高三二輪：短文改錯解題技巧講解與訓(xùn)練

1、2018高三二輪：短文改錯解題技巧講解與訓(xùn)練高考英語短文改錯解題技巧短文改錯口訣動詞形，名詞數(shù)，還要注意形和副；非謂語，細(xì)辨別，習(xí)慣用法要記?。痪渥映煞侄喾治?，邏輯錯誤須關(guān)注；冠詞連詞常光顧詳解：一、動詞形：主要包括兩類錯誤：動詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài)錯誤，以及主、謂不一致的錯誤。動詞形常見錯誤：1） 一般過去時與一般 現(xiàn)在時錯用。2）第三人稱單數(shù)形式錯用。 第三人稱單數(shù)：Is/was2） and，but,or,also 前后動詞時態(tài)不一致。(具有對稱性） 4） 主謂不一致。5） 缺少謂語動詞 1.主謂賓結(jié)構(gòu) 缺少be動詞2、主系表結(jié)構(gòu)（am/is/are/was/were）6） 主動語態(tài)與被動語態(tài)錯用

2、 wash-is washed7）Used to 的運(yùn)用錯誤 例如：My favorite sport are football. (is)Now my picture and prize is hanging in the library. (are)二、名詞數(shù)：指名詞單、復(fù)數(shù)形式的用法錯誤。常表現(xiàn)為將名詞復(fù)數(shù)寫成單數(shù)。改正方法：）根據(jù)名詞前的修飾限定成份）根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系例如：so that Ill get good marks in all my subject. (subjects)3、 還要注意形和副：注意形容詞和副詞在句子中的作用和具體用法。這也是高考短文改錯題的?？键c(diǎn)。命題特

3、點(diǎn)及改正方法：主要考查形容詞和副詞的誤用、形容詞及副詞的比較級等。根據(jù)adj或adv的基本用法確定錯誤；修飾系動詞(am/is/are/was/were)或名詞用形容詞；修飾行為動詞、形容詞、過去分詞及整個句子用副詞。例如：Im sure well have a wonderfully time together. (wonderful) Unfortunate, there are too many people in my family. (Unfortunately)4、 非謂語，細(xì)辨別：這是考查最多的錯誤形式之一。主要有現(xiàn)在分詞、過去分詞，動名詞和不定式錯誤。1）不定式to do2）動

4、名詞doing作主語、賓語3）and 連接的不定式或動名詞前后一致（尤其距離較遠(yuǎn)時） 4）現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞的區(qū)別等例如：in my spare time, but now I am interesting in football. (interested)Play football not only makes us grow up tall and strong but also (playing)My parents love me and will do all they can make sure (to)5、 習(xí)慣用法要記住：主要考查習(xí)慣搭配方面的基礎(chǔ)知識，其錯誤表現(xiàn)形式主要有三種

5、：多詞、少詞和搭配錯誤。 例如：It was very kind for them to meet me at the railway station and (of)We must keep in mind that we play for the team instead ourselves. (of)6、 句子成分多分析：不同的句子成分要用不同的詞類；不同的語境要選擇不同的詞語。只有對句子結(jié)構(gòu)和成分作細(xì)致的分析，才能找出用詞不當(dāng)?shù)腻e誤。例如：They eager to know everything about China and (were)I live in Beijing, whe

6、re is the capital of China. (which)七、邏輯錯誤須關(guān)注：與句子的上、下文不一致，甚至相矛盾，屬于邏輯性錯誤，如稱謂上的張冠李戴。例如：The Smiths did his best to make me feel at home. (their) no way of setting the matter except by selling the set. Now someone at home reads instead. (everyone)八、冠詞連詞常光顧：?？嫉腻e誤形式有：連詞but， and， or和so的用法錯誤，以及冠詞的用法錯誤等。四不改:標(biāo)

7、點(diǎn)符號不改。大小寫不改。詞序錯誤不改（不是不改，而是按錯詞或少詞來改)。在綱外生詞不改。文中出現(xiàn)帶漢語注釋的詞，在句中不可能用錯短文改錯具體考點(diǎn)詳解考點(diǎn)1.名詞命題特點(diǎn):本來用復(fù)數(shù),卻用單數(shù).改正方法:(1)根據(jù)名詞前的修飾限定成份;(2)根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系. 詳解：1.She said that she and my schoolmate all wished me success.2. After class we become stranger at once.3. They want me to devote all my time to my studies so that Ill

8、 get marks in all my subject.4. On the way up I was busy taking picture since the scenery was so beautiful.5. There are advantage for students to work while studying at school.6. He had no ideas that the kitchen was not for guests.7. I looked at his other hands. 考點(diǎn)2.代詞命題特點(diǎn)：1.女性代詞指代男性或相反；2.單數(shù)指代復(fù)數(shù)；3.代

9、詞詞性誤用。改正方法：聯(lián)系上下文的邏輯關(guān)系。代詞的錯誤特點(diǎn)：1.人稱代詞的偷換錯誤 2. 缺少人稱代詞的錯誤3. 人稱代詞數(shù)的一致問題4. 人稱代詞格的一致問題詳解：8.The Smiths did his best to make me feel at home.9.I have a good friend whos name is Liu Mei. 10.It was about noon when we arrived at the foot of the mountain. The three of them were very excited. 11.Soon I began to

10、enjoy talking to myself on paper as Iwas learning to express me in simple English . 12.One day I wrote a little story and showed to my teacher . 13.Some students may also save up for our college or future use .14.I took it in me and we walked. 考點(diǎn)3.介詞命題特點(diǎn)及改正方法：介詞涉及搭配錯誤，因此可從以下方面確定錯誤：1）介詞的基本用法；2）習(xí)慣搭配；3

11、）動詞詞類確定錯誤，如talk, serve, wait等。介詞的錯誤：介詞短語常?？迹潭ù钆湟浝?。介詞后邊跟賓語，結(jié)合語境細(xì)推敲。詳解：15.We do not seem to get much time to talk about together.16.I was so tired that I fell asleep at the moment my head touched the pillow.17.The main problem was in that I always thought in Chinese and tried to translate anything i

12、nto English.18.Well talk with our plan for the weekend over dinner.19.I am writing to thank you with your kind help. 20.He was looking for a glass the cupboard. 21.Each these lines stands for a trouble in my life.考點(diǎn)4時態(tài)命題特點(diǎn)及改正方法：現(xiàn)在時與過去時的誤用，句中一般沒有時間狀語。每年都考。要注意聯(lián)系上下文，著眼于整個語篇的時態(tài)。通常整篇都是過去，突然一個句子用現(xiàn)在時。其中又以一

13、般現(xiàn)在時和過去時互改為多。詳解：22.They did not want me to do any work at home; they want me to devote all my time to my studies so that-23.The time passes quickly. Evening came.24.She liked it very much and reads it to the class.25.I dont know that they dont like to talk with me.Sometimes, we talked to each other

14、very well in class.26.I will write again and send you the photos we take together.27.We had guests last night who have not stayed in a B&B hotel ago.考點(diǎn)5.andbutor誤用及前后不一致命題特點(diǎn)：主要考查and、or、but、so等并列連詞的誤用。 However與although/though不能同時出現(xiàn)改正方法；1）根據(jù)句意確定誤；2）根據(jù)句子的邏輯關(guān)系確定錯誤。詳解：28. She is smiling at me but nodding

15、 at me.29.It looks as if my parents treat me as a visitor and a guest.30.The food was expensive and the service was good.31.I came into the living room and saw one of them jus tgo through the kitchen door but turn on the light.32.We fed monkeys, visiting temples and told stories.33.She liked it very

16、 much and reads it to the class.考點(diǎn)6.從句連詞命題特點(diǎn)及改正方法：句子結(jié)構(gòu)方面的錯誤主要涉及句子成份和復(fù)合句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞等。解答這類題從以下方面來思考：1）句子結(jié)構(gòu)是否完整，成份是否冗缺；2）復(fù)合句中從句的關(guān)系詞或引導(dǎo)詞的運(yùn)用是否得當(dāng)?shù)取Ｆ叫薪Y(jié)構(gòu)常使用等立連詞and,but, or或連詞詞組not onlybut also, eitheror,neithernor遵循就近原則。主語+With,together with,as well as,besides，動詞與主語一致and，but,or,also 前后動詞時態(tài)不一致。(具有對稱性） 詳解：34.It was

17、about noon we arrived at the foot of the mountain. 35.I dont know that they dont like to talk with me.36.The main problem was in that I always thought in Chinese and tried to translate everything into English.37.What things are in other homes, I wonder.38.Earning their own money allows them to spend

18、 on anything as if they please.39.They did not want breakfast because that they were going out early in the morning.考點(diǎn)7.冠詞命題特點(diǎn)及改正方法：英語中冠詞只有三個，只能從以下幾個方向出題：1）不定冠詞a和an互改；2）不定冠詞a或an和定冠詞the互改；3）根據(jù)需要增刪冠詞。詳解：40.As everyone knows, its famous mountain with all kinds of plants and animals. 41.We may be one fa

19、mily and live under a same roof, but-42.On Thursday I will have to decide what I want to doover a weekend.43.I hope youve had pleasant journey home 考點(diǎn)8.形容詞和副詞命題特點(diǎn)及改正方法：主要考查形容詞和副詞的誤用、形容詞及副詞的比較級等。1）根據(jù)adj.或adv.的基本用法確定錯誤；2）修飾連系動詞或名詞用形容詞；3）修飾行為動詞、形容詞、過去分詞及整個句子用副詞。詳解：44.I would describe myself as shy and

20、quietly.45.There have been reports in America about people trying to steal person information for bad purposes.46.Finding information on the Net is easily.47.So what I learned from the job was much more important as what I earned.48.My pronunciation was terribly .49.They came back lately and had som

21、e tea.考點(diǎn)9.非謂語動詞命題特點(diǎn)改正方法：1）謂語動詞和非謂語動詞的錯用；2）動詞不定式和動名詞的錯用；3）現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞的錯用等。詳解：50.Earning their own money allow them to spend on anything as they please.51.My parents will do all they can make sure that I get a good education. 52.Soon I began to enjoy talk to myself on paper as I was learning to express

22、myself in simple English. 53.We fed monkeys, visiting temples and told stories. 54.Some students may also to save up for our college or future use.答案1（schoolmate改為schoolmates）2（stranger改為strangers）3（subject改為subjects）4（picture改為pictures）5（advantage改為advantages）6（ideas改為idea）7（hands改為hand）8(his改為thei

23、r) 9( whos改為whose)10（them改為us）11（me改為myself）12（showed后加it）13（our改為their）14（me改為mine）15去掉about）16. （去掉at）17（去掉was后的in）18（with改為about）19（with改為for）20（glass后加in）21（each后加of）22（did改為do）23（passes改為passed）24（reads改為read）25（talked改為talk）26. （take改為took）27. （have改為had）28.（but改為and）29. （and改為or）30（and改為but）3

24、1（but改為and）32（visiting改為visited）33（reads改為read）34（noon后加when）35（that改為why）36（去掉that前的in）37（What改為How）38（去掉if）39（去掉that）40（famous前加a）41（a改為the）42（a改為the）43（had后加a）44（quietly改為quiet）45（person改為personal）46（easily改為easy）47（as改為than）48（terribly改為terrible）49（lately改為late）50（allow改為allows）51（make前加to）52（ta

25、lk改為talking）53（visiting改為visited）54（去掉to）英語短文改錯典型練習(xí)(一)When I walked into the classroom, the teacher was handing in the tests.I was feeling very nervous. I had studiedat all at the weekend as I had thought it would be easy test.I went through the test for many timesbut I could only answerthree out fr

26、om the twenty questions. I did not want to fail the exam. Then, I put my book under my desk, opening itand started looking for the answer. The teacher wasntlooking at me, but I copied something.Suddenly, I felt a handon my shoulder! The teacher caught me cheating. I dont know what to say. Luckily, t

27、he teacher did not punish forcheating but instead gave me a second chance.（二）I have a good friend whos name is Liu Mei. She is ourmonitor and one of the excellent students in our class.Clever as she is, but she words very hard.We have alot on common and have a lot to talk .One evening shetold me tha

28、t something happened when her parents was out. She was doing her homeworksone Sunday morning whenshe smelt something burning. She stopped look out of the window and find a cloud of smoke coming out of her neighbors house .She called 119 immediate. Ten minutes later, the firemen came and put out fire

29、.Her neighborwas very thankful for her help.（三）I often dream ofa teacher, I dream of standing on the platform in the classroom and give lessons to lovely boys and girls . I teach them, play with them, but watch them growing up. I am always young when I was staying with them. I know there is not easy

30、 to be a teacher. Youhave to learn in order to teach. Without enough knowledges, you can never learn well .What is more , you have to be friends with your pupils andtake good care of him.Only in this way can you be good teacher and win respect from them. Though I am a student now, I will work as ver

31、y hard to make my dream come true.（四）It is a pleasure for me to write this letter to tell how muchI enjoyed my stay in your whole family last week. This was my first visit to a English family.At first, I was worried about mypoor English. And when I saw your wife and children waiting for me with warm

32、 smile of welcome on their faces.I immediately knew that everything would be all right. There are many more happy memories of the week that I will keep them with me forever. I particularly enjoyed driving through the countryside with you and saw thechanging colorsof the leaves on the trees. I also l

33、ike thefishing trip. It was such much fun.（五）I still remember my middle school life in Tianjin yet. I was then in a school for students from Tibet. As we were all left home at early age, we met lots of problems in our daily life. Wehad to do the washing, cleaning and shopping by us. However, we seld

34、om felt lonely or helplessly. We enjoyed our happy life. At weekends,we would play basketball, swimming in the pool, or go for a picnic. We were living in a big family. We treat each other as brothers and sisters. If any one of you had anydifficulty in our life and study, the other would help him ou

35、t. It has been five years when we graduated,but those memoriesare as sweet as ever before.（六）During the summer of 2001, I started read books in English, mostly stories.I would learn a lot of newwords from these books, but I had terribly problems memorizing them. I had to look up to the same word man

36、y times, for which was quite troublesome. I realizedI do need a way to remember all this vocabulary.It wasa great achievement for myself. I started writing down words from books that I read. I would come back fromschool, and then sit for an hour and two.I wrote down new words and added it to my coll

37、ection. By the end of last year,my collection has grown to 3,000 words.（七）This is a story told by my father: “When I was boy,the most exciting thing was when to celebrate the Spring Festival. My grandma was the best cooker in the worldbut could make the most delicious dishes. One time, I justcouldnt

38、 wait for the Spring Festival dinner. As I wasabout take a piece from a cookedduck, I saw Grandma in the kitchen looking at me. Shake her head, she said,Itisnt a good time to do that, dear. At once I apologizeand controlled me at my best till the dinner started. You know, that was a dinner we had wa

39、ited for several month.”（八）There are advantage for students to work whilestudy at school. One of them was thatthey can earn money. For the most part,students working to earn money for their ownuse. Earning their own money allow themto spend on anything as if they please.They would have to ask their

40、parents for money or for permission to do things bythe money. Some students may also to save up for our college or future use.（九）Dear Mr. Brown ,I am writing to thank you with your kind help.Before you came to teach us, I had not interest inEnglish. My pronunciation was terribly. I could only speak

41、a few words. But one and a half year later.I now think English fun to learn. I got a lot of from yourencouraging words. I will always remember what yousaid, “If you try to ,you can be No. 1!” I hope youve had pleasant journey home and will come to Chinaagain sometimes in the future. I will write aga

42、inand send you the photos we take together.Yours sincerely, Li Min（十）Dear friends,It is real a good chance to have met all of you here.We have spent several precious weekend in learning in theEnglish Club. Although we have been member for a shortperiod of time, we have made a great progress. That is

43、 because we are all very much active and the activities are not only enjoyable and also helpful, Besides, the foreign teachers here work hard and try his best to make the activities lively and interested. I am very pleased to say that all of us greatly improved our spoken English so far. I am looking forward to see all of you again in the near future!Thank you.專練答案（一）第一行：in改為out 第二行