人教版-高一英語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)從句全面講解與練習(xí)

1、精品文檔定語(yǔ)從句定語(yǔ)：定語(yǔ)用來(lái)限定、修飾名詞或代詞的，是對(duì)名詞或代詞起修飾、限定作用的詞、短語(yǔ)或句子，漢語(yǔ)中常用 的表示。例如 a clever boy the boiling waterfallen leaves? The boy in the classroom needs a pen.? The man standing there is my teacher.定語(yǔ)從句：一個(gè)句子充當(dāng)定語(yǔ)The boy who is reading needs the pen.單詞作定語(yǔ)時(shí)通常放在它所修飾的詞之前，作前置定語(yǔ)。短語(yǔ)和從句作定語(yǔ)時(shí)則放在所修飾的詞之后，作后置定語(yǔ)。I .概念：(1)定語(yǔ)從句：

2、在主從復(fù)合句中用作定語(yǔ)的從句叫定語(yǔ)從句。定語(yǔ)從句一般緊接在先行詞后面。(2)先行詞：被定語(yǔ)從句修飾的成份。先行詞可以為一個(gè)詞，短語(yǔ)，或整個(gè)主句。(3)關(guān)系詞：引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的詞，并代替先行詞在從句中擔(dān)任一定的成分。分為關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞。(4)定語(yǔ)從句基本構(gòu)成：先行詞 +關(guān)系詞+從句A)關(guān)系詞的作用：1)引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，連接主句和從句，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)連詞；隨意編輯2）必在從句中 作某個(gè)句子成份 （可以做主語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)，表語(yǔ)，定語(yǔ)，狀語(yǔ)）定語(yǔ)從句的明導(dǎo)指人卜 who（主唐、其諳卜 whom（賓語(yǔ)） I th丁（主 語(yǔ)、其語(yǔ)入 whose（定語(yǔ)）關(guān)系副司I.The student who answered t

3、he question was John.2. I know the reason why he was so angry.3. The boy （whom） you are talking to is my brother.4. I d like a room whose window looks out overthe sea.B）簡(jiǎn)單句變定語(yǔ)從句例 1 : The girl is Mary. The girl is standing there.The girl （who is standing there ） is Mary.如何改寫(xiě)定語(yǔ)從句？1、找準(zhǔn)主句和從句，并找出兩個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句的共有

4、成分，確定先行詞。2、將從句中的共有成分去掉。3.找準(zhǔn)關(guān)系詞，用關(guān)系詞引導(dǎo)從句剩下的部分，并緊接在被修飾詞（先行詞）之后。例 2 ： A plane is a machine. The machine can fly.例 3 : The girl is Mary.We saw her yesterday.C）定語(yǔ)從句選擇關(guān)系詞三步曲：第一找出先行詞；第二看先行詞在定語(yǔ)從句中的語(yǔ)法功能（做主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ)）；第三選擇合適的關(guān)系詞。n .幾個(gè)關(guān)系代詞的基本用法： that:可指人或物；在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)，表語(yǔ)。（指人時(shí)，相當(dāng)于who或whom ;指物時(shí)，相當(dāng)于which）（般不用于非限制性定

5、語(yǔ)從句；不可置于介詞后作賓語(yǔ)）如：1. A letter that/which is written in pencil is difficult to read.（主語(yǔ)）2. Do you know the gentleman that/who spoke just now?3. You can take anything （that） you like.（賓語(yǔ)）4. What is the question （that/which） they are talking about?5. Here is the man （ who/whom/that ） you want to see. wh

6、ich:指物；在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)如：1. The book which/that was on the desk was bought by my father.（主語(yǔ)）2. The book （which/that） I bought yesterday is very interesting.（賓語(yǔ)）3. He was proud, which his brother never was.（表語(yǔ)） who, whom, whose:who:主格，在從句中作主語(yǔ)，在口語(yǔ)或非正式用法中作賓語(yǔ)；只可指人whom:賓格，在從句中作賓語(yǔ)；只可指人whose:屬格，在從句中作 定語(yǔ)，可指人也可指

7、物。I like the students who/that work hard.（主語(yǔ)）All who heard the story were amazed.（ 代詞如 he, they, any, those, all, one等后多用 who.）Hes a man from whom we should learn.（賓語(yǔ)）=Hes a man （whom/who/that） we should learn from.A child whose parents are dead is called an orphan.（指人）Id like a room whose window fa

8、ces south.（指物）whose +n. =the +n. + of which （ 物）=of which （物）+ the +n.=Id like a room of which the window faces south.whose + n. =the +n. + of whom（ 人）=ofwhom（ 人）+ the +n.=Id like a room the window of which faces south.注意：定語(yǔ)從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)于先行詞保持一致This is one of the best books that have ever been writte

9、n.He is one of the students who study hard at school.當(dāng)one前面有the only 等限定詞和修飾語(yǔ)時(shí)，定語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要與one保持一致而取單數(shù)形式例如This is the only one of the best books that has ever been written.He is the only one of the students who studies hard at school.m.幾個(gè)易混淆的關(guān)系代詞的比較：宜用that,而不宜用 which 的情況.先行詞為不定代詞表示物,all, much, someth

10、ing, everything, anything ,nothing, none, the one等，先行詞被 only, any, few, little, no, just, very, one of等詞修飾時(shí)。先行詞是序數(shù)詞時(shí)或被序數(shù)詞修飾時(shí)。先行詞是最高級(jí)或被最高級(jí)修飾時(shí)。先行詞既有人又有物，用 which和who都不適合，這時(shí)宜用 that.如：主句是There be 結(jié)構(gòu)，修飾其主句的定語(yǔ)從句宜用that作關(guān)系代詞.如：1. There is still a seat in the corner that is still free.被修飾成分為表語(yǔ)時(shí)，或者關(guān)系代詞本身是定語(yǔ)從句的

11、表語(yǔ)時(shí)，該關(guān)系代詞宜用that .2. My home village is no longer the place （that ） it used to be .定語(yǔ)從句中宜用which而不宜用that的情況：當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞的前面有介詞時(shí).1 .A zoo is a park in which many kinds of animals are kept for exhibition.在非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中.2 .Crusoes dog, which was are now very old, became ill and died .3 .More and more people are beg

12、inning to learn English, which is becoming very popular in our country. （which指代主句）（B） who & that: who和that指代人時(shí)，有些情況宜用 who,而不宜用that先行詞為 anyone, anybody, those, all, one, ones, they, he, people時(shí). 如：.在There be結(jié)構(gòu)中，修飾主語(yǔ)的定語(yǔ)從句宜用關(guān)系代詞who指代人.如：1.There is a gentleman who wants to see you .IV.關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句： When

13、指時(shí)間，在定語(yǔ)從句中作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。定語(yǔ)從句中 when=in/on/at which,其先行詞是表時(shí)間的名詞（如：time,day, week, tear, month, etc. ）I still remember the day when /on which my brother joined the army.（作狀語(yǔ)）I shall never forget the day when Shen Zhou V was launched, which has a great effect on my life.I still remember the days which/that we s

14、pent together.（作賓語(yǔ)）Next winter which/that youll spend in Harbin, Im sure, will be exciting. Where指地點(diǎn)，在定語(yǔ)從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)。定語(yǔ)從句中where=in/on/at which,其先行詞是表示地點(diǎn)的名詞，如：place, school, factory, room, etc.This is the factory where /in which he worked last year.（作狀語(yǔ)）This is the place where I was born.This is the park

15、 which/that they visited last year.(作賓語(yǔ))I live in the room which was bought by my father.I think you have got to the point where a change is needed, or you would fail.Hes got himself into a dangerous situation where hes likely to lose control of the plane. Why指原因，在定語(yǔ)從句中作原因狀語(yǔ)。先行詞為reason 時(shí)，可用for which

16、 指代；如：That s the reason why/for which he was late.The reason why / for which he didnt attend the meeting was that he was ill.I dont believe the reason (that/which) he gave me.(作賓語(yǔ))Have you asked him the reason t hat may explain his success?(作主語(yǔ))當(dāng)先行詞為 way時(shí)，關(guān)系詞在句中 作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，定語(yǔ)從句常用that, in which 引導(dǎo)，that?？梢允?/p>

17、略。way后的定語(yǔ)從句 的引導(dǎo)詞不用時(shí)較多。但如果關(guān)系詞在句中作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，則用 which或that引導(dǎo)。如：This is the way (that) /in which I do such things.比較：Please do the experiment in the way (that/which ) I have shown you.V.介詞+關(guān)系代詞考點(diǎn)1.基本考點(diǎn)考點(diǎn)1簡(jiǎn)單介詞+關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，that和who不能用于介詞之后，能用于介詞+關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的代詞只有which和whom?？疾椤敖樵~ +關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句，關(guān)系代詞前該選什么樣的介詞，要根據(jù)

18、不同的語(yǔ)境、詞組搭配、習(xí)語(yǔ)、慣用法等來(lái)決定，歸納起來(lái)介詞的選擇主要依據(jù)如下幾點(diǎn)：介詞與定語(yǔ)從句的先行詞搭配。如：The farm on which I once worked has taken on a new look. (on the farm)介詞與從句中動(dòng)詞搭配。如：Who is the man with whom our teacher is shaking hands? （shake hands with sb.）In the dark street there wasn t a singlecpwihom she could turn for help. （turn to sb

19、. for help）介詞與定語(yǔ)從句中的形容詞搭配，如：The west lake, for which Hang Zhou is famous, is a beautiful place.（ be famous for ）根據(jù)句子的意思來(lái)決定，此時(shí)不但要注意其前的搭配也要注意其后的搭配。Water is very important for us without whichwe can t live.（2004 遼寧）The factory produces half a million pairs of shoes every year, 80% of which are sold abr

20、oad（2006 遼寧）I was told that there were about 50 foreign students studying Chinese in the school, most ofwhom were from Germany.The old man has two daughters . Both of them are doctors .那位老人有兩個(gè)女兒，她們都是醫(yī)生。as 常用在 as we all know ； as you know; as is known to all; as you see; as we can see; as has been ex

21、pected等結(jié)構(gòu)中。例如：一般譯為正如就像，這一點(diǎn)As we all know, smoking is harmful to ones health . （as作賓語(yǔ)）=As is known to all, smoking is harmful to ones health .（as 作主語(yǔ)）=Its known to all that smoking is harmful to ones health .=Smoking is harmful to ones health, as we all know . （as 作賓語(yǔ)）Jack has won the first prize, as

22、 often happens.像往常一樣，Jack 彳導(dǎo)了等獎(jiǎng)。訓(xùn)練題匯總*X1用適當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)系詞填空1. I will never forget the day I first went to school.I will never forget the day we spent in Beijing.2. The house we visited is being repaired now.The house Luxun once lived is being repaired now.*x2選擇適當(dāng)?shù)拇~填空，注意非限制性定語(yǔ)從句和單句的比較。1.I am reading Harry Por

23、ter, is an interesting book.2 .He failed in the exam.made his parents angry.3 .He failed in the exam, made his parents angry.4 .He has two sons. Both of are teachers.5 .He has two sons, both of are teachers.*X3思考:用五種方式（定語(yǔ)從句）翻譯句子2. This is the factory he works.4. This is the factory he works in.The city she lives in is far away.這是他工作的工廠。