2018年高考英語全國1卷(附答案和聽力原文)

1、12B-YY-0000001-1 -3 -絕密啟用前2018年普通高等學(xué)校招生全國統(tǒng)一考試英語全國I卷:-（全卷共14頁）號-（適用地區(qū)：河南、河北、山西、江西、湖北、湖南、廣東、安徽、福建、山東）學(xué)- 注意事項：1.答卷前，考生務(wù)必將自己的姓名、考生號等填寫在答題卡和試卷指定位置上。2 .回答選擇題時，選岀每小題答案后，用鉛筆把答題卡上對應(yīng)題目的答案標(biāo)號涂黑。如需改動，用橡皮擦干凈后，再選涂其它答案標(biāo)號，回答非選擇題時，將答案寫在5. What is the probable relatio nship betwee n the speakers?A. Classmates.B. Teach

2、er and stude nt. C. Doctor and patie nt.第二節(jié) （共15小題；每小題分，滿分分）聽下面5段對話或獨白。每段對話或獨白后有幾個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項。 聽每段對話或獨白前，你將有時間閱讀各個小題， 每小題5秒鐘；聽完后，各小題將給出 5秒鐘的作答時間。每段對話或獨白讀兩線答題卡上，寫在本試卷上無效。封 3.考試結(jié)束后，將本試卷和答案卡一并交回 密第一部分 聽力（共兩節(jié)，滿分 30分）做題時，先將答案標(biāo)在試卷上。錄音內(nèi)容結(jié)束后，你將有兩分鐘的時間將試 卷上的答案轉(zhuǎn)涂到答題卡上。第一節(jié) （共5小題；每小題分，滿分分）班_聽下面5段對

3、話。每段對話后有一個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選_ - 項中選出最佳選項。聽完每段對話后，你都有 10秒鐘的時間來回答有關(guān)小題和 二-閱讀下一小題。每段對話僅讀一遍。年-_ 例：How much is the shirt?A. 19.15.答案是CoB. 9.18.C. 9.15.二-1. What will James do tomorrow?二- A. Watch a TV program.B. Give a talk.二 2. What can we say about the woma n?二A. She s generous.B. She s curious.二3. When

4、does the train leave?A. At 6:30.B. At 8:30.校一學(xué) -4. How does the woman go to work?A. By car.B. On foot.C. Write a report.C. She s helpful.C. At 10:30.C. By bike.聽第6段材料，回答第6、7題。6. What does the woma n regret?A. Giving up her research.B. Dropp ing out of college.C. Changing her major.7. What is the wom

5、a n in terested in study ing now?A. Ecology.B. Educati on.聽第7段材料，回答第8、9題。8. What is the man?A. A hotel man ager.B. A tour guide.9. What is the man doing for the woma n?A. Look ing for some local foods.B. Show ing her around the seaside.C. Offeri ng in formati on about a hotel.聽第8段材料，回答第10至12題。10. Wh

6、ere does the con versati on probably take place?A. In an office.B. At home.11. What will the speakers do tomorrow evening?A. Go to a con cert.B. Visit a friend.12. Who is Alice goi ng to call?C. Chemistry.C. A taxi driver.C. At a restaura nt.C. Work extra hours.12B-YY-0000001-5 -4 -A. Mike.B. Joa n.

7、C. Catheri ne.閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個選項中，選出最佳選項。聽第9段材料，回答第13至16題。13. Why does the woma n meet the man?A. To look at an apartme nt.B. To deliver some furniture.C. To have a meal together.14. What does the woman like about the carpet?A. Its color.B. Its desig n.15. What does the man say about the kitch

8、e n?A. It s a good size. B. It s n ewly pain ted.16. What will the woman probably do next?A. Go dow ntow n.B. Talk with her friend.聽第10段材料，回答第17至20題。17. Who is the speaker probably talk ing to?A. Movie fans.B. News reporters.18. When did the speaker take En glish classes?A. Before he left his hometo

9、w n.B. After he came to America.C. When he was 15 years old.19. How does the speaker feel about his teacher?A. He s proud.B. He s sympathetic.20. What does the speaker mai nly talk about?A. How educati on shaped his life.B. How his Ian guage skills improved.C. How he man aged his bus in ess well.第二部

10、分 閱讀理解（共兩節(jié)，滿分 40分）第一節(jié) （共15小題；每小題2分，滿分30分）A Wash ington, D.C. Bicycle ToursCherry Blossom Bike Tour in Wash ington, D.C.Durati on: 3 hoursThis small group bike tour is a fan tastic way to see the world-famous cherry treesC. Its quality.with beautiful flowers of Wash ington, D.C. Your guide will provi

11、de a history less on aboutthe trees and the famous monuments where they blossom. Reserve your spot before C. It s adequately equippedavailability- and the cherry blossoms- disappear!Wash ington Capital Monuments Bicycle TourC. Make payme nt.Durati on: 3 hours （4 miles）Join a guided bike tour and vie

12、w some of the most popular monuments in Washington, D.C. Explore the monuments and memorials on the National Mall as your guide shares unique facts and history at each stop. Guided tour in cludes bike, helmet,C. College stude nts. cookies and bottled water.Capital City Bike Tour in Washi ngt on, D.C

13、.Durati on: 3 hoursMorning or Afternoon, this bike tour is the perfect tour for D.C. n ewcomers and locals looking to experience Washington, D.C. in a healthy way with minimum effort.C. He s grateful.Knowledgeable guides will entertain you with the most interesting stories aboutPreside nts, Con gres

14、s, memorials, and parks. Comfortable bikes and a smooth tour route （路線）make cycli ng betwee n the sites fun and relax ing.Washi ngton Capital Sites at Night Bicycle TourDurati on: 3 hours （7 miles）Join a small group bike tour for an evening of explorati on in the heart of Wash ington,D. C. Get up cl

15、ose to the monuments and memorials as you bike the sites of Capitol Hill and the Nati onal Mall. Freque nt stops are made for photo tak ing as your guide offers12B-YY-0000001unique facts and history. Tour in eludes bike, helmet, and bottled water. All riders are of ITV Save Money: Good Health , whic

16、h gave viewers advice on how to get value from-5 -7 -equipped with reflective vests and safety lights.21. Which tour do you n eed to book in adva nee?A. Cherry Blossom Bike Tour in Washington, D.C.B. Wash ington Capital Monuments Bicycle Tour.C. Capital City Bike Tour in Washi ngt on, D.C.D. Washi n

17、gton Capital Sites at Night Bicycle Tour.22. What will you do on the Cap ital City Bike Tour?A. Meet famous people.B. Go to a n ati onal park.C. Visit well-k nown museums.D. Enjoy in terest ing stories.23. Which of the following does the bicycle tour at night provide?the vast range of health product

18、s on the market.With food our biggest weekly household expe nse, Susa nna and Matt spe nd time witha different family each week. In tonight s Easter special they come to the aid of a fin n eed of some delicious in spirati on on a budget. The team tran sforms the familyweeke nd of celebrati on with l

19、ess expe nsive but still tasty recipes.24. What do we kn ow about Susa nna Reid?A. She enjoys embarrass ing her guests.B. She has started a new programme.C. She dislikes work ing early in the morning.D. She has had a tight budget for her family.A. City maps.B. Cameras.25. How does Matt Tebbutt help

20、Susa nna?C. Meals.D. Safety lights.A. He buys cooking materials for her.B. He prepares food for her kids.C. He assists her in cook ing matters.D. He in vites guest families for her.A. Summarize the previous paragraphs. show ing families how to prepareC. Ada some backgro und in formati on.Good Mornin

21、g Britain s Susanna Reid is used to grilling guests on the sofa every morning, but she is cook ing up a storm in her latest role26. What does the author intend to do in paragraph 4?B. Provide some advice for the readers.D. In troduce a new topic for discussi on.delicious and nutritious meals on a ti

22、ght budget.27. What can be a suitable title for the text?B. Bala ncing Our Daily DietD. Cook ing Well for LessIn Save Money: Good Food, she visits a different home each week and with the help. l. , l . 小A. Keeping Fit by Eating Smart of chef Matt Tebbutt offers top tips on how to reduce food waste,

23、while prepari ng recipesc. Making you rsen a penect CheT for under 5 per family a day. And tGood Morning Britain presenter says she s beenable to put a lot of what shes learnt into practice in her own home, preparing meals forsons, Sam, 14, Finn, 13, and Jack, 11.“ We love Mexican churros, so I buy

24、them on my phone from my local Mexican takeaway restaura nt,” she expla ins.I pay 份T0rtaJplOlaittrm（akes themfor 26p a portion, because they are flour, water, sugar and oil. Everybody can buy takeaway food, but sometimes we renot aware how cheaply we can make this food ourselves. ”The eight-part ser

25、ies （系歹U節(jié)目）,Save Money: Good Food , follows in the footstepsLan guages have bee n coming and going for thousa nds of years, but in recent times there has been less coming and a lot more going. When the world was still populated by hun ter-gatherers, small, tightly kn it （ 聯(lián)系）groups developed their o

26、wn patter ns of speech in depe ndent of each other. Some Ian guage experts believe that 10,000 years ago, whe n the world had just five to ten million people, they spoke perhaps 12,000 Ianguages betwee n them.Soon afterwards, many of those people started settl ing dow n to become farmers, and 12B-YY

27、-0000001their Ianguages too became more settled and fewer in number. In recent centuries, trade, industrialisation, the development of the nation-state and the spread of universal compulsory educati on, especially globalisati on and better com mun icatio ns in the past few decades, all have caused m

28、any Ianguages to disappear, and dominant Ianguages such as En glish, Spanish and Chin ese are in creas in gly tak ing over.At present, the world has about 6,800 Ianguages. The distribution of these Ianguages is hugely uneven. The general rule is that mild zones have relatively few Ianguages, often s

29、poke n by many people, while hot, wet zones have lots, often spoke n by small nu mbers. Europe has only around 200 Ian guages; the Americas about 1,000; Africa 2,400; and Asia and the Pacific perhaps 3,200, of which Papua New Guinea alone acco unts for well over 800. The median number (中位數(shù))of speake

30、rs is a mere 6,000, which means that half the world s Ianguages are spoken by fewer people than that.Already well over 400 of the total of 6,800 Ianguages are close to extinction ( 消亡), with only a few elderly speakers left. Pick, at random, Busuu in Cameroon (eight rema ining speakers), Chiapa neco

31、 in Mexico (150), Lipa n Apache in the Un ited States (two or three) or Wadjigu in Australia (one, with a questio n-mark): none of these seems to have much cha nee of survival.C. Huma n developme nt results in fewer Ian guages.D. Geography determ ines Ian guage evoluti on.DWe may think we re a cultu

32、re that gets rid of our worn tech no logy at the first sight of someth ing shiny and n ew, but a new study shows that we keep using our old devices (裝置)well after they go out of style. That s bad news for the environment- as these outdated devices consume much more energy than the newer ones that do

33、 the same thin gs.To figure out how much power these devices are using, Callie Babbitt and her colleagues at the Rochester In stitute of Tech no logy in New York tracked the environmental costs for each product throughout its life- from when its mineto when we stop using the device. This method prov

34、ided a readout for how home energy use has evolved since the early 1990s. Devices were grouped by gen erati on. Desktop computers, basic mobile phones, and box-set TVs defined 1992. Digital cameras arrived on the scene in 1997. And MP3 players, smart pho nes, and LCD TVs en tered homes in 2002, befo

35、re tablets and e-readers showed up in 2007.-7 -9 -28. What can we infer about la nguages in hun ter-gatherer times?A. They developed very fast.C. They had similar patterns.B. They were large in nu mber.D. They were closely conn ected.As we accumulated more devices, however, we didn t throw out our o

36、ld ones.liv in g-room televisi on is replaced and gets pla nted in the kids room, andday, you have a TV in every room of the house,” said one researcher. The averageof electr onic devices rose from four per household in 1992 to 13 in 2007. We29. Which of the follow ing best expla insA. Complex.C. Po

37、werful.B. Adva need.D. Modern.30. How many Ian guages are spoke n by less tha n 6,000 people at prese nt?A. About 6,800.C. About 2,400.B. About 3,400.D. About 1,200.Babbitt s team, old desktop monitors and box TVs with cathode ray tubes are the worst devices with their energy consumption and contrib

38、ution to greenhouse gas emissions ( 排 放)more than doubling during the 1992 to 2007 window.So what s the solution解決方案)? The team s data only went up to 2007, but the researchers also explored what would happe n if con sumers replaced old products with new electro nics that serve more tha n one fun ct

39、io n, such as a tablet for word process ingdominant ” underlined in paragraphed?)ing these old devices - we continue to use them. According to the analysis of31. What is the main idea of the text?A. New Ian guages will be created.B. People s lifestyles are reflected in Ianguages.and TV viewi ng. The

40、y found that more on-dema nd en terta inment viewi ng on tablets in stead of TVs and desktop computers could cut en ergy con sumpti on by 44%.32. What does the author think of new devices?12B-YY-0000001A. They are environmen t-frie ndly.B. They are no better tha n the old.C. They cost more to use at

41、 home.D. They go out of style quickly.33. Why did Babbitt s team con duct the research?A. To reduce the cost of min erals.B. To test the life cycle of a product.C. To update con sumers on new tech no logy.Medium color choices are gen erally furniture pieces such as sofas, dinner tables or bookshelve

42、s. 39. They require a bigger commitment than smaller ones, and theyhave a more powerful effect on the feeli ng of a space.The large color decisions in your rooms concern the walls, ceilings, and floors. Whether you re looking at wallpaper or paint, the time, effort and relative expense put into it a

43、re sig ni fica nt.40 .-9 -10 -D. To find out electricity consumption of the devices.34. Which of the following uses the least energy?A. The box-set TV . B. The tablet. C. The LCD TV. D. The desktop computer.35. What does the text suggest people do about old electr onic devices?A. Stop using them.B.

44、Take them apart.C. Upgrade them.D. Recycle them.第二節(jié) （共5小題；每小題2分，滿分10分）根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。Color is fun dame ntal in home desig n- someth ing you ll always have inA grasp of how to man age color in your spaces is one of the first steps to creati ng roomsA. While all of them are u

45、sefulB. Whatever you re looking forC. If you re experimenting with a colorD. Small color choices are the ones we re most familiar withE. It s not really a good iaeo use too many small color piecesF. So it pays to be sure, because you want to get it right the first timeG. Color choices in this range

46、are a step up from the small ones in two major ways第三部分語言知識運用（共兩節(jié)，滿分 45分）第一節(jié) （共20小題；每小題分，滿分30分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C和D四個選項中，選出可以填every room.入空白處的最佳選項。you ll love to live in. Do you want a room that s full of life? Professi on al? Or are you just42 t waewtdollars?More than that, I49 that our credits

47、would be hard-ear ned. In order to 50 the class, among otherlook ing for a place to relax after a long day? 36, color is the key to making a roomfeel the way you want it to feel.Over the years, there have bee n a nu mber of differe nt tech niq ues to help desig ners approach this important point. 37

48、, they can get a little complex. But good news isthat there re really only three kinds of decisions you need make about color in your home: the small on es, the medium on es, and the large on es.38. They re the little spots of color like throw pillows, mirrors and basketsthat most of us use to add v

49、isual interest to our rooms. Less tiring than painting your walls and less expe nsive tha n buying a colorful sofa, small color choices bring with them the sig ni fica nt ben efit of being easily cha ngeable.During my second year at the city college, I was told that the education department was offe

50、ring a “ free ” course, called Thinking Chess, for three credits. I 41 the idea of taking the class because, after all, who doesnd always wan ted to lear n chess. And, eve n if I werek3eno ugh about free credits, n ews about our 44 was appeali ng eno ugh to me. He was an intern ati onal gra ndmaster

51、, which 45 I would be lear ning from one of the game46. I could hardly wait to _47 him.Maurice Ashley was kind and smart, a former graduate retur ning to teach, and this48 was no game for him; he mea nt bus in ess. In his in troducti on, he made it12B-YY-000000141. A. put forwardB. jumped atC. tried

52、 outD. turned dow n42. A. wasteB. earnC. saveD. pay43. A. excitedB. worriedC. movedD. tired44. A. titleB. competitorC. textbookD. in structor45. A. urgedB. dema ndedC. heldD. meant46. A. fastestB. easiestC. bestD. rarest47. A. i nterviewB. meetC. challe ngeD. beat48. A. chanceB. qualificati onD. job

53、49. A. realB. perfectC. clearD. possible50. A. atte ndB. passC. skipD. observe51.A. addB. exposeC. applyD. compare52. A. even tuallyB. n aturallyC. directlyD. n ormally53. A. gameB. prese ntati onC. courseD. experime nt54. A. criteri onB. classroomC. departme ntD. situati on55. A. taughtB. wroteC. q

54、uesti onedD. promised56. A. factB. stepC. mannerD. skill57. A. gradesB. decisi onsC. impressi onsD. comme nts58. A. an alyzeB. describeC. rebuildD. con trol59. A. announceB. sig nalC. blockD. evaluate60. A. roleB. desireC. concernD. behaviorcriteria, we had to write a paper on how we pla n to51 what

55、 we would lear n in classto our future professi ons and,52 , to our lives. I man aged to get an A in that _53and lear ned life less ons that have served me well bey ond the 54.Ten years after my chess class with Ashley, I m still putting to_usfe5what heme: “ The absolute most important 56 that you l

56、earn when you play chess is how to make good 57. On every si ngle move you have to 58 a situati on, process whatyour opponent （對手）is doing and 59 the best move from among all your options. These words still ring true today in my 60as a jour nalist.節(jié) （共10小題；每小題分，滿分15分）閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。Accord ing to a review of evide nee in a medical journ al, runners live three years （long） than non-runners. You don t have to run fast or foi6tdng （see） theben ef