英漢翻譯課件-英漢語言對比

1、英漢語言對比英漢語言對比 1 主語與主題 中國傳統(tǒng)哲學(xué)主張“天人合一”、“萬物與我為 一”，反映在語言上就是在句子構(gòu)造中，漢語并不 把主語看成必要的成分，漢語是主題顯著(topic-(topic- prominent)prominent)的語言 英語是主語顯著（subject-prominet)subject-prominet)的語言 Practice 1.I would not believe what he said. 他的話，我可不信。 2.I did not remember a single point discussed at the meeting. 會上講了什么，我一點沒記住。

2、 3.I know Mr. Wang. 王先生我認(rèn)識。 4.He is the best singer. 唱歌，他是最棒的。 2 形合與意合 英語沿襲了古代希臘人非常嚴(yán)格和規(guī)范的語 詞系統(tǒng)，依靠句法手段（Syntactic devices）、詞匯手段（Lexical equivalence） 連接成為形合（hypotaxis）語言 漢語語法意義和邏輯關(guān)系常隱藏在字里行間。 依靠語義手段（Semantic connection）連接 成為意合（parataxis）語言 comparison&translation 1. Even if the monk can run away, his tem

3、ple cannot run with him. 跑得了和尚，跑不了廟。 2. Modesty helps one go forward, whereas conceit makes one lag behind. 謙虛使人進步，驕傲使人落后。 4. If winter comes, can spring be far behind? 冬天來了，春天還會遠嗎？ 5. We will not attack unless we are attacked. 人不犯我，我不犯人。 practice As the weather was fine, we decided to climb the mou

4、ntain. 天氣很好，我們決定去爬山。 2. My sister was expecting me, so I had to go now. 我妹妹在等我，我得走了。 3. A body in motion remains in motion at a constant speed in a straight line unless acted upon by an external force. 沒有外力的作用，運動的物體就連續(xù)做勻速直線運 動。 3 樹狀與竹狀 英語要求形態(tài)的完整與精密，句子枝杈 蔓生,呈樹狀結(jié)構(gòu)； 漢語逐節(jié)以短語或小句展開，節(jié)節(jié)延伸, 呈竹子狀。 e.g. The bo

5、y, who was crying as if his heart would break, said, when I spoke to him, that he was very hungray because he had had no food for two days. 男孩哭得心都快碎了，當(dāng)我問及他時，他說餓極了， 有兩天沒吃了。 Upon his death in 1826, Jefferson was buried under a stone which described him as he had wished to be remembered as the author o

6、f The Declaration on Independence and The Virginia Statute for Religious Freedom and the father of the University of Virginia. 1826年杰斐遜逝世。按他生前遺愿，在他墓 地的石碑上刻著：獨立宣言和弗吉尼 亞州信教自由法令的作者，弗吉尼亞大學(xué) 創(chuàng)建人之墓。 4 靜態(tài)與動態(tài) 英語少用動詞、或用其他手段表示動作意 義，是“靜態(tài)”的語言 漢語多用動詞，是“動態(tài)”的語言。 在英譯漢時常常要變“靜”為“動” practice Admittance Free 免票入場 2. Out

7、 of Bounds 游客止步 3. No Admittance Except on Business 閑人免進 4. Danger of Death High Voltage! 高壓（電），生命危險！ Translation & appreciation 飄銀須的老爺爺笑得象棵落英的古槐樹。 每天清晨，他把精心編織的鳥籠掛上樹杈 端詳他那只幼小的金絲鳥, 鳥兒長滿了 絨絨的金羽， 爺爺喜得樂樂呵呵。 My silver-bearded grandpa chuckles like an old locust tree shaking loose its blooms. Early every morning he hangs his finely woven birdcage on a branc