2013高考英語(yǔ)考前30天語(yǔ)法精講精練：名詞、數(shù)詞、冠詞

1、2013高考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法最后30天精講精練名詞、數(shù)詞、冠詞一、名詞1、在句子里使用名詞應(yīng)注意的問(wèn)題：名詞的數(shù)：?jiǎn)螖?shù)、復(fù)數(shù)和不可數(shù)；名詞的格：通格和屬格 （s ）名詞的限定：特指、泛指、數(shù)量和習(xí)慣用法，即名詞前加冠詞或 其它限定詞， 例如： some, many , this, my 等2、名詞的數(shù)和單位詞：1）復(fù)型名詞 + 復(fù)數(shù)動(dòng)詞 The trousers are too big for me. Please show me the smaller pair. 備用詞： shoes, stockings, glasses, socks NOTICE: A pair of glasses cost

2、s quite a lot.2）復(fù)型名詞 + 單數(shù)動(dòng)詞 A. The news on TV is seldom satisfying. 備用詞：mathematics, physics, politics, means, works, the United States B. Twenty miles is a long way to walk. 備用詞： five pounds, two feet, six weeks3) 集合名詞 + 復(fù)數(shù)名詞 The police have surrounded the building. Cattle are selling for record pr

3、ice (創(chuàng)記錄）.備用詞： the enemy, (the) people NOTICE: 表示由若干人組成的集合體的單數(shù)詞?？勺鲝?fù)數(shù)用，但若把這個(gè)集合體看作整體就用作單數(shù): My family are wonderful. They do all they can for me. The family which now consists of four members at most is smaller than it used to be.4)不可數(shù)名詞作可數(shù)的情況A. 部分不可數(shù)名詞可以有下列情況 a (an) + adj. + n. It looks like rain. a t

4、hirsty for knowledge(求知欲） a heavy rain He has a good knowledge of politics. 備用詞： snow, breakfast, wine, oil, education B.口語(yǔ)特例（特定場(chǎng)合） A (One) beer, please. Two teas and four coffees, please.5)既是可數(shù)又是不可數(shù)的名詞 I broke a glass this morning. (杯子） Glass is made from sand. （玻璃） 備用詞： paper / a paper, light(光) /

5、 a light(燈); ice(冰) / an ice (冰激凌), chicken(雞肉) / a chicken (雛雞)6) 單位詞A.個(gè)數(shù) a piece of information (furniture, advice)B. 以形狀表示個(gè)數(shù) a grain of rice, a flight of stairsC. 容量 a box of matches, a cup of teaD. 計(jì)量 a metre of cloth, a ton of coalE.其它 a (new) set of tools (wires, teeth, rules)3、名詞的格： 1） s 的用法

6、A . 與時(shí)間有關(guān)的名詞 a nights sleep ten minutes walk NOTICE: a two-hour walk = two hourswalk B. 和else 連用 book can this be? A. Who elses B. Whose else C. Whos else D. Whose elses (A) C. s 修飾的詞，如果前面提到，可省略 This is Jacks book, not Toms. This book is Jacks not Toms. D. 表示店、鋪、家、診所等， s 后面的名詞省略 at the Greens (house

7、), at the doctors (office) 2) OF 結(jié)構(gòu)表示所有關(guān)系 A. 無(wú)生命的名詞用of the price of the success B. 有生命的名詞被一個(gè)短語(yǔ)或從句修飾而表示所有關(guān)系時(shí)用of Cant you look at the book of the boy behind you?3)雙重所有格 s 與of結(jié)構(gòu)并用，此時(shí)of結(jié)構(gòu)所修飾的名詞前通常有a, an, two, some, that等 Miss Smith is a friend of Marys mothers. that brother of the girl4)名詞 + 名詞 （名詞用作形容詞

8、） A. 單數(shù)名詞名詞a shoe (flower) shop ticket office NOTICE: the tailors (shop) B. 復(fù)數(shù)名詞名詞 sports meet clothes shop women pilots 二、數(shù)詞1、數(shù)詞在使用時(shí)應(yīng)注意的問(wèn)題：l 易錯(cuò)數(shù)詞：l 年月日及介詞l 計(jì)算用詞l 和數(shù)字相關(guān)的詞2、綜合 1) 數(shù)字表達(dá)：123,856,709 one hundred and twenty-three million, eight hundred and fifty-six thousand, seven hundred and nine 2) 年月日

9、 in the morning; on the morning of September 1; in September; in 1988; on September 1 (on the first of September) 3、計(jì)算 Six and five is (are) eleven. Six hundred plus forty is (equals) six hundred and forty. Four from seven is (leaves) three. Six hundred minus one hundred equals five hundred.X 16 x 1

10、1 = 176 Sixteen times eleven is (makes) one hundred and seventy-six. 9 3 = 3 Nine divided by three equals three.4、dozen, score A. three dozen eggs; three dozen of these eggs; dozens of eggsB. three score years; a (three) score of people; scores of times5、小數(shù)，分?jǐn)?shù)，百分比引導(dǎo)的短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)的主謂一致問(wèn)題分?jǐn)?shù)和百分?jǐn)?shù)引導(dǎo)的短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞

11、的數(shù)應(yīng)根據(jù)分?jǐn)?shù)和百分?jǐn)?shù)后面的名詞來(lái)確定如果是可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式；如果是不可數(shù)名詞或單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式 More than 40 percent of the students wear glasses. 70 percent od the fund(資金) was supplied by the Government.6、“一個(gè)半”的表達(dá)法 one pound and a half ,one and a half years三、冠詞、冠詞應(yīng)注意的問(wèn)題l 習(xí)慣用法l 同一名詞前不同名詞的比較、不定冠詞1) 成對(duì)的名詞（此類(lèi)名詞間常有一種自然的聯(lián)系） a knife

12、 and fork 2) a most + n. “非?！?This is a most beautiful country. 3) a (an) 與 one 之區(qū)別 A. 數(shù)字對(duì)比用one It was one coffee we ordered, not two. B. 對(duì)比 A knife is no good. (刀子不行） One knife is no good. (一把刀子不行） C. 通用a (one) million, a (one) quarter 4) a (an) 與every 之比較: three times a year; twice every three yea

13、rs 5) 慣用法 A. What a surprise ! What a lovely dress ! quite a nice day rather a good idea such a funny expression B. too cold a day How lovely a dress! so strange a person as good a map as3、定冠詞 1）普通名詞組成的專(zhuān)有名詞 the Great Wall the Summer Palace 2）江河、海洋、山脈、群島、海峽、海灣 the Pacific (Ocean) 3）the + adj. (-ing;

14、-ed) A. 指一類(lèi)人，謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù) The old are being taken good care of. B. 指一類(lèi)事，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù) The beautiful is not always the same as the good. 4）用在radio, piano, telephone, 方位、次序、自然現(xiàn)象（rain）、身體 部位前 He hates the telephone. 5）被定語(yǔ)從句、介詞短語(yǔ)、副詞短語(yǔ)、不定式短語(yǔ)等修飾的名詞前 The boy who you are looking for (in blue, there, standing there, dresse

15、d in blue ) is a student.4、零冠詞1）街道、廣場(chǎng)、節(jié)假日、季節(jié)、月份、星期、棋類(lèi)、球類(lèi)等 National Day Nanjing Road2）職位充當(dāng)補(bǔ)語(yǔ)、同位語(yǔ)時(shí) He was elected headmaster of the school.3）成對(duì)出現(xiàn)的成語(yǔ) arm in arm (手挽手), hand in hand (手牽手), face to face, side by side(肩并肩), day and night, young and old, from door to door, from morning till night, from beg

16、inning to end5、冠詞比較1) go to school (hospital, church); in prison (強(qiáng)調(diào)用途） go to the school, visit the prison (強(qiáng)調(diào)建筑物本身）2) Ill go there next Friday. (以說(shuō)話(huà)時(shí)間為準(zhǔn)） In 1989, he was 28, and the next year, he was 29. (以所給時(shí)間為準(zhǔn)）3) by air (plane, boat) in a spaceship ( on the bike, on the bus)4) Open the window to

17、 let in fresh air. (泛指) The air in the room is not fresh. (特指)5) be at table be at the table6) a cup of coffee Two coffees, please. I like white coffee. This is a very good coffee. The coffee on the table is Toms.7) Mr. White is waiting to see you. A Mr. White is waiting to see you. The Mr. White yo

18、u are looking for is waiting to see you.8) A horse is a useful animal. The horse is a useful animal. Horses are useful animals.9) the best season of the year the best time of yearEXERCISES 1 （單選）1. -Id like information about the management of your hotel, please. -Well, you could have word with the m

19、anager. He might be helpful. A. some, a B. an, some C. some, some D. an, a 2. If by any chance someone comes to see me, ask them to have a . A. message B. letter C. sentence D. notice3. He dropped the and broke it. A. cup of coffee B. coffees cup C. cup for coffee D. coffee cup4. There are only twel

20、ve in the hospital. A. woman doctors B. women doctors C. women doctor D. woman doctor5. -How many does a cow have? -Four. A. stomaches B. stomach C. stomachs D.stomachines 6. The of the building are covered with lots of . (AADBCA) A. roofs, leaves B.rooves, leafs C. roof, leaf D.roofs, leafs 7.That

21、was a fifty engine. A. horse power B. horses power C. horse powers D. horses powers8. -How far away is it from here to your school? -Its about . A. half an hours drive B. half hours drives C. half an hour drives D. half an hour drive9. Last week I called at my . A. aunt B. aunts C. aunts D. auntss10

22、. Youll find this map of great in helping you to get round London. A. price B. cost C. usefulness D. value11. Alexander Graham Bell invented telephone in 1876. A.不填 B. a C. the D.one12. -Wheres Jack ? -I think hes still in bed but he might just be in bathroom. A.不填， 不填 B. the, the C. the, 不填 D. 不填，

23、the (AACDCD)13. Many people are still in habit of writing silly things in public places. A. the, the B. 不填，不填 C. the, 不填 D.不填， the 14.She is newcomer to chemistry bust she has already made some important discoveries. A. the, the B. the, 不填 C. a, 不填 D. a, the15. -Have you seen pen? I left it here thi

24、s morning. -Is it black one? I think I saw it somewhere. A. a, the B. the, the C. a, a D. the, a16. Paper money was in use in China when Marco Polo visited the country in thirteenth centry. A. the, 不填 B. 不填, the C. the, the D. 不填, 不填17.The warmth of sweater will of course be determined by the sort o

25、f wool used. A. the, the B. the, 不填 C. 不填, the D.不填, 不填18.Summers in south of France are for most part dry and sunny. A. 不填, a B. the, 不填 C. 不填, 不填 D. the, the (CCCBBD)19 A rough estimate, Nigeria is_ Great Britain. （05上海卷） ( D) A. three times the size as B. the size three times ofC. three times as

26、the size of D. three times the size of 20 He proved himself a true gentleman and the beauty of his _ was seen at its best when he worked with others. （05上海卷） (D)A. temper B. appearanceC. talent D. character 21 I am sure David will be able to find the library he has a pretty good _ of direction. （05浙

27、江卷）(D)Aidea BfeelingCexperience Dsense 22 Bill was doing a lot of physical exercise to build up his_. （05天津卷） (C)A. ability B. force C. strength D. mind 23My _ of this weekends activity is going out with some good friends. （05安徽卷） (A)A. idea B. opinion C. mind D. thought24The head office of the bank

28、 is in Beijing, but it has _ all over the country. （05遼寧卷） (B)AcompaniesBbranches CorganizationsDbusinesses 25 It took us quite a long time to get here. It was _ journey.（05北京春）（C）A. three-hour B. a three hour C. a three-hour D. three hours 26Students should be encouraged to use _ Internet as _ resource.（08山東） A. 不填；a B. 不填；the C. the; the D. the; a D the internet 表示一類(lèi)事物，a resource表示是資源的一種。EXERCISES 2 (改錯(cuò)，每句一個(gè)錯(cuò)）1. After one year hard work, the Senior Three students have already pre- pared themselves for the entr