小學(xué)英語(yǔ)介詞和連詞專項(xiàng)復(fù)習(xí)

1、 常見(jiàn)介詞及用法(一) 表示時(shí)間的介詞1. 英語(yǔ)里最常見(jiàn)的時(shí)間介詞有：at, in, on, before, after和from。2. at , in和on這三個(gè)詞都表示時(shí)間。 at主要指具體的鐘點(diǎn)：at half past eight 在八點(diǎn)半 in一般指某一段時(shí)間：in January 在一月份 on指具體在某一天：on Monday 在星期一3. before和after表示時(shí)間的先后順序。 before表示“在之前”。You should wash your hands before eating. 吃飯前你應(yīng)該洗手。 after表示“在之后”。They often play bas

2、ketball after dinner. 他們放學(xué)后經(jīng)常打籃球。4. from作時(shí)間介詞含有“從開(kāi)始”的意思，常和to連用，組成“fromto”的結(jié)構(gòu)，表示“從到”的意思。We go to school from Monday to Friday. 我們從周一到周五上學(xué)。(二) 表示方位的介詞，也就是表示位置和地點(diǎn)的介詞。1. 小學(xué)階段常見(jiàn)的方位介詞有：on, in, at, under, over, above, below, about, around, between等。2. on, over和above這三個(gè)詞都有“在上面”的意思，但它們所表示的方位還是有些不同。 on表示兩個(gè)物體的

3、表面相互接觸。如：There is a book on the desk. 桌上有一本書(shū)。The boy is sleeping on the desk. 那個(gè)孩子睡在地上。 over表示“在的正上方”,兩個(gè)物體表面沒(méi)有接觸。如：There is a light bulb over my head. 在我頭頂上有一個(gè)燈泡。 above表示兩個(gè)物體中一個(gè)在另一個(gè)的上方，如：The plane is flying above the clouds. 飛機(jī)上云層上飛行。There are four lights above our head. 在我們頭上有四盞燈。3. under和below都有“在

4、的下面”的意思，但它們有區(qū)別： under表示“在的正下方”，其反義詞是over。There is a ball under the chair. 椅子下面有一個(gè)球。They are sitting under a big tree. 他們正坐在一棵大樹(shù)下面。 below表示“在”的下面，不強(qiáng)調(diào)是否在正下方。Their house is below mine. 他們家的房子在我家的下面。4. in表示位置“在里面”，也可以用來(lái)表示在一個(gè)很大的空間內(nèi)。The children are playing in the room. 孩子們正在房間里玩。All my books are in my ba

5、g. 我所有的書(shū)都在我的書(shū)包里。5. at表示“在旁邊”。The teacher is standing at the desk. 老師正在桌邊。I will wait for you at the station. 我會(huì)在車站等你。6. around表示“在周圍”。There are lots of flowers around the house. 房子周圍有許多花。The children sat around the Christmas tree and sang happily. 孩子們圍坐在圣誕樹(shù)旁邊高興地唱歌。7. behind表示“在的后面”。Dont hide yoursel

6、f behind a tree. 別躲在樹(shù)后。8. in front of表示“在的前面”。There are some trees in front of the house. 房子前面有一些樹(shù)。9. between表示“在兩者之間”。My home is between the two mountains. 我家在兩座大山之間。Guang Jie sits between Li Lei and Fang Ning. 冠杰坐在李磊和芳寧之間。(三) 表示動(dòng)向的介詞。在英語(yǔ)中，有一類介詞，它們表示的不是靜止不動(dòng)的方位，而是一種動(dòng)態(tài)的移動(dòng)，有“朝著”和“向著”的意思。1. 小學(xué)階段常見(jiàn)的動(dòng)向介詞

7、有：into, out of, up, down, from, to, through, along等。2. into和out ofinto表示“從外向里”的意思，out of表示“從里向外”的意思。Jane jumped into the water. 簡(jiǎn)跳進(jìn)了水里。Dont look out of the window when you take a bus. 當(dāng)你乘公共汽車時(shí)不要向窗外看。3. up和down: up表示“向上”，down表示“向下”。He often climbs up mountains. 他經(jīng)常爬山。She opened the door and went down

8、 the stairs. 她開(kāi)門(mén)下樓。(四) 表示方式的介詞1. 常見(jiàn)的表示方式的介詞有：by, with, in等。2. by表示“靠”，“用”。3. with表示“使用”，“和一起”,“有”，“具有”“帶有”。4. in表示“用（語(yǔ)言）”。My father goes to work by car. 我父親開(kāi)車上班。I can see with eyes. 我能用眼睛看。I can speak in English. 我會(huì)用英語(yǔ)講。(五) 其它常用介詞。1. for表示“目的”，“原因”。He went home for his book. 他回家拿書(shū)。Thank you for your

9、 dinner. 謝謝你的款待。2. in表示“穿著”，“帶著”。Lily is in a red skirt today. 麗麗今天穿著一條紅色的裙子。The boy in blue is my brother. 穿藍(lán)色衣服的男孩是我弟弟。3. of表示所屬關(guān)系，有“的”意思。This is a map of ChinA. 這是一幅中國(guó)地圖。He is an old friend of mine. 他是我的一位老朋友。4. like表示比較，意思是“像”。He looks like his father. 他看上去像他爸爸。(六) 介詞與動(dòng)詞的固定搭配。look at 朝看 laugh at

10、 嘲笑be good at 擅長(zhǎng)于shout at 對(duì).叫喊l(fā)ook for 尋找 ask for 向要look after 照顧，照看look like 看起來(lái)像take care of 關(guān)心，照顧wait for等待leave for 動(dòng)身去 start for 動(dòng)身去catch up with 趕上 talk about 談?wù)揾ave a talk with 和交談agree with 同意，贊成二、 常用詞及短語(yǔ)搭配的用法：(一) and意思是“和”，表示并列和對(duì)稱。I can speak English and Chinese. 我會(huì)講英語(yǔ)和中文。I like apples, ban

11、anas and grapes. 我喜歡蘋(píng)果、香蕉和葡萄。(二) bothand的意思是“兩者都”，表示并列。Both you and I are pupils. 你和我都是小學(xué)生。I can speak both English and French. 我既會(huì)講英語(yǔ)又會(huì)講法語(yǔ)。(三) not onlybut also意思是“不但而且”，表示并列。Not only you but also Jim comes late. 不光是你，吉姆也遲到了。I can play not only the guitar but also the piano. 我有僅會(huì)彈吉他，還會(huì)彈鋼琴。(四) neithe

12、rnor意思是“既不也不”，表示并列關(guān)系。Neither you nor he is right. 你和他都不對(duì)。He can speak neither English nor French. 他既不會(huì)講英語(yǔ)，也不會(huì)講法語(yǔ)。注意：1. 當(dāng) not onlybut only和 neithernor連接兩個(gè)主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)的變化隨接近謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的主語(yǔ)而變化。Neither you nor he is fat. 你和他都不胖。Neither he nor I am right. 他和我都不對(duì)。2. or意思是“或者”，“還是”，表示選擇。Is your friend is a boy or a

13、girl? 你的朋友是男孩還是女孩？Do you learn English or French? 你學(xué)英語(yǔ)還是法語(yǔ)？注意：（誤）I dont like coffee and teA. （正） I dont like coffee or teA. 我不喜歡喝咖啡和茶。（正）I like coffee and teA. 我喜歡喝咖啡和茶。3. but意思是“但是”，表示轉(zhuǎn)折。I have a cold, but I dont take medicine. 我感冒了，但我沒(méi)吃藥。The skirt is nice, but its too expensive. 這條裙子很漂亮，但太貴了。4. so

14、意思是“因此”，“所以”。Its dark, so I must go now. 天黑了，所以我得走了。You got up too late, so you missed the bus. 你起床晚了，所以錯(cuò)過(guò)了公共汽車。5. because意思是“因?yàn)椤?，表示原因。She is unhappy because she lost the game. 她不高興，因?yàn)樗斄吮荣?。注意：在英語(yǔ)里，because和so不能夠同時(shí)在一個(gè)句子中出現(xiàn)，和漢語(yǔ)有一定的區(qū)別。（誤）Because Mom bought me a new book, so I was very happy.（正）Mom boug

15、ht me a new book, so I was very happy.（正）I was very happy because Mom bought me a new book.易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)：1. 你能找到這個(gè)問(wèn)題的答案嗎？誤 Can you find the answer of this question？正 Can you find the answer to this question？析 英語(yǔ)中用“the answer to ”表示“的答案”。類似結(jié)構(gòu)還有the key to the door, the way to the zoo等。2. 格林先生星期六上午來(lái)這里。誤 Mr. Gree

16、n will come here in Sunday evening.正 Mr. Green will come here on Sunday evening.析 表示在上午、下午等時(shí)，介詞要用in；而表示在具體的某天上午、下午時(shí)，介詞要用on.鞏固練習(xí)：一、 用適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~填空。1. There is something wrong _ my arm.2. The train is passing _ the tunnel.3. Would you come to tea _us _ Sunday?4. Whats the weather _ today?5. I am good _ Engl

17、ish.6. He looks _ his father.7. Go _ this street, then you can see the post office.8. Many people are wait _ the bus _ the bus station.9. -How do you often go to school? - _ foot.10. Lucy and Lily come _America. 二、 用and, or, but填空。1. Id like to go with you, _ Im too busy.2. I dont like apple juice _

18、 orange juice.3. I can speak English _ French.4. Are you a teacher _ a doctor?5. There is no milk _ no fruit juice.三、 選擇填空。( ) 1. The Greens were watching TV _ I came in.A. before B. after C. when ( ) 2. Jack was sad _ he failed his math exam again.A. so B. because C. but ( ) 3. The bus arrived _7:3

19、0 a. m.A. on B. at C. in ( ) 4. Your mouth is _ your nose.A. under B. below C. near ( ) 5. We dont go to school _Saturday and Sunday.A. on B. in C. at ( ) 6. Did you go to the zoo _ foot?A. by B. on C. in ( ) 7. I write _my hand.A. in B. with C. by ( ) 8. Can you sing this song _English?A. in B. wit

20、h C. on ( ) 9. He learns English _ TV.A. in B. on C. with ( ) 10. Tony comes _ Australia. A. from B. to C. in ( ) 11. Everyone is sitting _ the floor, but Mr Brown is sitting _ a chair _ the corner.A. over, in, on B. about, on, at C. on, on, in ( ) 12. During the weekdays, Jim gets up early _ the mo

21、rning and goes to bed late _ night .But _ weekends he sleeps until midday.A. on, at, at B. in, at, on C. in, in, at( ) 13. The mother is coming back _ an hour.A. after B. for C. in ( ) 14. Dont worry, Tom will return_.A. before long B. long before C. long ago( ) 15. Paper is often made _ wood.A. by

22、B. in C. of 四、 下列每個(gè)句子都有一處錯(cuò)誤,請(qǐng)找出來(lái)并改正.1. Both Tom and Jerry is in Class Two. _ 2. Either boys and girls are going to clean the classroom. _ 3. Its very kind for you. _ 4. Id like some bread or butter. _ 5. There is a bridge on the river. _ 6. They live at New York. _ 7. I play the tennis ater school.

23、_ 五、 根據(jù)中文用介詞填空。1. 她從樓上跳了下去。She jumps _ the building.2. 你最好不要去樹(shù)林，那很危險(xiǎn)。Youd better not go _ the woods, its dangerous.3. 一群老人在公園里唱歌。A group of old men are singing _ the park.4. 一個(gè)女孩站在窗戶邊。A girl is standing _ the windows.5. 老師嚴(yán)格要求我們。The teacher is strict _ us.附加練習(xí)：介詞填空1. Tony is _ Canada. 2. What is the name _ the factory?3. Betty is English. What _ you？4. Whos the woman _ the black dress？5. Where do you come _?6. She looks _ her father.7. Do the students stay _ home _ Saturday？8. My mother cut the cake _ a knife.9. The meeting ended _ 6