中考閱讀理解之主旨大意解題技巧

1、中考閱讀理解之主旨大意 解題技巧 Step Two: How to Dealing with the Problems on Reading Comprehension 一、主旨大意題一、主旨大意題 （做題要領(lǐng)） 1. 干擾項(xiàng)干擾項(xiàng) 可能屬文中某個(gè)具體事實(shí)或細(xì)節(jié)?？赡軐傥闹心硞€(gè)具體事實(shí)或細(xì)節(jié)。 2. 干擾項(xiàng)干擾項(xiàng) 可能屬?gòu)奈闹心承┛赡軐購(gòu)奈闹心承?(不完全的不完全的) 事事 實(shí)或細(xì)節(jié)片面推出的錯(cuò)誤結(jié)論。實(shí)或細(xì)節(jié)片面推出的錯(cuò)誤結(jié)論。 3. 干擾項(xiàng)干擾項(xiàng) 可能屬非文章事實(shí)的主觀臆斷?？赡軐俜俏恼率聦?shí)的主觀臆斷。 (正確答案正確答案) 是根據(jù)文章意思全面是根據(jù)文章意思全面 理解而歸納概括出來(lái)的；但不

2、能太籠統(tǒng)、理解而歸納概括出來(lái)的；但不能太籠統(tǒng)、 言過(guò)其實(shí)或以偏概全。言過(guò)其實(shí)或以偏概全。 1.What does the writer mainly tell us? 2.This is a passage about 3.Which of the following best expresses the main idea? 4.Which is the subject discussed in the text? 5.The writer wrote the passage in order to 6.Whats the best title for this passage? 主旨大意題

3、主旨大意題的常見(jiàn)的提問(wèn)形式的常見(jiàn)的提問(wèn)形式: 技巧解析技巧解析：主旨大意題主要考：主旨大意題主要考 查對(duì)文章主題或中心思想的領(lǐng)查對(duì)文章主題或中心思想的領(lǐng) 會(huì)和理解能力。尋找主題句往會(huì)和理解能力。尋找主題句往 往是做好此類題的關(guān)鍵。因此，往是做好此類題的關(guān)鍵。因此， 在做題時(shí)，要注意每段的主題在做題時(shí)，要注意每段的主題 句。抓住主題句，就不難確定句。抓住主題句，就不難確定 文章的中心思想。文章的中心思想。 尋找主題句的方法： 1.認(rèn)真閱讀文章的首尾段或每段的首尾句 子。 2.文章的主題作者往往有意識(shí)地反復(fù)論述。 抓住反復(fù)出現(xiàn)的中心詞，即高頻詞，也叫 做主題詞。 Example : There a

4、re many different ways to travel to Paris from London. One of the quickest and most popular ways is by train. From Waterloo Railway Station, you can travel all the way to Paris. The journey takes about three hours. The train, called the Eurostar, is very modern, and the seats are comfortable. You ca

5、n also travel to France by ship. Another way to travel to Paris is by plane. 80. The passage mainly tells us about_. A. different ways traveling from London to Paris B. international flights from London to Paris C. buses stopping at Ferry Terminal Seven in Dover 主題句出現(xiàn)在段首：主題句出現(xiàn)在段首： 在議論文和說(shuō)明文中，一個(gè)主題句常常是

6、一個(gè) 段落的開(kāi)頭，其后的句子則是論證或說(shuō)明細(xì)節(jié)。 Every 30 seconds there is an earthquake. But dont worry because most are so weak that they cannot be. felt. Only a few big ones hurt people. Many earthquakes happened in China, such as the big one in Sichuan last month. Thousands of people died in it. So its important to kno

7、w what to do when one hits. Here are some tips on how to stay safe in an earthquake. 1. If you are indoors during an earthquake, hide (躲藏) under a desk. Stay away from windows and anything that could fall on you. 69. The best title of this passage is _. A. How dangerous the earthquake is B. How to b

8、e safe during an earthquake C. Dont be afraid of the earthquake 主題句也可能出現(xiàn)在段尾：主題句也可能出現(xiàn)在段尾： 作者先擺出事實(shí)依據(jù)，或者提出問(wèn)題，然 后層層推進(jìn)，提出解決方法，然后后文再進(jìn)一 步詳述。本段的中心思想在結(jié)尾句得到體現(xiàn)， 是全文的主題句，下文按照主題句進(jìn)行展開(kāi) Weve talked about snails (蝸牛) and their slow move. But much of the time snails dont move at all. They are in their shells (殼) slee

9、ping. Hot sun will dry out a snails body. So at the least sign of hot sun, a snail draws its body into his shell. A snail will die in a heavy rain. So when it rains, a snail does the same thing, too. A snail can sleep for as long as it needs to. It spends all the winter months in its shell, asleep.

10、In the spring the snail wakes up. Its body, about three inches long, comes out from the shell. When hungry, the snail looks for food. Its eyes, at the end of the top feelers (觸角), are very weak. But its sense (感覺(jué)) of smell is very strong. It helps the snail to find food and the new greens. A snails

11、mouth is no bigger than the point of a pin (大頭針). Yet it has 256,000 teeth! The teeth are very small, and you cant see them. If you put a snail in a hard paper box, it will eat its way out! And if a snail wears out its teeth, it will grow new ones. 文章的主題也可能以高頻詞的形式出現(xiàn)。文章的主題也可能以高頻詞的形式出現(xiàn)。本文并沒(méi)有出現(xiàn)明確的主題句，但

12、 細(xì)看之下會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)，文章中“snail”這個(gè)詞出現(xiàn)的頻率高達(dá)13次，是整篇文章 中出現(xiàn)頻率最高的詞匯。snail既是文章說(shuō)明的對(duì)象，又是文章的主題。 閱讀理解基礎(chǔ)訓(xùn)練閱讀理解基礎(chǔ)訓(xùn)練 Basic Training -主旨大意題主旨大意題 In spite of the fact that cars from Germany and Japan are flooding the American market, Ford, General Motors and Chrysler are employing more workers than ever before. The flood of ch

13、eaper for-eign cars has not cast American autoworkers their jobs as some experts predicted. Ford operates as far as Asia, and General Motors is considered Australians biggest employer. Yet General Motors has its huge American work force and employs hundreds of people every day to meet the needs of a

14、n insatiable(不能滿不能滿 足的）足的）society. Which of the following statements best expresses the main idea of the paragraph A. GM is one of the largest car producers. B. Ford operates not only in the U.S.A., but also in Asia. C. The foreign cars have not taken away the jobs of American autoworkers. D. The fl

15、ood of the cheaper foreign cars is terrible for American autoworkers. A In every little girls toy box, there might be a Barbie Doll. Barbie is 50 years old this year. It was designed in 1959 by an American businesswoman named Ruth Handler. She and her husband Elliott started the toy company Mattel.

16、She named the new doll after their daughter Barbara. The first Barbie Doll appeared at the toy fair (交易會(huì)) New York on March 9th, 1959. This date is used as Barbies birthday. Mattel sold three hundred thousand Barbie Dolls in the first year at a price of three dollars. Today, a fifty-year-old Barbie

17、in good condition might cost more than twenty-seven thousand dollars. Mattel says 90% of the girls in the United States aged from three to ten own at least one Barbie Doll. And girls aged three to six own an average (平均) of about twelve. When Mattel created Barbie Dolls half a century ago, they neve

18、r thought this doll would become a legend. Now Barbie Dolls are famous all over the world. They are sold in one hundred and fifty countries, and every second three Barbie Dolls are sold around the world. 65. Whats the best title of the passage? A. Barbies birthday B. Barbie Dolls C. A lovely girl na

19、med Barbie D. Why are Barbies popular B School life should be some of the best and happiest days of our lives. We shouldnt waste this wonderful time. Dont say things are difficult and boring. Dont be too disappointed if things sometimes go badly. Dont let small problems seem very big. Be confident,

20、go and play sports, work on a project, or help someone with problems. There are always a lot of things to do to relax yourself and make you happy. 60. What can we learn from the passage? A. How to get high scores. B. How to be relaxed and happy. C. How to make friends with foreigners. 1.At East Chin

21、a University of Science and Technology, students will get a coupon (優(yōu)惠券) if they eat up their food. 2.Students can collect coupons and exchange them for small gifts, such as books, magazines, mobile phone covers and hand warmers. Its been such a surprise, . 3.The measure is part of a national eat-up

22、 campaign(行動(dòng)) . 4. Why only on campuses, you might ask? . 5.The campaign . 6.The aim of the . 7. But some school food is poorly prepared, so students do not like to finish it all. . 8. “Im glad that weve reduced food waste since the eat-up campaign began. But if we call on students to waste less foo

23、d, we should also improve the service and food standard on campuses.” 【2013福州】 70. The best title for this passage may be _. A. Enjoy Your Food! B. Reduce Waste on Campus C. Meals in Universities. D. Eat-up Campaign on Campus 1. In nature, you may see many insects (昆蟲(chóng)）and animals of different colors

24、. Have you ever wondered why? 2. Locusts are super delicious food for birds,but it is not always an easy job for birds to catch them. 3. Brown bears,tigers and other animals move quietly through forests. 4. However, insects with colors different from plants can easily be found and eaten by others. S

25、o in order to survive, they have to hide themselves in the daytime and appear only at night.【2013廣東】 65. What is the main ides of this passage? A. Some insects and animals have different skills. B. Some insects and animals are clever than we think. C. Some insects and animals use colors to protect t

26、hemselves. D. Some insects and animals can get used to the environment easily. 1.The Vieira family moved to the United States in 1981. At that time, they decided to stop speaking Spanish at home and only communicate in English. This was because they were now living in an English-speaking country. 2.

27、 Now the Vieira children are adults, and they sometimes travel to Spain to visit their family and friends. . 3.One advantage of speaking more than one language is that you can communicate directly with more people around the world. . 4.Furthermore, speaking a second language also allows people to ex

28、perience other cultures and customs more effectively. . 5.Finally, having more multi-language speakers improves relationships between countries. . 6. The benefits of knowing more than one language are clear. In fact, there are no disadvantages. It is very sad that many people dont try to learn anoth

29、er language. It is even worse when people let themselves forget their mother language and become silenced. 56. What is the passage mainly about? A. The benefits of learning other languages. B. The reasons why people come to America. C. The importance of learning English. D. How to learn another lang

30、uage. Reading is a good hobby for all kinds of reasons. First, reading is fun. You can always keep yourself happy if like reading. You will never feel bored or tired. Next, you can read a book anywhere- in a car, on a plane, or even in the bathroom. All you need is a book! Another good reason for re

31、ading is that it is useful. . Some people say that reading is out of date (過(guò)時(shí)的). . Good readers may become writers, too. They always have more things to write about. . Reading is a wonderful hobby. Why not start reading right now? 【2012北京】 85. What does the passage mainly tell us? A. Reading is a go

32、od hobby. B. You can read on computers. C. Good readers must be good writers. Have you ever beard of Iceland? Iceland is a country, one-tenth of which is covered with ice. However, it is said that Iceland is the land of heat. Smoking volcanoes (火山), white steam (蒸汽) and hot springs are more amazing

33、than the other sights including ice there. It has taken millions of years for volcanoes and lava flows (熔巖流 ) to build Iceland. . Like steam vents, hot springs can be seen here and there in the ancient lava fields Iceland is one of the few places on the Earth where active volcanoes lie below ice. He

34、at from the volcanoes creates a strange and wild beauty. Therefore, some people believe that its better to call the country “Heatland” instead of Iceland. If you have a chance to travel there, take it. 【2013哈爾濱】 () 50. The best title for this passage should be . A. THE HISTORY OF ICELAND B. THE HOT

35、SPRING OF BLUE LAKE C. THE HEAT IN ICELAND 1.In the 1920s and 30s the airlines were just beginning. It was unusual for people to travel by air because it was expensive and dangerous. In those days, there were no flight attendants to look after the passengers. Young men ,or “stewards” helped the pass

36、engers onto the airplane and carried the passengers luggage(行李)but they did not provide food and drinks. But then in 1930,a woman called Ellen Church invented the “stewardess”. 2.Ellen Church was born in 1904 on a farm in Iowa. . 3.Ellen was twenty-five years old when she first got in touch with Boe

37、ing Air Transport. She loved 4.The young woman from Iowa and seven other nurses became the first air stewardesses. 5.At first pilots were unhappy because they did not want stewardesses on airplanes, but passengers loved the stewardesses. . In the 1970s, stewardesses were unhappy in their job and air

38、lines had to make some changes. Since the 1970s, “stewardesses” have been called flight attendants. They are well paid and work fewer hours than in the past.【2013杭州】 55.( )The passage mainly talks about _. A. the background of early flying pilots B. the experience of flying passengers C. the history

39、 of early flight attendants D. the development of airplanes 1. It is true that people with better education are usually able to get better paying jobs. In other words, they have more chances to choose a good job while people with little or no education dont. It seems that the purpose of education is

40、 to make people get jobs. But this isnt accepted by all people. 2.Some people may think that a person should spend the best years of his life to get education only for a way of living. 3. Education is well-rounded and it is mainly for improving a man. 4.I would agree that making a good living is an

41、important reason for education, but certainly not the most important or the main reason. 70. The passage mainly tells us that _. A. education should make a man improve B. people can get education in a short time C. people should be able to get better paying jobs D. all subjects are so important for

42、a way of living 1.Jessie felt her life so boring one summer day. She was tired of watching TV, she read all her books, and her friends were on vacation. She wanted something different to do. Suddenly, she saw the lawn mower(割草機(jī)) sitting in the yard. 2.“Mom,” she shouted, “I think I will mow the lawn

43、.” Her mom ran into the yard and said, “Oh no, you dont. Youre too young to mow the law.”. 3.Later that day, Dad came home and said to Jessies mom, “You didnt have to mow the lawn. . 4.The neighbor next door came by and asked Jessie if she wanted to mow his lawn and make some money. “Sure!” said Jes

44、sie. Jessie began mowing his lawn. Two other neighbors asked so, then another three. Jessie was now mowing lawns for them all and making some money. She was no longer bored! “I wont have time to spend my money,” she laughed to herself.【2013河南】 ( ) 50. What does the text mainly tell us? A. Neighbors

45、should learn to help each other. B. Mowing the lawn is a good way to make money. C. Doing something helpful can make people happy. D. Children should help their parents at an early age. 1.Cause and effect is one way to explain things that happen around us. Many things happen because something caused

46、 or influenced them to happen. Sometimes it is hard to look at a cause and find out what caused or influenced them to happen. Sometimes it is hard to look at a cause and find out what causes the effect. It may help you to start with the effect and use your reasoning(推理的) skills. Think about all the

47、things you know that could be reasons for the effect you can see. 2.For example, you may see someone putting on a heavy jacket. 3.Now, think about a second example. 4.Here is another example for you to think about its cause and effect. Cait, 13, was trying to fall asleep when her 8-year-old brother,

48、 Doug, came into her room. He looked around a bit, but seemed really out of it. Then Doug went back into the hallway and stood there looking straight up at the hall light for quite a while. Little brothers can be very strange, but this was really much too strange. Caits father appeared and explained

49、 that Doug was sleepwalking. Whats the cause end effect, could you tell? ( ) 55. What is the best title for the next? A. Truth and lies B. Work and sleep C. Cause and effect D. Life and dreams 【2013河南中考】 1.Nathan Sawayas childhood was a lot of fun. He drew cartoons, wrote stories, and played with pl

50、astic toy bricks (積 木). His grandparents bought his first set of toy bricks when he was five years old and hes been building with toy bricks ever since. He even took his building bricks to college with him! Instead of books and a computer, he had a model of Greenwich Village made of bricks on his de

51、sk. 2.Nathan started as a lawyer but gave up His highly-paid ( 高薪的) job to become an artist that uses toys in his art. 3. Nathans work has appeared in museums around the world. . 4. Im proud that I took a dream I had as a child, to become an artist, and I have actually made a job out of it, says Nat

52、han. To do what you love in life is the most important thing. 72. What would be the best title for the passage? A. The Brick Artist B. The Brick Exhibition C. Toy Bricks for Adults D. The Artists Childhood 【2013江西】 1.Should we be afraid of sharks? Maybe not. New research into the reasons for shark a

53、ttacks (攻擊) suggests that sharks dont like the way humans taste! In fact, most people who are attacked by the shark are still alive after receiving only one bite (咬). Why is this? 2. There are many opinions to explain why sharks sometimes attack people. 3. Scientists also say that sharks would not w

54、aste energy trying to eat a human, as we have a lot of bones (骨頭) 4.Another opinion is that sharks attack humans by mistake. Some sharks may sometimes mistake humans for a seal. 5.Whatever the reason for shark attacks on humans, sharks should be afraid of us. Sadly, we kill almost 40 million of them

55、 each year. 76. What would the author write the passage mainly for?【2013江西】 A. To tell surfers to stay away from sharks. B. To ask people to stop killing sharks. C. To let us know the reasons for shark attacks on people. D. To show that humans are much stronger than sharks. 1.Will you be excited whe

56、n you finally get to relax? 2. What will the Junior 3 students do to celebrate after the senior high school entrance exams in June? 3.My friends and I will travel to Beijing and the Shanghai Expo right after the exam. 4. What am I going to do this summer? 5.I will, no doubt, play computer games for

57、days after the big exam. My mother never let me during the past few years. I cant imagine how exciting it will be now. Also my friends and I will go to see the Shanghai Expo. The first must-see on my list is the Liaoning Pavilion, our home pavilion. Im curious ( 好奇的) about what we are showing to the

58、 world there. 55. What is the best title for this passage? A. A Plan To The Shanghai Expo B. Summer fun ahead! C. A trip To Shanghai D. The Big Exam 【2013三亞】 1.Different weather makes people feel different. It influences health, intelligence(智力) and feelings. 2.In August, it is very hot and wet in t

59、he southern part of the United States. 3.The weather can also influence intelligence. 4.Weather also has a strong influence on peoples feelings. . 5.Low air pressure(氣壓) may make people forgetful(健 忘). People leave more bags on buses and in shops on low- pressure days. People feel best at a temperat

60、ure of about 18. 6.Are you feeling sad, tired, forgetful, or unhappy today? It may be the weathers problem. 65.Which is the best title(標(biāo)題) for this passage？ A. Hot Weather Causes Health Problems B. Different Weather Makes People Feel Bad C. Weather Influences Feelings D. Weather Influences Health, I