 用每平方公尺土地與產(chǎn)生的能量的比率這一方法,對可再生能源、天然氣和核電廠發(fā)出多少能量進(jìn)行分析,從而得出他的結(jié)論。 (that) renewables, natural gas and nuclear can produce in terms of power
13、 per square metre of land used 是定語從句,修飾 the amount of energy, 關(guān)系動(dòng)詞 that 省略。in terms of 是 “按照,依據(jù)”。如: we cannot measure everything in term of money. (我們不能用金錢來衡量每一件事。)4.this measure of efficiency:這種效率的值。measure 這里指“值的大小”。5.we should be sparing land for nature:我們應(yīng)該將土地留給自然。spare 是“免去,免遭”。如: call him and
14、you will spare a visit. (打個(gè)電話給他,省得自己跑一趟。)6.the same dual use also applies to wind power:同樣的“雙重利用土地” 也適用于風(fēng)力發(fā)電7.the footprint for wind:風(fēng)力發(fā)電占用的土地。footprint 在此的意思是“影響區(qū)”。wind 實(shí)際上指的是“風(fēng)力發(fā)電”。8.farmers can still farm the land that the turbines are on:農(nóng)民在渦輪機(jī)占用的土地上仍然可以耕種。 farmers can still farm the land that t
15、he turbines are on farmers can still farm the land on which the turbines are9.im not sure id want to build one of these nuclear plants in afghanistan:我確定不了我是否還想在阿富汗建立一個(gè)這樣的核電廠。這是一種委婉的英語表達(dá)方式 (understatement),其真正要表達(dá)的意思是:我不想在阿富汗建立一個(gè)這樣的核電廠。練習(xí):1.a) figuresb) amountsc) numbersd) digits2.a) smallb) hugec) l
16、ittled) vast3.a) atb) overc) ford) against4.a) expandb) minimizec) enlarged) decrease5.a) sameb) similarc) aliked) identical6.a) regionb) sitec) aread) land7.a) leasedb) cultivatedc) usedd) purchased8.a) patchb) matchc) catchd) fetch9.a) inb) withc) ofd) on10.a) even ifb) only if c) what ifd) as if1
17、1.a) lock upb) take upc) give upd) step up12.a) toweringb) interestingc) nicelookingd) existing13.a) surroundsb) containsc) includesd) covers14.a) issueb) stuffc) summaryd) suggestion15.a) doubtfully b) supposedlyc) certainlyd) honestly答案與解析:1分析文章主題: debate over(關(guān)于.的爭論) the use(使用) of renewable(可再生的
18、) energy(能量)文章主題詞:renewable energy, debate, use2. 直接解題:1.a) figures b) amounts c) numbersd) digitsausubel of rockefeller(洛克菲勒) university in new york(紐約), us. says the key(關(guān)鍵, 鑰匙,答案) renewable(可再生的) energy sources(能源), including(包括) sun, wind and biofuels(生物燃料), would all(全部) require(需要,要求) vast(遼闊的
19、) 1 of land(土地,陸地, 著陸) if(they are) developed (被發(fā)展)up to large scale production (大規(guī)模生產(chǎn)) unlike(與.不同) nuclear power(核動(dòng)力) . 1.b雖然四個(gè)選項(xiàng)的詞 (figures 數(shù)字, 體形,考慮(figure out計(jì)算出/斷定), amounts 數(shù)量, 總計(jì),numbers 數(shù)目,digits 阿拉伯?dāng)?shù)字) 都是與數(shù)字有關(guān)的,在vast. of修飾不可數(shù)名詞 land ,因此需要用 amounts。b 是答案。that land would be far(更加, 遙遠(yuǎn)的) bett
20、er (when it is) left alone, he says. leave.alone 不管. 2.a) small(小的, 少的)b) huge(巨大的, 極大的)c) little(很少的, 短暫的, 矮小的) d) vast(巨大的, 遼闊的, 大量的)renewables (可再生能源)look attractive(吸引人的) when they are quite(十分, 相當(dāng)) 2 . 2.a在 “renewables look attractive when they are quite _?_. but if we start producing renewable
21、 energy on a large scale, the fallout is going to be horrible”這兩個(gè)句子之間,有個(gè)連詞 but, 說明兩個(gè)句子的意思相反。后一句說,如果大規(guī)模開發(fā)可再生能源,其后果十分可怕。既然 “大規(guī)?!?、“可怕”,前一句填入空格的詞應(yīng)該與之相反。選項(xiàng) a 是 small ,正符合要求,a 是答案??键c(diǎn):上下文之間的意義。but(但是) if we start(開始) producing(生產(chǎn)) renewable energy on a large scale(大規(guī)模地) , the fallout(附帶結(jié)果) is going to (將會(huì).
22、)be horrible(可怕的). 3.a) atb) overc) ford) againstinstead(代替)(instead of using renewable energy), ausubel argues 3 renewed(更新的,重建的) development(發(fā)展) of nuclear(核能). 3.causubel 是不贊成大規(guī)模開發(fā)可再生能源的?!翱?”后出現(xiàn) nuclear, 可以合理地推論出,這是他贊同的能源。所以要選 c 的for( argue for.(爭論以支持.)。 argue over (就進(jìn)行爭論), argue against (爭論以反對.)
23、 都不符合上下文的意思。. ausubel draws his conclusions by (通過.得出結(jié)論)analyzing(分析) the amount of energy renewables, natural gas (天然氣)and nuclear can produce(生產(chǎn),結(jié)(果), 創(chuàng)作) in terms of (根據(jù).,按照.) power per(每) square metre(平方米) of land used (被用的). 4.a) expand(使膨脹, 擴(kuò)大)b) minimize(把.減到最少)c) enlarge(擴(kuò)大, 放大)d) decrease(減
24、少)moreover(而且), he claims(聲稱, 主張) that as(當(dāng)) renewable energy use(使用) increases(增加), this measure(測量, 估量) of efficiency(功效, 效率)will 4 as(隨著, 當(dāng)) the best(最好的) land for wind, biofuels, and solar power(太陽能) gets used up(用光) .4.d“空4”前面一句說,ausubel 對可再生能源、天然氣和核電廠發(fā)出的電量與其占用土地的量的比值作一比較?!翱?”所在的句子說,隨著風(fēng)力發(fā)電、生物燃料
25、發(fā)電和太陽能發(fā)電占用的最好的土地逐漸用完,這個(gè)效率比值會(huì)發(fā)生什么變化呢?從 gets used up 分析,效率比值應(yīng)該變小才對。所以要選 d的 decrease。minimize (使最小化)不符合上下文的意思。5.a) same(相同的)b) similar(相似的)c) alike(相似的, 類似地)d) identical(同樣的)6.a) region(區(qū)域,地方)b) site(場所, 現(xiàn)場, 遺址)c) area(區(qū)域, 面積, 領(lǐng)域)d) land using biofuels(生物燃料) to obtain(獲得) the 5 amount of energy as a 10
26、00 megawatt(兆瓦特) nuclear power plant (核電站)would require(需要) 2500 square kilometers of farm 6 , ausubel says. 5.a從句子的意思和詞的搭配上看,填入 “空5”的詞是選項(xiàng) a 的 same。sameas 是固定搭配。填入 same 之后,句子的意思也完整了,即:用生物燃料得到與 1000 兆瓦核電廠相同的能量需要 2500 平方公里的耕地。6.dland在前文中出現(xiàn)過, 因此land成為答案的可能性較大。region 和area詞義十分接近, 可以彼此排除掉, b出現(xiàn)在空格中不合適。 fa
27、rm land的含義為耕地。 we should be sparing(節(jié)約, 多余的, 剩下的) land for nature(自然), not using it as(作為) pasture(牧場,草原) for cars and trucks(卡車), he adds(增加, 補(bǔ)充說).7.a) leased(出租, 租借)b) cultivated(耕耘, 培養(yǎng))c) usedd) purchased(購買)8.a) patch(修補(bǔ), 碎片)b) match(相匹配)c) catch(捕捉,趕上(車),感染(疾?。?d) fetch(取來,帶來) solar power(太陽能)i
28、s much more (更加)efficient(有效率的) than biofuel in terms of the area(面積) of land 7 , but it would still(仍然, 更,禁止的) require(需要) 150 square kilometers (平方公里) of photovoltaic cells (光電池)to 8 the energy production(發(fā)電) of the 1000 mw(兆瓦) nuclear plant(核工廠). 7.c“空7”所在的句子的意思是: 根據(jù).土地計(jì)算,太陽能的效率比生物燃料的效率高得多 。最適合填入
29、的詞是 c 的 used。其它三個(gè)選項(xiàng) leased (租借)、cultivated (耕種)、purchased (購買)都不符合上下文的意思。8.b本題只能選 b 的 match (相匹配),其它三個(gè)選項(xiàng),即 patch (補(bǔ)綴)、catch (捕捉)、fetch (取來) 只是與 match 發(fā)音接近,意思與上下文不匹配。in another(另外的) example(例子), he says meeting the 2005 us electricity demand(滿足.的需要) via(通過) wind power alone(單獨(dú)地,單獨(dú)的) would need 780,00
30、0 square kilometres, an area(面積)(of) the size(大小,尺寸) of texas(得克薩斯州).9.a) inb) withc) ofd) on however(然而), several(幾個(gè)的) experts(專家) are highly(非常) critical 9 ausubels conclusions(結(jié)論). 9.ccritical 要求后接 of。c 是答案。10.a) even if(即使)b) only if(只有當(dāng).) c) what if(如果.怎么辦)d) as if(仿佛)john turner of the us gove
31、rnment(政府)s national(國家的) renewable energy laboratory(實(shí)驗(yàn)室) says that 10 the us got(獲得) all of its power from solar energy, it would still need less than (少于)half the amount of land that has been paved(鋪(路)) over for highways(公路). 10.a從“空10”所在的句子分析:the us got all of its power from solar energy 應(yīng)該是賓語從
32、句中的讓步狀語從句,選 a 的 even if 是對的。only if (只有當(dāng).)、what if (如果怎么辦)、as if (仿佛)從其分別得使用特點(diǎn)上看都不能出現(xiàn)在空格處。e.g. only if you pass(通過) the driving test (駕車考試)can you get drivers license(駕照). e.g. what if my mother knows i lied to (向.說謊) her? 如果我媽媽知道我說了謊話怎么辦?e.g. he looks as if he didnt sleep(睡覺) last night(昨晚).他看起來就像昨
33、晚沒有睡覺的樣子11.a) lock up(鎖上)b) take up(占據(jù), 開始從事)c) give up(放棄)d) step up(逐步增加, 提升)further(此外, 更遠(yuǎn)地, 更遠(yuǎn)的), it need not 11 additional(附加的, 額外的) land. 11.b本題只能選 b 的 take up (占用),因?yàn)橛蒙?take up 后,上下文的意思就連貫了。其它三個(gè)選項(xiàng),即 lock up(鎖上)、give up (放棄)、step up (逐步增加) 的意思與上下文不匹配。12.a) towering(高聳的, 杰出的)b) interesting(有趣的)
34、c) nicelooking(樣子好看的)d) existing(現(xiàn)有的)the us could get a quarter of (1/4) its energy just(僅僅) from covering(鋪設(shè)的) rooftops(屋頂) of 12 buildings(建筑物), he says.12.d“空12”所在的句子的意思是: 美國僅僅從 ? 大樓的樓頂(鋪設(shè)的太陽能電池板)中就能得到四分之一的能量。從意思連貫的角度選擇,選項(xiàng) d 的 existing 最符合題意。 according to (根據(jù))turner, the same dual(雙重的) use also a
35、pplies to(適用于.) wind power (風(fēng)能). 13.a) surrounds(圍繞)b) contains(包含, 容納)c) includes(包括, 包含)d) covers(覆蓋,包括, 蓋子, 封面 )the footprint(足跡,影響區(qū)域) for wind is only 5% of the land that it 13 . farmers can still farm(耕種, 農(nóng)場) the land that the turbines(渦輪) are on(處于工作狀態(tài)中). 13.d本段第一句用了 “dual use”。第二句說風(fēng)力發(fā)電占用土地的百分
36、數(shù) (土地的第一個(gè)用途)。第三句說建有渦輪發(fā)電機(jī)的土地仍然可以用于耕種 (土地的第二個(gè)用途)?!翱?3”要填的動(dòng)詞應(yīng)該是 d 的 covers (覆蓋)。the land that it (指代 wind) covers, 意為 “風(fēng)力發(fā)電所覆蓋的土地”。14.a) issue(問題, 期, 出版, 流出, 發(fā)行(鈔票)b) stuff(原料,材料, 塞滿)c) summary(摘要, 概要)d) suggestion(建議, 暗示)turner says(說) looking solely(單獨(dú)地) at (看)land use is an oversimplification(過于單純化)
37、 of the 14 . 14.a從上下文看,應(yīng)該是對占用土地問題的過度簡單化。選項(xiàng) a 的 issue (問題) 正是上下文缺失的詞。stuff 、summary 、suggestion 都不對。15.a) doubtfully(懷疑地) b) supposedly(按照推測)c) certainly(的確, 當(dāng)然)d) honestly(真誠地,公開地)im not sure(對.有把握的,的確) id want to (想要) build(修建) one of these nuclear plants(核工廠) in afghanistan(阿富汗) , but we could 15
38、put in(在.上投入資金/時(shí)間, 打斷談話) wind and solar power, he adds.15.c“空15”所在句子的前半句是說不會(huì)在阿富汗建造核電站,后半句用 but 開始,說明前半句和后半句的意思相反。前半句用了 im not sure,后半句用 選項(xiàng) c 的 certainly, 與 not sure 的意思相反,是很合理的。在線作業(yè):car thieves could be stopped remotely speeding off in a stolen car, the thief thinks he has got a great catchbut he is
39、 in a nasty surprisethe car is fitted with a remote immobilizer(使車輛不能調(diào)動(dòng)的裝置), and a radio signal from a control center miles away will ensure that once the thief switches the engine _1_ ,he will not be able to start it again for now, such devices _2_ only available for fleets of trucks and specialist
40、 vehicles used on construction sitesbut remote immobilization technology could soon start to trickle down to ordinary carsand _3_ be available to ordinary cars in the uk _4_ two months the idea goes like thisa control box fitted to the car incorporates _5_ miniature cellphone,a microprocessor and me
41、mory, and a gps satellite positioning receiver _6_ the car is stolen, a coded cellphone signal will tell the unit to block the vehicles engine management system and prevent the engine _7_ restartedthere are even plans for immobilizers _8_ shut down vehicles on the move,though there are fears over th
42、e safety implications of such a systemin the ukan array of technical fixes is already making _9_ harder for car thieves“the pattern of vehicles crime has changed,”says martyn randall of thatchama security research organization based in berkshire that is funded in part _10_ the motor insurance indust
43、ry he says it would only take him a few minutes to _11_ a novice how to steal a car, using a bare minimum of toolsbut only if the cal-is more than 10 years old modern cars are a far tougher proposition,as their engine management computer will not _12_ them to start unless they receive a unique id co
44、de beamed out by the ignition keyin the uk,technologies like this _13_ achieve a 31 per cent drop in vehicle-related crime since 1997 but determined criminals ore still managing to find other ways to steal carsoften by getting hold of the owners keys in a burglaryin 2000,12 per cent of vehicles stol
45、en in the uk were taken using the owners keys double the previous years figure remote-controlled immobilization system would _14_ a major new obstacle in the criminals way by making such thefts pointlessa group that includes thatcham,the police,insurance companies and security technology firms have developed standards for a system that could go on the market sooner than the _15_ expects詞匯:immobilizern使車輛不能調(diào)動(dòng)的裝置tricklev慢慢移動(dòng)cellp
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