新版牛津譯林8B_Unit1單詞詞組和語(yǔ)法講解

1、牛津譯林8B Unitl一、同步知識(shí)梳理知識(shí)點(diǎn) 1: past and present(P6)(1) pastn. 過(guò)去，以前； in the past 在過(guò)去adj. 過(guò)去的，以前的；in the past few years在過(guò)去的幾年里prep. 經(jīng)過(guò) walk past the post office走過(guò)郵局【例句】In the past , there was no underground in Nanjing.Let s not make the past mistakes.When I walk past the post office, I see a bird flying

2、over the tree.(2) presentadj.現(xiàn)在的；目前的；出席的n.現(xiàn)在; 禮物;at present現(xiàn)在 ；a present for you=a gift for you給你的禮物vt.介紹；出現(xiàn)；提出；贈(zèng)送；【例句】 Every one can beprese nt ed a prese nt at prese nt .知識(shí)點(diǎn) 2: You ve changed, Eddie. You used to share food with me.(P6)你變了。你以前跟我分享食物的。(1) change: vt./vi.改變，變更； change into 變成n.變化，改變；

3、change(s) to .的變化【例句】 Great changes to Nanjing have taken place.(2) use n.用途；使用能力；運(yùn)用頭腦(或身體)的能力；vt. 用，使用；行使，【常用短語(yǔ)】used to (do sth.)過(guò)去常常(做某事)”批注：否定形式：didn t use to / usedn t toget/be used to(doing sth.)習(xí)慣于(做某事)【例句】He used to go fishing every Saturday. But since he changed his job, he s barely( 幾乎不)had

4、 a chanee. He thinks he ll never be used to this busy lifestyle.【拓展】useful adj. 有用的；useless adj. 無(wú)用的知識(shí)點(diǎn) 3: I first lived in the northern part of the town with my parents.(P8)北南西東東南東北西南西北adjnorthernsouther nwester neaster nsoutheaste rnno rthweste rnno rthweste rnn orthwes ternn .n orthsouthwesteasts

5、outheastno rthwestno rthwestn orthwes t【例句】 Beiji ng is in the n orther n part of China.批注：注意in the north 與in the northern part of的同義句轉(zhuǎn)換。例如：Beiji ng is in the n orth of Chin a.=Beiji ng is in the no rther n part of China.知識(shí)點(diǎn) 4: Whenl got married in 1965, my wife and I moved two blocks away and we ve

6、 lived in this area since then.(P8)當(dāng)我1965結(jié)婚的時(shí)候，我的妻子和我搬到了兩個(gè)街 區(qū)之外，從那之后我一直住在那個(gè)地方。(1) marry : vt.& vi. (使)結(jié)婚；娶；嫁；結(jié)合;marry sb與某人結(jié)婚marry A to B把A嫁給Badj. married已婚的; 短語(yǔ)： A and B get married /A get(s) married to Bn marriage 婚姻【例句】 Some young couples got married on that day.(2) move: vt.& vi. 移動(dòng)，搬動(dòng)；使感動(dòng)【常用短語(yǔ)】

7、move away搬走 move into 搬進(jìn) move out of 搬出【例句】 Every year millions of people moved into the city while millionsof peoplemoved away.知識(shí)點(diǎn) 5: Nowthe government has turned part turn into 進(jìn)入，拐進(jìn)；(使)成為，(使)進(jìn)入 【例句】I saw him tur n into the library.How can you turn a bottle of water【常用短語(yǔ)】turn on開(kāi)turn dow nof the t

8、own centre into a new park.(P8) turn. into把變成turn overturn leftinto a bottle of orange juice?turn up 調(diào)高；開(kāi)大(音量、煤氣等)關(guān) 煤氣、燈火等)翻過(guò)來(lái) turn back 往回走 tur n right向右轉(zhuǎn)turn off調(diào)低；關(guān)小（音量、 把向左轉(zhuǎn)陽(yáng)光河附近知識(shí)點(diǎn) 6: There was once a steel factory near the Sunshine River.(P9) 曾經(jīng)有一個(gè)鋼鐵廠(chǎng)。on ce: adv. 曾經(jīng)=used to【例句】 There was once

9、a shopping centre here.=There used to be a shopping centre here.n. 次，一回;=one time【例句】I am used to doing exerciseonce a week.知識(shí)點(diǎn)7: They often put the waste into the river.(P9)他們經(jīng)常把垃圾放到河里。短語(yǔ)：put sth into 把放進(jìn)，使進(jìn)入【例句】Please put the foodin to the fridge.【常用短語(yǔ)】put away 拿走，儲(chǔ)存?zhèn)溆?put back 放回；向后移put down 寫(xiě)下；

10、記下 put on穿上put off 延期；推遲put out熄滅；關(guān)熄；撲滅put up 舉起；抬起；張貼知識(shí)點(diǎn) 8: Later the government realized the problem and took action to improve the situatio n. (P9)后來(lái)政府意識(shí)到這個(gè)問(wèn)題并采取行動(dòng)去改善這種情況。(1) realize v. 意識(shí)至實(shí)現(xiàn) =come true【例句】 My dream comes true.=I realize my dream.(2) improve v 提高；改善；改進(jìn)n. i mproveme nt提高，改進(jìn)；【常用短語(yǔ)】

11、improve living standard提高生活水平；improve your English;改善你的英語(yǔ)；【例句】 Do you know how to improve your memory?知識(shí)點(diǎn)9: Now the river is much cleaner. (P9)現(xiàn)在河流干凈了很多。此處的much用于修飾形容詞比較級(jí)。類(lèi)似的用法還有：much; still；even; far; a little； a bit; a lot;【例句】-How do you feel today?-Even worse .知識(shí)點(diǎn)10: Well, in some ways it is.(P9

12、)好的，在某種程度上它是。短語(yǔ)in some ways 在某些方面，在某種程度上【例句】In some ways , I do agree with you.【拓展】1. in many ways在許多方面；用許多方法； in this way 用這種方法；2. on one s way to 表示在某人去的路上”；(home/here/there這幾個(gè)詞前不需要加to)3. by the way 表示順便說(shuō)/問(wèn)一句”；4. all the way表示全程；一直”；5. in a way 在某一點(diǎn)上，在某種程度上6. in the way 擋道in the way of sb擋在某人路上知識(shí)點(diǎn)

13、 11:It_ has become impossible for us to see each other as often as before.(P9) 對(duì)我們來(lái)說(shuō)像以前一樣的經(jīng)常見(jiàn)面已經(jīng)變得不可能了。(1) 此處的it是形式主語(yǔ)，真正的主語(yǔ)是后面的不定式to see each other.常用句型：It is +adj+ for sb to do sth.對(duì)某人來(lái)說(shuō)做某事是怎樣的。【例句】It is dan gerous for us to go out alone at ni ght.(2) as often as before像以前一樣的經(jīng)常as . as像一樣。知識(shí)點(diǎn)12:Now

14、I feel a bit Ion ely from time to time. (P9) 現(xiàn)在我經(jīng)常會(huì)感到有點(diǎn)孤單。(1) Ionely: adj.孤獨(dú)的，孤單的；寂寞的；荒涼的【常用短語(yǔ)】feel lo nely【詞匯拓展】 alone adv. 單獨(dú),獨(dú)自=by oneself= on one s own【例句】 1.Our teacher asks us to finish the task alone.=Our teacher asks us to finish the task by ourselves.=Our teacher asks us to finish the task

15、on our own.2. My gran dma lives alone, so she feels Ion ely sometimes.(2) time: n 時(shí)間；次數(shù)；時(shí)代(常用復(fù)數(shù))【常用短語(yǔ)】at the same time 同時(shí)in time 及時(shí)；適時(shí) on time 按時(shí)，準(zhǔn)時(shí)；按 時(shí)all the time 始終，一直 at a time 一次；每次；在某時(shí)from time to time 不時(shí)，有時(shí) for the first time首次； 第一次知識(shí)點(diǎn) 13:I have learned more about Beijing s past and present.(

16、 P14)我對(duì)北京的現(xiàn)在和過(guò)去了解的更多了。Beijing s past and present=the past and present of Beijing 一般s形式的所有格表示有生命的所有關(guān)系。一些無(wú)生命的名詞，如：時(shí)間，國(guó)家、城市等地點(diǎn)以及價(jià)格、重量、距離等名詞也可以在詞尾加s來(lái)構(gòu)成所有格。a seven days holiday一個(gè)七天的假期London s weather 倫敦的天氣ten dollars sugar 十美元的糖 of所有格由“ of +名詞或名詞短語(yǔ)”構(gòu)成，修飾前面的名詞，表示無(wú)生命的名詞的所有格。女口 a map of China張中國(guó)地圖 有些名詞既可以用s

17、所有格，也可以用of所有格，兩者可互換。the son of our teacher = our teacher s son 我們老師的兒子二、同步例題分析現(xiàn)在 )?例 1： What are they doing at (They are interviewing Mr. Green答案： present;例 2： My cousin is used to （study） with his new friends in Australia.解析：該題考查的是 be used to doing 表達(dá)習(xí)慣的用法。 答案： studying ；例 3： Guangzhou is in the （s

18、outh） part of China.解析：該題考查的是 south 的形容詞形式： southern. 答案： southern ；例 4： Though he lives alone, he has a lot of friends and doesn t feel （ 孤獨(dú)的 ）.解析：該題考查的是 lonely 與 alone 的區(qū)別。答案： lonely;例 5： He didn t （ 意識(shí)到 ）he took the wrong bus until the bus came tothe last stop.解析：?jiǎn)卧~ realize 拼寫(xiě)。本句是一般過(guò)去時(shí)， didn t 后面

19、用動(dòng)詞原形。 答案： realize;例6：我們應(yīng)該做一些什么來(lái)改善這種情況。（翻譯句子 ）We should do something to .答案： improve the situation;例 7： Mary married Simon in 1999.（改為同義句 ）Mary and Simon in 1999.解析 :A marry B =A and B get married,句中是過(guò)去時(shí)所以用 got.答案： got married;例 8： I miss my old friend sometimes.（改為同義句 ）I miss my old friend .解析： som

20、etimes=from time to time=at times. 答案： from time to time;例 9： People wear different types of clothes at different （time）（ 用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空 ）解析： times 表示時(shí)代， at different times 在不同的時(shí)代。答案： times;例 10： - What do you think of Mr. Green s words?-well, I agree with him.A. by the way B. on the way C. in some way

21、s D. in the way 答案： C;解析： by the way 順便說(shuō) / 問(wèn)一句 ;in the way 擋道 ;on the way 在路上； in some ways 從 某種程度上。三、課堂達(dá)標(biāo)檢測(cè)檢測(cè)題 1：詞匯1. Sandy has a lot of friends, so she never feels （ 寂寞 ）.2. That reporter had an （ 采訪(fǎng) ） with Jay Chou last week.3. Years ago, the government （意識(shí)到 ） it was a serious problem and tookact

22、ion to reduce the pollution.4. Kitty got(結(jié)女昏)last year. Her husba nd is a computer programmer.5. Manyplaces are (污染)all over the world, so we have to do somethingto help the earth.6. We all hope we should have more(開(kāi)闊的)space in the city.7. The environment has(改變)a lot.檢測(cè)題2:單項(xiàng)選擇()1.We in vite experts

23、 to give us talks .A.from a day and ni ght B.from time to timeC.from past to now D.from one to ano ther()2.The child has come to school by bike his own.A.in B.by C.o n D.of()3. The place has turneda garde n already.A. in B. intoC. to D. for()4. He used to model planes after school.his frien ds.Nowhe

24、 often plays footballwithA. makeB. mak ingC. be madeD. being made()5. The old man livesin ahouse, but he doesn t feelB. lo nely; Ion ely;D. alone; Ion ely;A. alone; alone; Ion ely alo neC. alone; Ion ely; Ion ely alo ne檢測(cè)題3:1. 政府已經(jīng)把這個(gè)地方變成了一個(gè)公園。The adythe place a park.2. 我不時(shí)地感到寂寞。I time time.3. 工廠(chǎng)以前經(jīng)

25、常把它的廢物倒進(jìn)河里。The factory tointo the river.4. 我們必須采取行動(dòng)來(lái)改善這種狀況。We must to the .5. 他不像以前那樣經(jīng)常見(jiàn)老朋友。He can t see his old friends=二、專(zhuān)題精講知識(shí)點(diǎn)2:Present perfect tense (現(xiàn)在完成時(shí))項(xiàng)目?jī)?nèi)容備注概念表示一個(gè)過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果和 影響。Eddie has eate n my food.(Eddie ate the food and now Hobo has nothing to eat.)表示一個(gè)從過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間開(kāi)始，延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在， 并有可能繼續(xù)延續(xù)

26、下去的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。Eddie has lived with Mille since he was born.Eddie has lived with Mille for four years.動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞規(guī)則變化跟構(gòu)成助動(dòng)詞has/have +動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞對(duì)應(yīng)的過(guò)去式一樣， 在后面 加ed.特殊變化詳見(jiàn)書(shū)本。(P122-123)They have fini shedtheir homework.縮略形式：肯定形式He has fini shedhis homework.they have=they ve;he has=he s否定形式They haven t finishedtheir ho

27、mework.He hasn t finishedhis homework.疑問(wèn)形式Have they fini shed their homework? Yes, they have. / No, they haven t.表示過(guò)去某一個(gè)動(dòng)作的 結(jié)果，現(xiàn)在情況依然存在。far 4$這時(shí)一般不用時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。I have lost my pen.包括現(xiàn)在時(shí)間在內(nèi)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)女口 today, thisrlmon th, this week 等有時(shí)也關(guān)鍵詞粉撫戕育./匚口 i r 1 尸一 /t丄 /匚口 i -yr：尸A-t 工rt 匕Mt用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。alreaay( 用于冃疋句 丿，yet(用于

28、否疋句和疑問(wèn)句),since+ 一點(diǎn)時(shí)間，for+ 一段時(shí)間，never, ever, three times(其它表示頻率的詞 ,once,twice 等)before, recently, in the past/last few years, so far, this mon th, today, now淮安)D. had see n例 1: ( ) -Do you know the moving story of Jack and Rose? (2012 -Of course. Ithe film Tita nic several times.A. seeB. sawC. have s

29、een解析：該題考查的是現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。因有several times 。答案Co例2: ( ) Your English is good. (2012 宿遷)Thank you. Iit for three years.A. learn B. learned learnedC. have learned D. had解析：該題考查的是標(biāo)志性詞for與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。答案Co例 3: ( ) John, youthe computer game for two hours. It s bad for youreyes.Stop, please!OK, Mum.A. playedB. have play

30、edC. were play ingD.play 解析：該題考查的是現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)用法。句中有for ten hours 所以用have+done.答案：選B知識(shí)點(diǎn)2： already與yet用法區(qū)別already 用于肯定句，一般放在助動(dòng)詞與過(guò)去分詞之間。 yet用于否定句和疑問(wèn)句，一般至于句末。例1:I have already worked out this math problem?(改為否定句 )Iworked out the math problem .解析：already 與yet的轉(zhuǎn)換.答案是 have not; yet知識(shí)點(diǎn)3： since 和for用法區(qū)別(1) si nee

31、的用法 si nee 后面加點(diǎn)時(shí)間，如 si nee nearly three years ago 或 sin ce2008.since引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，后面的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句動(dòng)詞用一般過(guò)去時(shí).(2) for的用法：for后加一段時(shí)間。since/for可以通過(guò)ago進(jìn)行同義句轉(zhuǎn)換。例: They have worked in the factory since ten mon ths ago.= They have worked in the factory for ten yearsWehave learned English for nearly three years. =Wehave

32、learned English since three years ago.例 1: I haven t seen youlast Friday.A. forB. sinceC. fromD. on解析：后面的last Friday是具體時(shí)間點(diǎn)，所以應(yīng)該用since,選B這里需要提醒學(xué)生雖然此題后面的last是一般過(guò)去時(shí)的時(shí)間標(biāo)志，但是跟 since連用之后要用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。例 2: ( ) Mr. White came to our school in 2008, and si nee the n he us En glish.(2011鹽城)A. teachesB. taughtC. has

33、 taughtD. willteach解析：該題考查的是現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)標(biāo)志性詞si nee , si nee then自那以后，縮略形式的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，后面是主句，主句用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)答案Co二、專(zhuān)題過(guò)關(guān)檢測(cè)題(一)：用所給此詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。1. It( rain ) for a week.2.1 don t know this woman. I ( never ， meet) her.3. Let s go to the cinema. No, I (see, already ) the film.4. We( not, finish ) our homework yet. Will you wait a minute?5. John ( not, come ) yet. He will be back in a minute.6. Mr. Green often goes to America. In fact, he(be) there ten times.7. Where s John? He just (