定語從句講解

1、2021/6/20 1 (定語從句定語從句) 2021/6/20 2 1.定語：定語：定語用來限定、修飾名詞或代詞的，是對定語用來限定、修飾名詞或代詞的，是對 名詞或代詞起修飾、限定作用的詞、短語或句子，名詞或代詞起修飾、限定作用的詞、短語或句子， 漢語中常用漢語中常用的的表示。表示。 a clever boy The boiling water Fallen leaves The man who you are looking for 2.定語從句定語從句：修飾某一名詞或代詞的從句。：修飾某一名詞或代詞的從句。 .Do you know the man who came to see Xia

2、o Yang this morning? 2021/6/20 3 3.先行詞先行詞： 4.關(guān)系詞：關(guān)系詞： 關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系代詞that, which, who, whom, whose, as 關(guān)系副詞關(guān)系副詞where, when, why等。等。 關(guān)系詞常有關(guān)系詞常有3個作用：個作用： 1，引導(dǎo)定語從句。，引導(dǎo)定語從句。 2，代替先行詞。，代替先行詞。 3，在定語從句中擔(dān)當(dāng)一個成分。，在定語從句中擔(dān)當(dāng)一個成分。 被修飾的名詞或代詞叫被修飾的名詞或代詞叫先行詞先行詞； 引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞稱為關(guān)系詞，引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞稱為關(guān)系詞， 關(guān)系詞有關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞。關(guān)系詞有關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞。 2

3、021/6/20 4 找出定語從句，先行詞，關(guān)系詞及其在從句中充當(dāng)?shù)某煞?1.She is the old woman whom I saw this morning. 2. Mary is the girl whose parents work in Japan. 3. Is this the key which you are looking for? 4.October 1, 1949 is the day when New China was founded. 5.This is the house where the great man was born. 6. I dont kno

4、w the reason why she looks unhappy today. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 2021/6/20 5 5.限定性定語從句限定性定語從句：對先行詞起到修飾限制的作：對先行詞起到修飾限制的作 用，使該詞的含義更具體，更明確。這類從句不用，使該詞的含義更具體，更明確。這類從句不 能省掉，否則句子的意義就不完整。能省掉，否則句子的意義就不完整。 6.非限定性定語從句：非限定性定語從句：同主句的關(guān)系不十分密切，同主句的關(guān)系不十分密切， 只是對先行詞作附加或補(bǔ)充的說明，不起限制的作只是對先行詞作附加或補(bǔ)充的說明，不起限制的作 用，如果省去，主句的意思仍

5、然清楚完整。這類定用，如果省去，主句的意思仍然清楚完整。這類定 語從句在書寫時大多用逗號與主句分開。語從句在書寫時大多用逗號與主句分開。 Last week I met John, who seemed to be very excited. I was the only person in my office who was invited. 2021/6/20 6 A. that 指人指人/物，作主語或賓語物，作主語或賓語 1. A plane is a machine . It can fly . A plane is a machine that can fly. 2. He is t

6、he man . I told you about him . He is the man that I told you about. 關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系代詞: : 2021/6/20 7 B. which 指物，作主語或賓語指物，作主語或賓語 These are the trees which were planted last year. This recorder which he is using is made in Japan. These are some trees. They were planted last year. 關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系代詞: : This recorder is

7、 made in Japan. He is using it. 2021/6/20 8 關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系代詞: : C. who指人指人,作主語或賓語。作主語或賓語。 The man is our teacher.I talked with him. Wang Lin is our monitor. She is 16 years old. D. whom指人指人, ,作賓語。作賓語。 The man whom / who I nodded to is Mr. Li. The man to whom /who I nodded is Mr. Li. The man who I talked wit

8、h him is our teacher. Wang Lin who is 16 years old is our monitor. The man is Mr. Li. I nodded to him. 2021/6/20 9 whosewhose 在定語從句中作在定語從句中作定語，定語，表示引導(dǎo)詞表示引導(dǎo)詞 與與 whose whose 后的名詞為所屬關(guān)系。后的名詞為所屬關(guān)系。 whosewhose多指人，也可指物，指物時可與多指人，也可指物，指物時可與 of of whichwhich互換使用。互換使用。 This is the book .Its cover is blue.This

9、is the book .Its cover is blue. This is the girl. Her parents are doctors. This is the girl whose parents are doctors. This is the book whose/of which the cover is blue. 2021/6/20 10 三、關(guān)系代詞（who, whom, which, that, whose）的指代關(guān)系 指人指人指物指物主語主語(賓語賓語)定語定語 Who Whom Which that whose 2021/6/20 11 Eg:1.He is s

10、uch a man _ never tells a lie. 2. He is the model worker _we should learn from. 3. A dictionary is a book_ often helps us to know the meanings of the words. 4. This is the film _I like best. 5. The boy _father is a professor is one of my best friends. 6. The house _roof was blown away by the storm w

11、ill be rebuilt soon. who (whom/who) which/that (that/which) whose whose 2021/6/20 12 (which/ that) who/ that whose which/ that 7.I have a friend _ likes listening to the classical music. 8.Yesterday Emily was wearing the new dress _ I gave her. 9.The man _ leg broke in a match used to be a good foot

12、ball player. 10.Kate is reading a book _ is too difficult for her. 2021/6/20 13 只用只用that，不用，不用which 先行詞被先行詞被all, very, any, much, little, few, no等修飾等修飾 時時 序數(shù)詞序數(shù)詞或形容詞或形容詞最高級最高級修飾先行詞時；修飾先行詞時； 先行詞前有先行詞前有the only, the very, the same, the right等修等修 飾時；飾時； 4.all, little, much, few, none, everything, nothi

13、ng, something, anything 等等不定代詞不定代詞作先行詞；作先行詞； 5.先行詞既有人也有物先行詞既有人也有物 6.主句以主句以which, who, what開頭的疑問句開頭的疑問句 2021/6/20 14 只用只用which，不用，不用that 有機(jī)器的房間是車間。有機(jī)器的房間是車間。 The room _ there is a machine is a workshop. The room _ there is a machine in is a workshop. in which (which/ that) 一、非限制性定語從句一、非限制性定語從句 二、用在介詞

14、后二、用在介詞后 I have lost the pen, _ I like very much.which 2021/6/20 15 關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句 1.When 表示時間，其先行詞往往是表示時間的名詞表示時間，其先行詞往往是表示時間的名詞 （如（如time, day,hour,year等）等） From the time when he was little, he had known what he wanted to be when he grew up. 2.Where 表示地點(diǎn)，其先行詞往往是表示地點(diǎn)的表示地點(diǎn)，其先行詞往往是表示地點(diǎn)的 名詞（如名詞（

15、如place, room, house,street, area等）等） This is the place where my mother was born. 3.Why 表示原因，常用在先行詞表示原因，常用在先行詞reason的后面。的后面。 I dont know the reason why she looks unhappy today. 2021/6/20 16 比較：比較： I still remember the day _ I first came to Beijing. 先行詞先行詞 “the day” 在從句中做狀語在從句中做狀語, 表示時間表示時間: I first c

16、ame to Beijing on the day. (所以用關(guān)系副詞所以用關(guān)系副詞 when。) I still remember the day ( _ ) we spend together. 先行詞先行詞 “ the day” 在從句中做在從句中做spend賓語：賓語： We spend the day together. （所以在該句中用關(guān)系（所以在該句中用關(guān)系 代詞代詞which/that，并且可省略。），并且可省略。） 2021/6/20 17 2. This is the place _ we worked last year. 先行詞 “the place”在從句中做狀語，表

17、示地點(diǎn)： We worked in the place last year. ( 所以用關(guān)系副詞 where。) 比較比較：This is the place (_) we visited last year. 先行詞 “the place”在從句中做visited的賓語： We visited the place last year.( 所以用關(guān)系代詞 which/that,并且可省略。) u 先行詞在從句中做狀語，用先行詞在從句中做狀語，用 先行詞在從句中做賓語或主語，用先行詞在從句中做賓語或主語，用 關(guān)系副詞；關(guān)系副詞； 關(guān)系代詞；關(guān)系代詞； 2021/6/20 18 選擇適當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)系詞完

18、成句子選擇適當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)系詞完成句子 1.October 1,1949 was the day _the Peoples Republic of China was founded. 2.October 1, 1949 was the day_ he will never forget. (that/which) when 3.This is the house _I was born. where 4.This is the house_ windows are very clean. 5.This is the house _I love very much. 6.This is the hou

19、se _is very beautiful. whose (that/which) that/which 7.This is the reason _he was late.why 8.This is the reason _ he gave us. (that/which) 2021/6/20 19 關(guān)系副詞都等于一個適當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)系副詞都等于一個適當(dāng)?shù)?介詞介詞which， 在從句中作狀語在從句中作狀語 When=in/at/on/+which; Where=in/at/on/+which; Why=for /+which 1.Do you still remember the day when

20、(_ which) we went to visit the museum together? 2.This is the factory where(_ which)my father once worked. 3.This is the reason why(_ which) he was late. on in for 2021/6/20 20 1. I still remember the days _ I worked with the farmers. I still remember the days _ I spent with the farmers. A. which B.

21、 on which C. when D. what 2. We were on the way _ it began to rain. I dont like the way _ you speak to your parents. A. when B. that C. how D. which C A A B in which/ 2021/6/20 21 Ill never forget the days _ we worked together. Ill never forget the days _ we spent together. I went to the place _ I w

22、orked ten years ago. I went to the place _ I visited ten years ago. This is the reason _ he was late. This is the reason _ he gave. when/ in which (that/which) where /in which (which/ that) why /for which that/ which 及物動詞及物動詞 及物動詞及物動詞 及物動詞及物動詞 2021/6/20 22 1. This is the town _ I was born. This is t

23、he town _ _I visited last week. 2. I will never forget the day _ I came to school. I will never forget the day _ I spent with you. 3. This is the reason _ he was late. This is the reason _ he told me. where (Whic/that) when (Which/that) Why/for which (That/which) 2021/6/20 23 二二.非限制性定語從句非限制性定語從句 應(yīng)注意

24、以下幾點(diǎn)：應(yīng)注意以下幾點(diǎn)： 2021/6/20 24 1、 非限制性定語從句通常不非限制性定語從句通常不 能用能用that引導(dǎo)。引導(dǎo)。 如：如： 1). I like the book, which was bought yesterday. 我喜歡這本書，這是昨天買的。我喜歡這本書，這是昨天買的。 2.) I like the book which / that was bought yesterday. 我喜歡昨天買的那本書。我喜歡昨天買的那本書。 2021/6/20 25 2.在非限制性定語從句中，指人的關(guān)系代詞作賓 語時，只能用賓格whom; 不能用who替換，也不 能省 lDo yo

25、u know Tom, whom we talked about? lDo you know Tom (who/ whom) we talked about? 2021/6/20 26 4.Which可指前面整個句子。 lThe sun sends out light and heat, which makes it possible for living things to exist on the earth. His father is an engineer, _ makes him very proud. for what . which . that . what B 2021/6

26、/20 27 “介詞介詞+關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系代詞” 型定語從句考點(diǎn)型定語從句考點(diǎn) 2021/6/20 28 關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中作介詞賓語時，從句常常由關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中作介詞賓語時，從句常常由 “介詞介詞+ +關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系代詞”引出。引出。 注意：注意： 1若介詞放在關(guān)系代詞前，關(guān)系代詞指人時只若介詞放在關(guān)系代詞前，關(guān)系代詞指人時只 可用可用whom，不可用，不可用who, that；關(guān)系代詞指物；關(guān)系代詞指物 時只可用時只可用which，不可用，不可用that。關(guān)系代詞是所。關(guān)系代詞是所 有格時用有格時用whose。 2“介詞介詞+關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系代詞”前還可有前還可有some, any, non

27、e, all, both, neither, many, most, each, few等代詞或者數(shù)詞等代詞或者數(shù)詞 2021/6/20 29 Fill in the blanks with proper preps. This is the book _ which I spent 5 yuan. This is the book _ which I paid 5 yuan. This is the book _ which we can learn a lot. This is the book _ which we often talk. 1. This is the book _ wh

28、ich I wrote down many notes. on for from about in 2021/6/20 30 1.In the dark street, there wasnt a single person _ she could turn for help.(NMET92) A. to whom B.who C.from whom D. that A 2.His glasses, _ he was like a blind man , fell to the ground and broke. A with which B. which C through which D.

29、 without which D 3.The plane _ I came to London has flown 10,000 miles . A. in it B. in which C. by which D. where B 2021/6/20 31 AS引導(dǎo)的 定語從句 2021/6/20 32 as引導(dǎo)限定性定語從句，引導(dǎo)限定性定語從句， 習(xí)慣上用于下列詞組：習(xí)慣上用于下列詞組： the same.as such .as as . as， soas， 在從句中作主語或賓語。在從句中作主語或賓語。 1.Such people as you describe are rare nowa

30、days. 2.Lets discuss only such questions as concern every one of us. 3.Would you please buy me the same novel as you bought for brother yesterday, Mum? 2021/6/20 33 las we have seen, las is known to all, las anybody can see, las was expected, las you know, las we can imagine, las has been pointed out As 用于非限制性定語從句，常見以下句型 2021/6/20 34 選擇最佳答案。 1. Can you think of anyone _ could look after him a bit for the next few