第三部分專題一第一講名詞和介詞專題訓(xùn)練

1、第三部分 專題一 第一講 名詞和介詞1.名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式；名詞的可數(shù)性和不可數(shù)性；名詞作定 語；名詞所有格等。2表示時間及空間的介詞的用法。3介詞與動詞、名詞的固定搭配。 42011年高考名詞將重點(diǎn)考查詞義辨析，介詞將重點(diǎn)考 查短語辨析。1.(2010天津高考)My father warned me _ going to the West Coast because it was crowded with tourists.Aby BonCfor Dagainst解析：本題考查介詞辨析。句意：爸爸警告我不要去西海岸，因?yàn)槟抢飻D滿了游客。warn sb.against doing sth. war

2、n sb.not to do sth.警告某人不做某事，故選D。答案：D2(2010上海高考)Sean has formed the habit of jogging _ the treelined avenue for two hours every day.Abetween BalongCbelow Dwith解析：考查介詞辨析。句意：Sean已經(jīng)養(yǎng)成了每天沿著林蔭大道慢跑兩個小時的習(xí)慣。between 在兩者之間；along 沿著；below 在下方；with 與一起，用，隨著。根據(jù)語境，選B。答案：B3(2010北京高考)Would you mind not picking the f

3、lowers in the garden？They are _ everyones enjoyment.Ain BatCfor Dto解析：本題考查介詞的用法。句意：你可以不摘花園里的花嗎？他們是供人欣賞的。in 在里面；at 在上；for 對，供，給；to 朝，對著。根據(jù)句意可判斷C項(xiàng)正確。答案：C4(2010江西高考)Last year the number of students who graduated with a driving licence reached 200,000，a(n) _ of 40,000 per year.Aaverage BnumberCamount Dq

4、uantity解析：本題考查名詞辨析。句意：去年畢業(yè)時就有駕照的學(xué)生數(shù)量已達(dá)到20萬，平均每年4萬。average平均，平均數(shù)；a number of許多，大量，修飾可數(shù)名詞；an amount of許多，大量，與不可數(shù)名詞連用；a quantity of許多，大量的，修飾可數(shù)和不可數(shù)名詞。根據(jù)句意，選A。答案：A5(2010遼寧高考)I agree to his suggestion _ the condition that he drops all charges.Aby BinCon Dto解析：本題考查介詞搭配。句意：我同意了他的建議，條件是他撤銷所有的指控。on the condit

5、ion that為固定搭配，意思是“條件是”。答案：C6(2010湖北高考)This restaurant has become popular for its wide _ of foods that suit all tastes and pockets.Adivision BareaCrange Dcircle解析：本題考查名詞辨析。句意：這家餐館很受歡迎，因?yàn)樗峁└鞣N食物，能滿足各種口味和各種消費(fèi)層次。division 區(qū)分，分開，除法，部門；area 區(qū)域，面積，范圍；range一系列，(變動或浮動的)范圍，界限；circle圓周，循環(huán)，社交圈。語境說能滿足各種口味和消費(fèi)層次，由此

6、判斷選C。答案：C7(2010湖北高考)After the earthquake，the first thing the local government did was to provide _for the homeless families.Aaccommodation BoccupationCequipment Dfurniture解析：本題考查名詞辨析。句意：地震發(fā)生之后，當(dāng)?shù)卣龅牡谝患戮褪菫闊o家可歸的家庭提供住宿。accommodation住處，停留處，膳宿；occupation職業(yè)，占有期間，占有；equipment 設(shè)備，器材，裝備，配備；furniture 家具。從語

7、境的“地震之后”“失去家園的家庭”判斷，本題選A表示提供“住宿”。答案：A8(2010湖北高考)It is illegal for a public official to ask people for gifts or money _ favors to them.Ain preference to Bin place ofCin agreement with Din exchange for解析：本題考查介詞短語辨析。句意：作為政府官員，因?yàn)榻o人民做了好事就向他們索要禮物或者金錢，這是非法的。語境提到“給他們做好事”和“索取錢財禮物”，這二者之間的關(guān)系用in exchange for來描述

8、，表示“交換”。in preference to 偏好，偏愛，更喜歡；in place of代替(某人/某事物)；in agreement with 協(xié)調(diào)，相合，一致。答案：D9(2011東北三校第一次聯(lián)考) My father didnt have to say anything.I knew he was upset from his _.Alook BsightCappearance Dsign解析：考查名詞辨析。句意：我父親無須說什么，我從他的表情就知道他很難過。此處的look表示“表情”。后三項(xiàng)分別表示“視力，景象”“外貌”“標(biāo)志，跡象”，都不符合題意。答案：A10(2011黑龍江檢

9、測)If youre looking for a _，you can make it when it is on sale.Aprice BbargainCcost Dbill解析：考查名詞詞義辨析。on sale表示“廉價出售”，因此應(yīng)用bargain(特價商品)與之呼應(yīng)。句意：如果你在尋找特價商品，減價出售時你就可以買到。答案：B11(2011福建龍巖檢測)The door and the windows were all closed and there was no _ of forced entry.Ascene BsignalCsign Dsight解析：考查名詞辨析。語意表示“門

10、窗都關(guān)閉著，沒有強(qiáng)力侵入的跡象”。這里sign表示“跡象”；scene表示“場景，景色”；signal表示“信號”；sight則表示“視野”。根據(jù)句意，選C項(xiàng)。答案：C12(2011南通一模)People in Los Angels have no idea of distance on the map，so they measure distance _ time not miles.Aby way of Bby means ofCfor lack of Don account of解析：本題考查短語。by way of經(jīng)由，當(dāng)作；by means of依靠，通過；for lack of因缺

11、乏；因缺少；on account of由于；因?yàn)?。根?jù)句意：是通過時間而不是里數(shù)計算距離，故選B。答案：B13(2010南通二模)To keep safe _ an earthquake，you should remain at a spot in your room where nothing may fall on you.Ain search of Bin advance ofCin terms of Din case of解析：考查介詞短語辨析。in search of尋找；in advance of在前面，超過；in terms of就而言；in case of萬一，以防。句意：萬一

12、地震，為了保證你的安全，你最好待在一個不會有東西掉下來的地方。故選D。答案：D14(2010長沙二模)Being exposed for a long time _ strong sunlight might seriously damage your skin.Ain BunderCto Dover解析：考查介詞的固定搭配。be exposed to sth.為固定搭配，意思是“暴露于，遭受”。去掉干擾成分for a long time即可迅速找出答案。答案：C15(2010黑龍江檢測)Ballet is not popular _ our city because most people

13、think it is too expensive to take the classes.Ain BwithCamong Don解析：考查介詞。語意表示“芭蕾在我們市不太流行”，in 表示“在地方”。此題考生會誤選B和C項(xiàng)，be popular with/among sb.表示“受歡迎”，介詞后面接人。答案：A.單項(xiàng)填空1(20113月濟(jì)南模擬)Many people in Haiti died from the earthquake because they didnt have _ to immediate rescue.Aaccess BadmissionCapproach Datte

14、ntion解析：考查名詞辨析。句意：海地有許多人死于地震，因?yàn)樗麄儧]有得到及時的援救。have access to可以獲得或使用(機(jī)會、權(quán)利等)。答案：A2(2011濰坊教學(xué)質(zhì)量抽樣監(jiān)測)I am really a bit worried because I have no idea what my parents _ will be to my poor examination result.Aexpression BreactionCappearance Dexpectation解析：考查名詞辨析。句意：我真的有點(diǎn)擔(dān)心，因?yàn)槲也恢牢腋改笇ξ也缓玫目荚嚱Y(jié)果會是什么反應(yīng)。expression

15、表情；reaction反應(yīng)；appearance外表；expectation期望。答案：B3(2011煙臺四校聯(lián)考)We didnt have enough money to pay our bus fare，and in _ we had to walk.Aconsequence BadditionCgeneral Dpurpose解析：考查固定搭配。句意：我們沒有足夠的錢付車費(fèi)，因此我們只能步行了。in consequence 結(jié)果，因此，符合題意；in addition(besides)另外；in general 通常，大體上，一般而言；on purpose 故意地。答案：A4(2010

16、濟(jì)寧市第二次聯(lián)考) The _ to the environment has helped many animals to escape from their enemies and fit in with the surroundings.Aadaptation BadoptionCrecreation Dfoundation解析：考查名詞辨析。句意：適應(yīng)環(huán)境的能力使很多動物能逃脫其敵人，并且適應(yīng)周圍的環(huán)境。根據(jù)句意判斷選A，表示“適應(yīng)，適應(yīng)性”。B項(xiàng)“收養(yǎng)，采用，推選”；C項(xiàng)“娛樂，消遣”；D項(xiàng)“建立，基礎(chǔ)”。答案：A5(2010蘇錫常鎮(zhèn)四市教學(xué)調(diào)查)If you live near th

17、e lake，_are that you will hear birds singing to welcome the new day.Afacts BchancesCsituations Dpossibilities解析：考查名詞的習(xí)慣用法。Chances are that.是固定句式，意思是“可能會”。其他幾個詞不符合搭配習(xí)慣。答案：B6(2010陜西教學(xué)質(zhì)量檢測)There is no _ in going to school for the students merely to learn some facts.Adoubt BmindCpoint Dwonder解析：考查名詞辨析。固

18、定句式There is no point in doing sth.表示“做是沒有必要的”，其他搭配不正確，所以這里選C項(xiàng)。答案：C7(2011浙江金華十校3月聯(lián)考)The conference has been held to discuss the _ of global warming on peoples lives all over the world.Aimportance BeffectsCprotection Dattitudes解析：考查名詞辨析。effect 意思是“影響”，即討論全球氣候變暖對人們生活的影響。其他選項(xiàng)不合題意。importance 意思是“重要性”；pro

19、tection意思是“保護(hù)”；attitude意思是“態(tài)度”。答案：B8(2010福建畢業(yè)班檢查)Any help from you will be greatly appreciated.Please give me a reply at your earliest _.Ainterruption BinstructionCconsideration Dconvenience解析：考查名詞辨析。這里表示“請在你方便的時候盡早給我回復(fù)”，at your earliest convenience 是固定表達(dá)，表示“在你方便的時候請盡早”，符合語意。interruption“打斷”；instruc

20、tion“指導(dǎo)，指示”；consideration“考慮”。答案：D9(20113月濟(jì)南模擬)Going to work today，Brenda?No.Its my day _ today.Aout BinCaway Doff解析：考查介詞辨析。語意：今天我休息。Its ones day off.是固定用法。答案：D10(2011濰坊質(zhì)量監(jiān)測)Mr.Clark working in our company is from the United States. But he is a Canadian _.Aby origin Bby natureCby source Dby history解

21、析：考查介詞短語。句意：在我們公司工作的克拉克先生是從美國來的。但論出身，他是加拿大人。by origin論出身，就來源而言；by nature就本質(zhì)而言，天生地。答案：A11(2010青島市聯(lián)合模擬)We should talk about the things _ the childrens understanding in a simple way.Aover BbeyondCabove Dunder解析：考查介詞辨析。句意：我們應(yīng)當(dāng)用一種簡單的方式談?wù)摮鰞和斫饽芰Φ氖挛?。D項(xiàng)不符合句意；above和over一般描述位置；beyond“超過，非所能及”，符合句意。答案：B12(201

22、0南京第三次模擬)The company has changed some of its working practices _ complaints and criticism from the customers.Ain respect to Bin return forCin exchange for Din response to解析：本題考查固定短語。從句意可知公司作出的調(diào)整是對顧客的投訴和批評的回應(yīng)，in response to 對作出回應(yīng)，符合句意。答案：D13(2010南京第二次模擬)After running for a mile yesterday，I was almost

23、 _，not feeling bad，though.Aout of shape Bout of breathCout of control Dout of order解析：考查介詞詞組辨析。語意表示“昨天跑了一英里后，我上氣不接下氣”，out of breath“上氣不接下氣”，符合語意。out of shape表示“走樣的，身體不佳”；out of control表示“失控”；out of order 表示“發(fā)生故障”。答案：B14(2010杭州市第二次教學(xué)質(zhì)量檢測)After the quarrel，I tried all my best to remove the misundersta

24、nding between us，but all my efforts seemed _.Ain vain Bin caseCin time Din trouble解析：考查固定短語辨析。句意：爭吵過后，我盡力去消除我們之間的誤會，但是我的努力看起來都白費(fèi)了。in vain“白費(fèi)地，徒勞無益地”；in case“免得，以防”；in time 及時；in trouble處于困境。故選A。答案：A15(2010浙江金華十校3月聯(lián)考)Many of the scientists and engineers are judged _ how great their achievements are.A

25、.in spite of Bin charge ofCin favor of Din terms of解析：考查介詞短語。in spite of意思是“不顧”；in charge of意思是“負(fù)責(zé)，管理”；in favor of意思是“支持，贊同”；in terms of意思是“根據(jù)，就而言”。根據(jù)題干內(nèi)容可知，D項(xiàng)符合語境。即依據(jù)他們所取得的成就來評定。答案：D16(2011海南五校聯(lián)考)Mr.Li has some trouble sleeping，so drinking a glass of milk before going to bed every night is his comm

26、on _.Apractice BknowledgeCexperience Dduty解析：考查名詞辨析。因此每晚睡前喝一杯牛奶是他通常的做法。common practice“通常的做法”，符合題意。答案：A17(2010浙江金華十校3月聯(lián)考)If you ask why I plan to study in the United States，the only answer is that it is a(n) _ for me.Apuzzle BadvantageCchallenge Daverage解析：考查名詞辨析。challenge意思是“挑戰(zhàn)”，即選擇在美國學(xué)習(xí)的理由是因?yàn)檫@樣做具有

27、挑戰(zhàn)性。其他選項(xiàng)不合語境。puzzle 意思是“困惑”；advantage 意思是“優(yōu)點(diǎn)，優(yōu)勢”；average意思是“平均數(shù)”。答案：C18(2010南京第三次模擬)Most pop music is influenced，_ a greater or less degree，by the blues.Ato BonCfor Dwithin解析：本題考查介詞。degree通常與to搭配，to a degree達(dá)到某種程度。句意：大部分流行音樂都或多或少地受到布魯斯音樂的影響。答案：A19(2010蘇錫常鎮(zhèn)四市教學(xué)調(diào)查)I can tell you nothing else about the

28、 new film _ what youve already known.Arather than Bas well asCin spite of Dapart from解析：考查短語辨析。apart from意思是“除了”。關(guān)于那部新電影，除了你已經(jīng)知道的情況外，我沒有什么可以告訴你的了。rather than意思是“而不是”；as well as意思是“和一樣，也”；in spite of意思是“不顧，不管”。答案：D20(2010東北三省四市聯(lián)考)Putting the worries out of her mind，Mary turned her efforts _ the eveni

29、ng meal.Ato BbeyondCoff Dinside解析：考查介詞。turn to是固定搭配，表示“(把注意力等)轉(zhuǎn)向”。答案：A.完形填空(2011合肥第二次教學(xué)檢測)Kindness is the golden chain by which society is bound together.However，I was not thinking about the golden chain when I had to help people who _1_ their way and parked in front of my house.I was growing tired

30、of helping so many people.Almost every _2_ I was awaken during a sound nights sleep and had to _3_ someone out.Many times I was _4_ by some penniless motorists who did not even thank me for the help that they received and some even complained that I could have done _5_ .One day，a young man with a we

31、ekold beard climbed out of a _6_ automobile.He had no money and no food.He asked if I could give him some _7_ ，offer him gasoline and a meal.I told him that if he wanted to work for me，he could cut the grass，but _8_ the work wasnt necessary.Though sweaty and hungry，he worked hard.After working all d

32、ay，he sat _9_ to cool himself.I thanked him for his work and gave him the money he _10_ .I then offered him some _11_ money for the task particularly well done, but he shook his head，_12_ .I never saw him again.He probably thought I helped him out that day，but that is not the _13_ it was.I didnt hel

33、p him，whereas he helped me to _14_ people again to repay their trust in me.He helped me to once again want to do something for those who are _15_ .I wish I could thank him for _16_ some of my belief in the basic _17_ of others and for giving me back a little of the _18_ I had lost.Because of him，I o

34、nce again felt myself part of a golden chain of kindness that _19_ us to others.I may have fed his body that day，but he fed my _20_ .1A.fought BfoundCmade Dlost解析：根據(jù)第二段可知，經(jīng)常有一些迷路的人向作者問路。因此選D。答案：D2A.morning BafternoonCnight Devening解析：根據(jù)空處后面的內(nèi)容可知，幾乎每天晚上都要被人吵醒。答案：C3A.bring BhelpCcarry Ddrive解析：help sb

35、.out意思是“幫助某人擺脫(困境)”。答案：B4A.taken for granted Bput up withCturned down Dtaken up with解析：take.for granted意思是“認(rèn)為理所當(dāng)然”。一些身無分文的汽車司機(jī)認(rèn)為我理所當(dāng)然應(yīng)該幫助他們。put up with“容忍，忍受”；turn down“拒絕，關(guān)小”；take up with“和交往”。答案：A5A.less BmoreCworse Denough解析：有些人甚至抱怨我本應(yīng)該為他們提供更多的幫助。答案：B6A.fashionable BfamousCflashy Dshabby解析：fashio

36、nable “流行的”；famous“著名的”；flashy“浮華的”；shabby意思是“破舊的”。根據(jù)后面一句話可知，這個人比較窮，因此D項(xiàng)正確，即他開的車很破。答案：D7A.money BfoodChelp Dwork解析：后面一句話中if he wanted to work for me是答案提示。他讓我給他安排一些工作，給他提供汽油和一頓飯。答案：D8A.actually BspeciallyCparticularly Dgenerally解析：根據(jù)語境可知，事實(shí)上(actually)修剪草坪的工作不必要做。specially“專門地”；particularly“特別，尤其”；gen

37、erally“普遍地，一般地”。答案：A9A.in the sun Bin the shadeCin the field Din the car解析：根據(jù)前面的sweaty可知，此處表示工作一天后，他坐在陰涼處(in the shade)乘涼。答案：B10A.asked BbeggedCneeded Dcharged解析：聯(lián)系上文He had no money可知，此處表示我感謝他為我所做的工作并給了他需要的錢。答案：C11A.old BextraCsmall Dgood解析：因?yàn)樗ぷ鞲傻锰貏e好，我給他一些額外的(extra)錢。答案：B12A.accepted BreceivedCrefu

38、sed Ddenied解析：由前面的he shook his head可知，他拒絕接受我多給他的錢。答案：C13A.situation BthingCissue Dway解析：way表示方式。他可能認(rèn)為我那天幫助了他，但其實(shí)事情不是那樣(the way)的。situation“情況，局面”；thing “東西，事件”；issue“(特別重要或大眾關(guān)注的)議題，問題”。答案：D14A.believe in Bwatch overClook after Dcare about解析：他幫助我重新信任他人，以回報他們對我的信任。believe in“信賴，信任”；watch over“照管，監(jiān)視”；l

39、ook after“照顧，照料”；care about“關(guān)心”。答案：A15A.in trouble Bin danger Cin tears Din fear解析：根據(jù)上文可知，他幫助我讓我重新想為那些遇到麻煩的人做些事情。in trouble“處于困境中，有麻煩”符合語境。in danger“在危險中”；in tears “流著淚”；in fear“害怕地”。答案：A16A.forgetting BlosingCrestoring Dfinding解析：restore意思是“恢復(fù)，修復(fù)”。根據(jù)上下文，尤其是本句后面的giving me back可知，他幫我恢復(fù)了一些信念：相信別人的善意。其

40、他選項(xiàng)不符合語境。答案：C17A.goodness BhappinessCpleasure Dnature解析：goodness與本文首句的Kindness相照應(yīng)，即人們的善意。答案：A18A.weakness BstrengthCoptimism Dpessimism解析：optimism意思是“樂觀”，幫助我恢復(fù)了一點(diǎn)自己所遺失的樂觀。答案：C19A.adapts BadjustsCdevotes Dconnects解析：因?yàn)樗以僖淮胃械阶约菏巧埔恻S金鏈的一部分，善意將人們聯(lián)系(connects)在一起。這里與文章的第一句話相照應(yīng)。答案：D20A.heart BsoulChead Dm

41、outh解析：soul意思是“心靈，內(nèi)心”，與前半句的body形成對比。我可能讓他填飽了肚子，但他讓我的心靈充實(shí)。答案：B.閱讀理解(2011福州質(zhì)量檢測)Today most Chinese teenagers are happy to be favored by two parents and four grandparents in their families.But have you ever thought about how to take care of four to twelve old people when you grow up and get married？Thi

42、s could be a problem for most Chinese youths as China is entering a new stage of an aging society.An aging society refers to one where 10 percent or more of its population is over 60.By the end of 2007，Chinese over 60 years old have made up 11.7 percent of the nations total population.“China is gett

43、ing old before becoming rich，”said Cai Chuang，a professor at the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences.The population increase that has powered Chinese growth for three decades will give way over the next ten years to a rapid aging of the society.This will lead to weaker economic growth，because of a la

44、ck of labor resources.As a result of the family planning policy，it is expected that the countrys total working population will decrease after 2015.China is not the only country getting old.More than 60 countries have become aging societies and one in three people in the European Union is a senior ci

45、tizen.However，experts said that China doesnt have a highly developed social security network to support the old.Social security is an insurance program protecting those in need，including the old，the disabled and others.1An aging society is a society that _.Aless than 10% of its population is over 60B10% or more