高中英語定語從句精華版教學案

1、定語從句 導入： e.g. She is a beautiful girl.She is a beautiful girl who drives me crazy. （一）定語從句定義1.定語從句：在復合句中，修飾某個名詞或代詞的句子（做這個名詞或代詞的定語）叫定語從句，定語從句一般放在被修飾的名詞或代詞后面，2.先行詞：被修飾的名詞或代詞叫做定語從句的先行詞。3.用來引導定語從句的詞叫做關系詞。關系代詞的種類：關系代詞that, which, who, whose,關系副詞： when, where, why 4.定語從句結(jié)構(gòu)：先行詞+關系詞+定語從句。1. There she saw a

2、wall of water that was quickly advancing towards her.2. In Japan, someone who sees another person making the gesture will think it means money.3. A theme park is a collection of rides, exhibitions or other attractions that are based on a common theme.4. The park has a conservation center that helps

3、protect marine animals and their habitats in the rivers and coastal waters of Asia.5. Visitors can go on exciting rides where they can feel what it is like to do the things they have seen their heroes do in the movie.6. Oprah Winfrey is a black woman whose rise to fame is an inspiring story.（二）定語從句分

4、類限定性定語從句：從句對先行詞進行必要的描述或說明，對先行詞起修飾限定作用，從句與先行詞緊密相連缺少它，則句義顯得不完整，一般不用逗號隔開。非限定性定語從句：對先行詞進行補充說明，解釋，它與先行詞關系松散，用逗號隔開。1.The man who gave me this book is Tom .(限定性)2.Tom,who is reading a book ,is my classmate (非限定性)（三）關系代詞1. who指人，在定語從句中作主語，口語中可做賓語；that 也可指人，但多用who.e.g. The man who is sitting under the tree i

5、s a German . The students who speaks German best comes from China . The man who (that ) you want to see is here .2. Whom指人，在句中做賓語，可省略，但在做介詞的賓語是只能用whom,不能用who.關系代詞前有介詞時不能省略。e.g. The man (whom) you look for has left . I know the girl (whom) the teacher is speaking to . I know the girl to whom the teac

6、her is speaking .3. whose, 作定語，可指人或物 e.g. Everyone heplps the child whose parents are dead. They are the lazy students whose homework wasnt handed in .針對練習1.【2011全國卷I)】The prize will go to the writer _ story shows the most imagination. A. that B. which C. whose D. what2.【2011四川卷）】The school shop, _

7、customers are mainly students, is closed few the holidays. A. which B. whose C. when D. where3.10山東Thats the new machine _ parts are too small to be seen. A. that B. which C. whose D. What4.100陜西The old temple _ roof was damaged in storm is now under repair. A. where B. which C. its D. whose5.10北京Ch

8、ildren who are not active or diet is high in fat will gain weight quickly. A. what B. whose C. which D. that www. ks5u. com/gaokao/beijing6.10重慶In china, the number of cities is increasing _development is recognized across the world. A. whereB. whichC. whoseD. that7.09天津A person _ e-mail account is

9、full wont be able to send or receive any e-mails.A. who B. whom C. whose D. whoever8.09安徽Many children, parents are away working in big cities, are taken good care of in the villageAtheir Bwhose Cof them Dwith whom9.09湖南I was born in New Orleans, Louisiana, a city name will create a picture of beaut

10、iful trees and green grass in our mind.A. which B. of which C. that D. whose4.that 指人或物，多指物，作主語（不能省略）或賓語（可省略） e.g. He is the finest comrade that has helped us . This is a plant that grows in the north .5. which ,指物，在句中做主語（不能省略），或賓語（可省略）。e.g. This is a plant which grows in the north . 常用that不用which的情

11、況只能that用做關系代詞的情況（共9種類型）。 1.當先行詞是all, everything, anything, nothing, much, little, none, one等不定代詞時，只用that。歌訣助記：不定代詞這路貨，全用that準沒錯。 Pay attention to everything that I do. 2.當先行詞被序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級修飾時，只用that。歌訣助記：先行詞前被限定，千萬不要用which. This is the best novel (that) have read.3.如果出現(xiàn)兩個或兩個以上的先行詞，并同時兼指人和物時，關系代詞用that。歌

12、訣助記：兩項并列人與物，引導定從用that.They were talking about the person and things that they remembered in school.4.當先行詞被the only, the last, the way, the same等等修飾時。 This is the last time that I shall give you a lesson.5.在疑問詞which開頭的特殊疑問句中,為了避免重復只用that。 Which of the students that knows something about history.6. 當先

13、行詞被All, every, no, some, any, little, much等修飾時，只用that。 He has little time that he can spare.7.當被修飾的成分是數(shù)詞時，（被修飾成分是代名詞one，指人時除外）只用that. Ive got one that you might be interested in.（3）用which，不用that的情況引導非限制性定語從句。e.g. Football, which is an interesting game, is played all over the world.全世界都踢足球，它是一項有趣的運動。

14、Carol said the work would be done by October, which personally I doubt very much. 卡羅爾說這項工作將在十月前做，對此我個人表示懷疑。Dorothy was always speaking highly of her role in the play, which ,of course, made the others unhappy. 桃樂茜總是吹噓她在戲劇中的角色，這當然使別人不高興。直接放在介詞后作賓語時。Language is the most important tool without which pe

15、ople cant communicate with each other.語言是最重要的工具，沒有它，人們便無法交流。針對練習1.先行詞taxi 作fire的賓語?！?011上海卷) 】Youll find taxis waiting at the bus station _ you can hire to reach your host family.A. whichB. whereC. whenD. as2先行詞streets and houses 在從句中作主語。.【2011山東卷）】The old town has narrow streets and small houses _a

16、re built close to each other.A. they B. where C. what D. that3.【2011福建卷）】She has a gift for creating an atmosphere for her students _ allows them to communicate freely with each other.A. which B. where C. what D. who4先行詞the students 作 met 的賓語。.10湖南Ive become good friends with several of the students

17、 in my school I met in the English speech contest last year. A. who B. where C. when D. which5.10全國I refuse to accept the blame for something _was someone elses fault. A. who B. that C. as D. what（四）關系副詞1.when 指時間（1）在定語從句中作狀語，先行詞主要為一些時間名詞（year ,day ,time,week等）,但時間名詞在從句中作主語，賓語時，應用that，which，不能用when

18、e.g. He still remember the day when he joined the army .做主語 Ill never forget the time when (during which ) we worked on the farm.作狀語 I still remember the day that/which is his birthay.做主語 He regretted the days that /which he spent on play . 做賓語He rememberes the days when he spent much money on stori

19、es . (2) It is the first time that 句型中，that是習慣用法，不用when。 e.g. It is the first time that I have been to the Great Wall .2.where 指地點 （1）指前面的地點，在從句中作狀語。e.g. I know the factory where I worked twenty years ago . (2) 指地點，在句中作主語，賓語時不能用where，須用that/which .e.g. This is the house where he has lived for 20 yea

20、rs .This is the house that he has lived in for 20 years .e.g. This is the shool in which /where we study every year. This is the shool that /which we visited yesterday. 注：有時when ,where 相當于“介詞+at/in +which ”.e.g. He left the room where /in which he lived last year. (3) 當先行詞為某個方面、情況、階段、位置等的詞時使用關系副詞3.w

21、hy表示原因“the reason why .that. ”中，不能用because 代替that .e.g. Thats the reason why (for which ) he didnt come to school .The reason why he didnt attend the meeting is that he was ill .但reason 在從句中做賓語時，關系代詞用that/which ,課省略e.g. I dont believe the reason (which/that) he gave me .關系副詞針對性練習1.【2011江蘇卷）】Between

22、the two parts of the concert is an interval（間隔; 幕間, 休息時間; 距離）, _ the audience can buy ice-cream.A. when B. where C. that D. which2.【2011安徽卷）】Whatever is left over may be put into the refrigerator, _ it will keep for two or three weeks.A. when B. which C. where D. while3.【2011浙江卷）】A bank is the place

23、 _ they lend you an umbrella in fair weather and ask for it back when it begins to rain. A. when B. that C. where D. there4此題注意與強調(diào)句區(qū)分。如時間狀語改為on the April 29,2001，則強調(diào)句，強調(diào)時間狀語。.【2011福建卷）】It was April 29,2001 Prince William and Kate Middleton walked into the palace hall of the wedding ceremony.Athat Bw

24、hen CsinceDberore5【2011陜西卷）】I walked up to the top of the hill with my friend, _ we enjoyed a splendid view of the lake.A. which B. where C. who D. that6.10福建Stephen Hawking believes that earth is unlikely to be the only planet life has developed gradually. A. thatB. whereC. whichD. whose 7.10江西The

25、girl arranged to have piano lessons at the training center with her sister _ she would stay for an hour. A where B who C which D what8.10天津-Can you believe I had to pay 30 dollars for a haircut?-You should try the barbers I go. Its only 15. A. as B. which C. where D. that9.09上海Mozarts birthplace and

26、 the house _ he composed The Magic Flute are both museums now。A. where B. when C. there D. which 10.09四川Shell never forget her stay此處為名詞，意為“逗留，停留” there _ _ she found her son who had gone missing two years before. A. that B. which C. where D. when 11.09福建Its helpful to put children in a situation 抽象

27、名詞 they can see themselves differently.A. that B. when C. which D. where 12.09浙江I have reached a point 同上in my life _ I am supposed to make decisions of my own.A. whichB. whereC. how D. why13.09重慶Life is like a long race _we compete with others to go beyond ourselves.A. why B. what C. that D. where

28、同上14.09北京What do you think of teacher, Bob？I find it fun and challenging. It is a job _ you are doing something serious but interesting. A. where In a job 在工作中=where B. which C. when D. that 15.08北京Ill give you my friends home address, I can be reached most evenings.A.whichB.whenC.whomD.where16.08安徽

29、All the neighbors admire this family, the parents are treating their child like a friend.A.whyB.whereC.whichD.that17.08江西Later in this chapter cases will be introduced to readersconsumer complaints have resulted in changes in the law.A.whereB.whenC.whoD.which18.08重慶They will fly to Washington, they

30、plan to stay for two or three days.A.whereB.there C.whichD.when19.08山東Occasionsoccasion occasion | kenn. 場合, 機會, 時機v. 致使, 引起, 惹起 are quite rare I have the time to spend a day with my kids.A.whoB.whichC.whyD.when（五）“介詞+關系代詞”引導的定語從句 當先行詞在定于從句中作介詞的賓語時，往往可以把介詞放在關系代詞之前，構(gòu)成“介詞+關系代詞（whom/which）”結(jié)構(gòu)。但一些短語東西如l

31、ook after 等中的介詞不能與動詞分開，故不能放在關心代詞之前。確定介詞時： 一是，依據(jù)定于從句中動詞所需要的某種習慣搭配， 二是，依據(jù)先行詞的某種習慣搭配， 三是，根據(jù)所要表達的意思來確定，例如：介詞+ 關系代詞針對性練習1.10山東Wind power is an ancient source of energy we may return in the near future. A. on which B. by which C. to which Return to 回歸于 D. from which2.09陜西Gun control is a subject Americans

32、 have argued for a long time. A. of which B. with which C. about whichArgue about D. into which3.09江西The house I grew up _ has been taken down and replaced by an office building. A. in it B. in 此題題干部分可改為：The house _in which_I grew up has been.; which 在此處為賓語可，省略，介詞in 可移至動詞后。所以答案為in C. in that D. in w

33、hich 4.10浙江The settlement is home to nearly 1,000 people, many of left their village homes for a better life in the city. A. whomB. which C. themD. those5.08福建By nine oclock, all the Olympic torch bearers had reached the top of Mount Qomolangma, appeared a rare rainbow soon.A.of which B.on whichC.fr

34、om whichD.above which6.08四川For many cities in the world, there is no room to spread out further, New York is an example.A.for whichB.in whichC.of which表示所屬關系，many cities 中的一個-NewYork D.from which（六）.非限定性定語從句1. 關系代詞在非限定性定語從句中的用法。指人做主語用who,作賓語用whom ，指地點用where，指時間when，指物只用which，不能用that，作定語用whose。e.g. H

35、e didnt see the film, which was very interesting .(不用that)非限定性定語從句針對性練習1.【2011全國卷II）】Ted came for the weekend wearing only some shorts and a T-shirt, _ is a stupid thing to do in such weather. A. this B. that C. what D. which2.【2011北京卷）】Mary was much kinder to Jack than she was to the others, _, of

36、course, make all the others upset. A. whoB. whichC. whatD. that3.【2011江西卷）】She showed the visitors around the museum, the construction _had taken more than three years.A. for whichB. with whichC. of whichD. to which4.【2011江蘇卷）】Between the two parts of the concert is an interval, _ the audience can b

37、uy ice-cream.A. when B. where C. that D. which5.【2011安徽卷）】Whatever is left over may be put into the refrigerator, _ it will keep for two or three weeks.A. when B. which C. where D. while6.【2011浙江卷）】English is a language shared by several diverse cultures, each of _ uses it somewhat differently. A. w

38、hich B. what C. them D. those7【2011陜西卷）】I walked up to the top of the hill with my friend, _ we enjoyed a splendid view of the lake.A. which B. where C. who D. that8.【2011湖南卷)】Julie was good at German, French and Russian , all of _ she spoke fluently. A. who B. whom C. which D. that9.10浙江The settlem

39、ent is home to nearly 1,000 people, many of left their village homes for a better life in the city. A. whomB. which C. themD. those10.10江蘇The newly built caf, the walls of_ are painted light green, is really a peaceful place for us, specially after hard work. A. that B. it C. what D. which11.10四川Aft

40、er graduating from college, I took some time off to go travelling, turned out to be a wise decision. A. that B. which C. when D. where12.10全國As a child , Jack studied in a village school ,_ is named after his grandfather. A. which B. where C. what D. that13.09安徽Many children, parents are away workin

41、g in big cities, are taken good care of in the villageAtheir Bwhose Cof them Dwith whom14.09遼寧Theyve won their last three matches, _I find a bit surprising A. that B. when C. what D. which 15.09湖南I was born in New Orleans, Louisiana, a city name will create a picture of beautiful trees and green gra

42、ss in our mind.A. which B. of which C. that D. whose16.09全國My friend showed me round the town, was very kind of him. A. which B. that C. where D. it 17.08全國The road conditions there turned out to be very good, _ was more than we could expect.A.it B.what C.which D.that18.08北京Ill give you my friends h

43、ome address, you can be reached most evenings.A.whichB.whenC.whomD.where19.08安徽All the neighbors admire this family, the parents are treating their child like a friend.A.whyB.whereC.whichD.that20.08湖南The growing speed of a plant is influenced by a number of factors, are beyond our control.A.most of

44、themB.most of whichC.most of whatD.most of that 21.08陜西The man pulled out a gold watch, were made of small diamonds.A. the hands of whomB. whom the hands ofC. which the hands of D. the hands of which22.08四川For many cities in the world, there is no room to spread out further, New York is an example.A

45、.for whichB.in whichC.of whichD.from which23.08重慶They will fly to Washington, they plan to stay for two or three days.A.whereB.there C.whichD.when24.08浙江Yesterday she sold her car, _ she bought a month ago.A. when B. where C. that D. which25.08福建By nine oclock, all the Olympic torch bearers had reac

46、hed the top of Mount Qomolangma, appeared a rare rainbow soon.A.of which B.on whichC.from whichD.above which26.08江蘇The Science Museum, we visited during a recent trip to Britain, is one of Londons tourist attractions.A.whichB.whatC.thatD.where（八）as 引導的限制性定語從句A such .as 和 the sameas 的用法such .as： 像.一樣

47、的，像.之類；the sameas： 和.同樣的 在這兩個句型中，as是關系代詞，such和same 作定語，修飾主語里的某個名詞（或代詞），這個名詞是由as引導的定語從句的先行詞，as在從句中可擔任主語、賓語或表語。Eg： We have found such materials as are used in their factory.( 在從句中作主語) I seldom give my students such a difficult problem as they cannot work out.（在從句中作賓語） The result is not the same as the

48、y had expected.( 在從句中作賓語) 重點比較 the same as和 the same thatthe sameas:和.相同（代指同類事物）；the same that：和.相同（代指同一事物）兩者都引導定語從句。as 從句中說明的名詞與the same 修飾的名詞是同一類，而非同一個。that從句中說明的名詞與the same 修飾的名詞是同一個。Eg：He is reading the same book that you bought yesterday.He is reading the same book as you bought yesterday.This

49、is the same pen that I lost. =This is the pen that I lost.(指同一支筆)This is the same (kind/type/sort) of pen as I lost.（指同類型的筆，但并不是我丟失的那一支）B .such as 的用法.such as 中的such為代詞，意思是“這樣的人或物”，as 在從句中作賓語，修飾先行詞such。Eg： This book is not such as I expect.He told me of his experience such as I had never had before.

50、I have not many, but I will send you such as I have.相關鏈接：such as 還有“諸如，例如，像那樣的”的意思，此時后面跟名詞或名詞短語等。Eg：They bought a lot of fruit, such as apples,oranges,etc.n as 引導的非限制性定語從句as 可以像which一樣引導非限制性定語從句，用來代表整個句子的內(nèi)容，它的先行詞可以是名詞，也可以是不定式短語或整個句子。as 在從句中作主語、賓語和表語。此外，有些as 引導的定語從句已成為固定用法，如：As we know As has been sa

51、id before 如上所述As is known to all As is often the case 像通常那樣As is reported As was expected 正如預料的那樣Eg： She is very careful, as her work shows. As we know, smoking is harmful to ones health. As is often the case, we have worked out the production plan. 重點比較as 和which 引導的非限制性定語從句的聯(lián)系和區(qū)別 as 和which 都可以代替整個句子，當定語從句置于主句之后時，as和which可以和互換。Eg：He didnt tell me any news, as/which upset me. Which引導的從句，代表的前面的整個主句時，不能放在主句之前。而as 引導的定語從句，代表整個主句時，可以放在主句之前或之后，有時也可以放在主語和謂語之間。Eg：As is reported in the newspapers, talks between the two countries are making progress. = Talks between the two countri