中級經(jīng)濟(jì)師考試經(jīng)濟(jì)基礎(chǔ)復(fù)習(xí)重點

1、專業(yè)好文檔2013年中級經(jīng)濟(jì)師考試經(jīng)濟(jì)基礎(chǔ)復(fù)習(xí)重點一、物權(quán)的概念和特征(一)物權(quán)的概念物權(quán)是特定社會人與人之間對物的占有關(guān)系在法律上的表現(xiàn)，是法律確認(rèn)的主體對物依法享有的支配權(quán)利，即權(quán)利人在法定范圍內(nèi)直接支配一定的物，并排斥他人干涉的權(quán)利。(二)物權(quán)的特征1、物權(quán)與債權(quán)的聯(lián)系(1)物權(quán)和債權(quán)構(gòu)成了市場經(jīng)濟(jì)社會的最基本的財產(chǎn)權(quán)利。(2)在商品經(jīng)濟(jì)條件下，人和財產(chǎn)的結(jié)合表現(xiàn)為物權(quán)，當(dāng)財產(chǎn)進(jìn)入流通領(lǐng)域之后，在不同主體之間的交換則體現(xiàn)為債權(quán)。主體享有物權(quán)是交換的前提，交換過程則表現(xiàn)為債權(quán)，交換的結(jié)果往往導(dǎo)致物權(quán)的讓渡和移轉(zhuǎn)。2、物權(quán)與債權(quán)的區(qū)別(1)物權(quán)是絕對權(quán)(對世權(quán));債權(quán)是相對權(quán)(對*)物權(quán)的權(quán)

2、利主體是特定的，而義務(wù)主體是權(quán)利人之外的不特定的一切人。債權(quán)的權(quán)利主體和義務(wù)主體都是特定的，債權(quán)人的請求權(quán)只對特定的債務(wù)人發(fā)生效力。(2)物權(quán)屬于支配權(quán);債權(quán)屬于請求權(quán)物權(quán)的權(quán)利人不必依賴他人的幫助就能行使其權(quán)利。債權(quán)的權(quán)利人一般不直接支配一定的物，而是請求債務(wù)人依照債的規(guī)定履行義務(wù)，即債權(quán)必須有相對的義務(wù)人給予協(xié)助方可順利實現(xiàn)。(3)物權(quán)是法定的，物權(quán)的設(shè)定采用法定主義;物權(quán)的種類和基本內(nèi)容由法律規(guī)定，不允許當(dāng)事人自由創(chuàng)設(shè)物權(quán)種類。債權(quán)特別是合同債權(quán)，主要由當(dāng)事人自由確定。(4)物權(quán)的客體一般為物物權(quán)的標(biāo)的一般是特定物、獨立物、有體物。【注】行為、智力成果和人身利益均不能成為物權(quán)的客體。債權(quán)

3、一般直接指向的是行為，而間接涉及物。在債權(quán)關(guān)系存續(xù)期間，債權(quán)人一般不直接占有債務(wù)人的財產(chǎn)，只有在債務(wù)人交付財產(chǎn)以后，債權(quán)人才能直接支配物。(5)物權(quán)具有追及效力和優(yōu)先效力物權(quán)的追及效力。：物權(quán)的標(biāo)的物無論輾轉(zhuǎn)流向何處，權(quán)利人均得追及于物之所在地行使其權(quán)利，依法請求不法占有人返還原物。:債權(quán)原則上不具有追及的效力。債權(quán)的標(biāo)的物在沒有移轉(zhuǎn)所有權(quán)之前，債務(wù)人非法轉(zhuǎn)讓并由第三人占有時，債權(quán)人不得請求物的占有人返還財產(chǎn)，只能請求債務(wù)人履行債務(wù)和承擔(dān)違約責(zé)任。物權(quán)的優(yōu)先效力。：當(dāng)物權(quán)與債權(quán)并存時，物權(quán)優(yōu)先于債權(quán)。【注】物權(quán)優(yōu)于債權(quán)不是絕對的，如“買賣不破租賃”原則，是指租賃物交付后的租賃權(quán)不因租賃物所有權(quán)

4、的轉(zhuǎn)移或其他物權(quán)的設(shè)定而受到影響。:同一標(biāo)的物上存在著兩個或兩個以上內(nèi)容或性質(zhì)相同的物權(quán)時，成立在先的物權(quán)優(yōu)先于成立在后的物權(quán)。債權(quán)不具有這種對內(nèi)優(yōu)先的效力，在同一物上可以設(shè)立多個債權(quán)，各個債權(quán)都具有平等的效力，債權(quán)人在依法受償時都是平等的。【例題1：多選】與債權(quán)相比，下列關(guān)于物權(quán)的特征表述正確的有()a物權(quán)是對*b物權(quán)是法定的c物權(quán)屬于支配權(quán)d物權(quán)的客體一般為物和行為e當(dāng)物權(quán)與債權(quán)并存時，物權(quán)優(yōu)先于債權(quán)【答案】bce【例題2：2011年單選】關(guān)于物權(quán)與債權(quán)區(qū)別的說法，錯誤的是()。a.物權(quán)是支配權(quán)，債權(quán)是請求權(quán)b.物權(quán)為絕對權(quán)，債權(quán)為相對權(quán)c.物權(quán)不允許當(dāng)事人自由創(chuàng)設(shè)，債權(quán)主要由當(dāng)事人自由確

5、定d.物權(quán)具有優(yōu)先力與追及力，債權(quán)只有追及力【答案】d二、物權(quán)法的基本原則物權(quán)法的基本原則主要包括物權(quán)法定原則、一物一權(quán)原則和物權(quán)公示原則。1.物權(quán)法定原則物權(quán)法定原則，是指物權(quán)的種類、內(nèi)容、效力、得喪變更及其保護(hù)的方法均源自法律的直接規(guī)定，當(dāng)事人不得自由地創(chuàng)設(shè)。2.一物一權(quán)原則一個特定的標(biāo)的物上只有一個所有權(quán)。一個所有權(quán)的客體僅為一個獨立物，集合物原則上不能成為一個所有權(quán)的客體，而只能成為多個所有權(quán)的客體。同一物上不得設(shè)有兩個以上相互沖突和矛盾的物權(quán)。同一物之上可以并存數(shù)個不相矛盾的物權(quán)。例如所有權(quán)與他物權(quán)同時并存;在同一物之上設(shè)定數(shù)個不相矛盾的擔(dān)保權(quán)等。3.物權(quán)公示原則物權(quán)公示原則，是指民

6、事主體對物權(quán)的享有與變動均應(yīng)采取可取信于社會公眾的外部表現(xiàn)方式的原則。物權(quán)公示原則的具體內(nèi)容包括：物權(quán)的公示方法必須由法律規(guī)定。物權(quán)法第6條規(guī)定：“不動產(chǎn)物權(quán)的設(shè)立、變更、轉(zhuǎn)讓和消滅，應(yīng)當(dāng)依照法律規(guī)定登記。動產(chǎn)物權(quán)的設(shè)立和轉(zhuǎn)讓，應(yīng)當(dāng)依照法律規(guī)定交付?！蔽餀?quán)公示的效力必須由法律規(guī)定。依照我國法律的規(guī)定，普通的動產(chǎn)一經(jīng)交付，便發(fā)生所有權(quán)轉(zhuǎn)移的后果;不動產(chǎn)的轉(zhuǎn)讓一經(jīng)辦理登記手續(xù)，便發(fā)生該不動產(chǎn)的所有權(quán)轉(zhuǎn)移的法律后果?！咀ⅰ繛榉乐挂环績少u的發(fā)生，我國物權(quán)法建立了“預(yù)告登記”制度。預(yù)告登記，是指為保全一項請求權(quán)而進(jìn)行的不動產(chǎn)登記，該項請求權(quán)所要達(dá)到的目的，是在將來發(fā)生不動產(chǎn)物權(quán)變動。【注1】物權(quán)法第20

7、條規(guī)定，“當(dāng)事人簽訂買賣房屋或者其他不動產(chǎn)物權(quán)的協(xié)議，為保障將來實現(xiàn)物權(quán)，按照約定可以向登記機(jī)構(gòu)申請預(yù)告登記。預(yù)告登記后，未經(jīng)預(yù)告登記的權(quán)利人同意，處分該不動產(chǎn)的，不發(fā)生物權(quán)效力。預(yù)告登記后，債權(quán)消滅或者自能夠進(jìn)行不動產(chǎn)登記之日起三個月內(nèi)未申請登記的，預(yù)告登記失效?！薄咀?】傳統(tǒng)的不動產(chǎn)物權(quán)登記都是針對現(xiàn)實的不動產(chǎn)物權(quán)進(jìn)行登記，而預(yù)告登記所登記的，不是不動產(chǎn)物權(quán)，而是目的在于將來發(fā)生不動產(chǎn)物權(quán)變動的請求權(quán)?！咀?】預(yù)告登記的本質(zhì)特征是使被登記的請求權(quán)具有物權(quán)的效力，也就是說，經(jīng)過預(yù)告登記之后的請求權(quán)，對后來發(fā)生的與該項請求權(quán)內(nèi)容相同的不動產(chǎn)物權(quán)的處分行為，具有對抗的效力?！纠}3：2012年多

8、選】物權(quán)法的基本原則包括()。a.物權(quán)法定原則b.誠實信用原則c.平等自愿原則d.一物一權(quán)原則e.物權(quán)公示原則【答案】ade【例題4：多選題】甲向乙出售房屋并訂立買賣合同。雙方約定：乙應(yīng)在一年內(nèi)分期支付完畢價款;甲先將房屋交付乙使用，一年后轉(zhuǎn)移所有權(quán)。房屋交付后，雙方前往房屋登記機(jī)構(gòu)辦理了預(yù)告登記。下列表述中，正確的有()。a.乙已取得房屋所有權(quán)b.若甲未經(jīng)乙同意，將房屋另行出賣給丙，則甲、丙的買賣合同無效c.若甲未經(jīng)乙同意，將房屋另行出賣給丙，則該買賣行為不能發(fā)生物權(quán)效力d.若甲因為乙沒有按期支付價款而依法解除合同，則預(yù)告登記失效e.若乙自能夠進(jìn)行不動產(chǎn)登記之日起三個月內(nèi)未申請登記的，預(yù)告登

9、記失效【答案】cde【解析】本題中，由于雙方?jīng)]有辦理正式的登記，因此乙并沒有取得房屋所有權(quán)，a選項錯誤;預(yù)告登記的作用在于使得權(quán)利人擅自處分不動產(chǎn)時不發(fā)生物權(quán)變動效力，而對合同的效力沒有影響，因此甲丙簽訂的買賣合同還是有效的，b選項錯誤，c選項正確;預(yù)告登記后債權(quán)消滅或者自能夠進(jìn)行不動產(chǎn)登記之日起三個月內(nèi)未申請登記的，預(yù)告登記失效。d選項正確、e選項正確。winger tuivasa-sheck, who scored two tries in the kiwis 20-18 semi-final win over england, has been passed fit after a lo

10、wer-leg injury, while slater has been named at full-back but is still recovering from a knee injury aggravated against usa.both sides boast 100% records heading into the encounter but australia have not conceded a try since josh charnleys effort in their first pool match against england on the openi

11、ng day.aussie winger jarryd hayne is the competitions top try scorer with nine, closely followed by tuivasa-sheck with eight.but it is recently named rugby league international federation player of the year sonny bill williams who has attracted the most interest in the tournament so far.the kiwi - w

12、ith a tournament high 17 offloads - has the chance of becoming the first player to win the world cup in both rugby league and rugby union after triumphing with the all blacks in 2011.id give every award back in a heartbeat just to get across the line this weekend, said williams.the (lack of) air up

13、there watch mcayman islands-based webb, the head of fifas anti-racism taskforce, is in london for the football associations 150th anniversary celebrations and will attend citys premier league match at chelsea on sunday.i am going to be at the match tomorrow and i have asked to meet yaya toure, he to

14、ld bbc sport.for me its about how he felt and i would like to speak to him first to find out what his experience was.uefa hasopened disciplinary proceedings against cskafor the racist behaviour of their fans duringcitys 2-1 win.michel platini, president of european footballs governing body, has also

15、 ordered an immediate investigation into the referees actions.cska said they were surprised and disappointed by toures complaint. in a statement the russian side added: we found no racist insults from fans of cska. baumgartner the disappointing news: mission aborted.the supersonic descent could happ

16、en as early as sunda.the weather plays an important role in this mission. starting at the ground, conditions have to be very calm - winds less than 2 mph, with no precipitation or humidity and limited cloud cover. the balloon, with capsule attached, will move through the lower level of the atmospher

17、e (the troposphere) where our day-to-day weather lives. it will climb higher than the tip of mount everest (5.5 miles/8.85 kilometers), drifting even higher than the cruising altitude of commercial airliners (5.6 miles/9.17 kilometers) and into the stratosphere. as he crosses the boundary layer (cal

18、led the tropopause),e can expect a lot of turbulence.the balloon will slowly drift to the edge of space at 120,000 feet ( then, i would assume, he will slowly step out onto something resembling an olympic diving platform.they blew it in 2008 when they got caught cold in the final and they will not m

19、ake the same mistake against the kiwis in manchester.five years ago they cruised through to the final and so far history has repeated itself here - the last try they conceded was scored by englands josh charnley in the opening game of the tournament.that could be classed as a weakness, a team under-cooked - but i have been impressed by the kangaroos focus in their games since then.they have been concentrating on the sort of stuff that wins you tough, even contests - strong defence, especially on their own goal-line, completing sets and a good kick-chase. theyve been great at all the ungl