新目標(biāo)英語九年級總復(fù)習(xí)：主謂一致課件

1、主主 謂謂 一一 致致 概念概念: : 主謂一致是指謂語動詞與主謂一致是指謂語動詞與 主語在人稱和數(shù)上保持一致。主語在人稱和數(shù)上保持一致。 主謂一致三原則主謂一致三原則 語法一致原則： 指主語和謂語在單復(fù)數(shù)形式上的一致關(guān)系。指主語和謂語在單復(fù)數(shù)形式上的一致關(guān)系。 主語為單數(shù)形式主語為單數(shù)形式,謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式;反之反之,謂謂 語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式. Tom is a good student. They often play football on the playground. 意義一致原則：意義一致原則： 指謂語動詞的單指謂語動詞的單,復(fù)數(shù)要取決于主語所表達

2、的復(fù)數(shù)要取決于主語所表達的 概念概念,而不取決于表面上的語法標(biāo)記而不取決于表面上的語法標(biāo)記. 指主語形式上指主語形式上 為單數(shù)，但意義為復(fù)數(shù)，因此謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形為單數(shù)，但意義為復(fù)數(shù)，因此謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形 式；或主語形式上為復(fù)數(shù)，但表示單數(shù)意義，這式；或主語形式上為復(fù)數(shù)，但表示單數(shù)意義，這 是謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。是謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。 My family are having lunch now. Twenty dollars is too expensive for the book. 就近一致原則：就近一致原則： 指當(dāng)主語由兩個或兩個以上名詞或代詞組成時指當(dāng)主語由兩個或兩個以上名詞或代詞組

3、成時, 謂語動詞的數(shù)要與它緊鄰的名詞或代詞的數(shù)一致謂語動詞的數(shù)要與它緊鄰的名詞或代詞的數(shù)一致. Not only the teacher but also his students like playing football. There is a pen and some books on the desk. 提提 示：示： 一般說來一般說來, ,究竟何時采用何種原則究竟何時采用何種原則, ,應(yīng)應(yīng) 視英語習(xí)慣用法而定視英語習(xí)慣用法而定. .但在實際使用但在實際使用 中中, ,如果對上述三種原則捉摸不定時如果對上述三種原則捉摸不定時, , 遵循語法一致的原則是一種比較穩(wěn)妥遵循語法一致的原則是一

4、種比較穩(wěn)妥 的方法的方法. . 名詞作主語名詞作主語 1. 單數(shù)名詞，不可數(shù)名詞作主語時，謂語用單數(shù) 形式，復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語，謂語用復(fù)數(shù)形式。 The desk is Toms. Some water is in the bottle. The students are playing football on the playground. 2. 2. 某些集體名詞，如某些集體名詞，如family, team, clubfamily, team, club， classclass，publicpublic， groupgroup等作主語時，如果作為一等作主語時，如果作為一 個整體看待，謂語動詞用

5、單數(shù)形式，如果就其中個整體看待，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式，如果就其中 一個個成員而言，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。一個個成員而言，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。 His family is a happy one. The whole family are watching TV. 3. 3. 某些集體名詞，如某些集體名詞，如people, police, people, police, clothes clothes等，只當(dāng)復(fù)數(shù)看待，謂語動詞必等，只當(dāng)復(fù)數(shù)看待，謂語動詞必 須用復(fù)數(shù)。須用復(fù)數(shù)。 The police are searching for the thief. 4. 4. 單、復(fù)數(shù)同形的名詞如單、復(fù)數(shù)同

6、形的名詞如 sheep, sheep, deer, fish, Chinese, Japanese fish, Chinese, Japanese 主語時，謂主語時，謂 語動詞應(yīng)根據(jù)意義決定單、復(fù)數(shù)。語動詞應(yīng)根據(jù)意義決定單、復(fù)數(shù)。 A sheep is over there. Some sheep are over there. 5. 5. 名詞所有格之后的名詞被省略，這種情況一般只名詞所有格之后的名詞被省略，這種情況一般只 指商店、工廠、住宅等，作主語時，動詞一般用單數(shù)。指商店、工廠、住宅等，作主語時，動詞一般用單數(shù)。 The doctors is across the street. My

7、 uncles is not far from here. 常見的省略名詞有：常見的省略名詞有：the bakersthe bakers（面包房）（面包房）, the , the barbersbarbers（理發(fā)店）（理發(fā)店）, the Zhangs, the Zhangs（張家）等。（張家）等。 注注: the : the 姓氏名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式則表示一家人姓氏名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式則表示一家人。 The Greens are having breakfast now. 6. 6. 表示成雙成套的名詞作主語時，謂語動詞通常用復(fù)表示成雙成套的名詞作主語時，謂語動詞通常用復(fù) 數(shù)形式，例如：數(shù)形式，例如：g

8、lasses, shoes, chopsticks, pantsglasses, shoes, chopsticks, pants等。等。 The pants are mine. My glasses are on the table. 但如果主語用但如果主語用“a kind of, a pair of , a series ofa kind of, a pair of , a series of 等加名詞等加名詞”構(gòu)成時，謂語動詞一般用單數(shù)形式。構(gòu)成時，謂語動詞一般用單數(shù)形式。 A pair of shoes was under the desk. Two pairs of shoes we

9、re under the desk. 7 7當(dāng)表示國家，城市，人名，書名，報紙，雜志，當(dāng)表示國家，城市，人名，書名，報紙，雜志， 及組織機構(gòu)等的專有名詞做主語時，作為整體，謂語動及組織機構(gòu)等的專有名詞做主語時，作為整體，謂語動 詞用單數(shù)形式。詞用單數(shù)形式。 The United States lies in North America. 8 8news news ，mathsmaths，physics physics ，politicspolitics等詞貌等詞貌 似復(fù)數(shù)，實為單數(shù)，其謂語動詞用單數(shù)似復(fù)數(shù)，實為單數(shù)，其謂語動詞用單數(shù). . No news is good news. Maths

10、 is very popular in our class 連接詞連接的名詞作主語連接詞連接的名詞作主語 1 1 用用andand或或bothandbothand連接并列主語，謂語動詞連接并列主語，謂語動詞 通常用復(fù)數(shù)形式。通常用復(fù)數(shù)形式。 Plastics and rubber never rot. Walking and riding are good exercises. 注：注：A A：并列主語如果指的是同一個人、同一事物：并列主語如果指的是同一個人、同一事物 或或 同一概念時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。否則，用同一概念時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。否則，用 復(fù)數(shù)。復(fù)數(shù)。 這種情況常有兩種結(jié)構(gòu)形式

11、：這種情況常有兩種結(jié)構(gòu)形式： a.+n.+and+na.+n.+and+n，指的是同一個人或物；，指的是同一個人或物； a.+n.+anda.+n.+and + +a.+na.+n. .，指兩個人或物。，指兩個人或物。 The writer and teacher is coming. The writer and the teacher are coming. B B：由：由andand連接的并列單數(shù)主語之前如果分別連接的并列單數(shù)主語之前如果分別 由由each, every, 等修飾時，結(jié)構(gòu)是等修飾時，結(jié)構(gòu)是 each/every+n.+and +(each/every)+n.，其謂語動詞，

12、其謂語動詞 要用單數(shù)形式。要用單數(shù)形式。 Each boy and each girl has got a seat. Every man and every woman is at work. 2 2當(dāng)主語后面跟有當(dāng)主語后面跟有as well as, along with, as well as, along with, with, like, together with, but, except, with, like, together with, but, except, besides, includingbesides, including, ,等引導(dǎo)的詞組時，其謂語動等引導(dǎo)的詞組

13、時，其謂語動 詞的單、復(fù)數(shù)由前面的主語而定。詞的單、復(fù)數(shù)由前面的主語而定。 (1) The teacher as well as the students was reading in the library. (2) The women with two children is my aunt (3) Mike, like his brother, enjoys playing football (4) The students ,including their teacher, are going to the brave man. (5) Nobody except Mr. Li and

14、 Mrs. Li likes soprts. (6) Mr. Li besides his sons likes sports. 3以以 eitheror, neithernor, not onlybut also, notbut等連接的名詞（代詞）作等連接的名詞（代詞）作 主語時，謂語動詞的單復(fù)數(shù)應(yīng)根據(jù)就近一致的原主語時，謂語動詞的單復(fù)數(shù)應(yīng)根據(jù)就近一致的原 則。則。 Either you or he is to go. Not one but all of us are hoping to be there. There be 結(jié)構(gòu)，依據(jù)就近一致原則結(jié)構(gòu)，依據(jù)就近一致原則。 There is

15、 a book , two pens on the desk. There are two pens , a book in the desk. (1) Here are two novels. One is written in English. The other is in Chinese. (2) Is everyone here today. (3) Something is wrong with him. (4) None of them has seen the film. (5) Either of the boys is ready. (6) Neither of these

16、 words is correct. (7) Each of the pens costs three dollars. (8) Nobody was in. 4不定代詞不定代詞somebody, someone, something, anybody, anything, everybody, everyone, everything, nobody, no one, nothing, either, neither, each, the other, another作主語，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。作主語，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。 分?jǐn)?shù)和量詞作主語分?jǐn)?shù)和量詞作主語 1 表示時間，價格，度量、距離、金額、表示

17、時間，價格，度量、距離、金額、 書名，重量，數(shù)目，長度，數(shù)學(xué)運算等的詞或短書名，重量，數(shù)目，長度，數(shù)學(xué)運算等的詞或短 語作主語時，這些通常作一個整體概念，謂語用語作主語時，這些通常作一個整體概念，謂語用 單數(shù)形式。單數(shù)形式。 (1) Two months is a long holiday. (2) Twenty pounds isnt so heavy. (3) Ten miles isnt a long distance. (4) Five minus four is one. (5) The Arabian Night is a book known to lovers of Engli

18、sh. 2分?jǐn)?shù)分?jǐn)?shù)(百分?jǐn)?shù)百分?jǐn)?shù))+of +名詞名詞做主語時，謂語動詞的單復(fù)做主語時，謂語動詞的單復(fù) 數(shù)取決于數(shù)取決于of后面的名詞的數(shù)。后面的名詞的數(shù)。 Ten percent of the apples were bad . 注意注意: population 一詞，用作整體時，謂語動詞用單一詞，用作整體時，謂語動詞用單 數(shù)，用其部分做主語時，謂語動詞形式用復(fù)數(shù)。數(shù)，用其部分做主語時，謂語動詞形式用復(fù)數(shù)。 The population of China is 13.6 billion and 70% of the population are peasants 3a number of后面加

19、復(fù)數(shù)名詞或代詞，其動詞用復(fù)后面加復(fù)數(shù)名詞或代詞，其動詞用復(fù) 數(shù)形式；但數(shù)形式；但the number of后面加復(fù)數(shù)名詞或代詞時，其后面加復(fù)數(shù)名詞或代詞時，其 謂語用單數(shù)。謂語用單數(shù)。 The number of the teachers in No. 2 Middle School is over 100. a number of them are young. 名詞化的形容詞作主語名詞化的形容詞作主語 如果主語由如果主語由“the+形容詞形容詞”結(jié)構(gòu)擔(dān)任表示一類結(jié)構(gòu)擔(dān)任表示一類 人或物時，謂語通常用復(fù)數(shù)，這類詞有：人或物時，謂語通常用復(fù)數(shù)，這類詞有： the poor, the rich,

20、 the blind, the young, the old, the sick, the dead, the deaf and dumb. The rich often help the poor. 1：Each of the students _ a dictionary. A. have B. is C. are D. has 2： How time flies! Ten years _ passed. A. have B. has C. is D. are 3. Not only his parents but also his brother _to the Summer Palac

21、e. They havent been back. A. have been B. have gone C. has been D. has gone 4：Look! There _ playing with the tourists on Dahe Square A. are a number of deer B. are a number of deers C. is a number of deer D. is a number of deers D B D A 5：The Smiths _ sending e-mails _letters. because it is faster.

22、A. prefer, to writing B. prefer，to write C. prefers，to writing D. prefers，to write 6：Everyone except Bill and Jim _there when the meeting began . A. was B. is C. are D. were 7：Either Jane or Steven _ watching TV now. A. were B. is C. are D. was A A B 9. Look, here come some _. A. dog B. horse C. dee

23、r D. cow 10. It is not J. K. Rowling but her works that _ us excited. A. makes B. is made C. make D. are made 11. Each man and each woman _ asked to help when the fire broke out. A. is B. was C. are D. were 12. About 60 percent of the students _ from the south; the rest of them _ from the north and

24、foreign countries. A. are; is B. is; is C. is; are D. are; are 13. They said the eighteenth and last lesson _ quite easy. A. is B. was C. are D. were C C B D B 14. -When are you going to Kumming for your holidays? I havent decided. _ this Sunday _ next Sunday is OK. A. Both; and B. Either; or C. Nei

25、ther; nor D. Not only; but also 15. _ Helen _ Joan speaks beautiful Chinese after they came to China. A. Neither; nor B. Not only; but also C. Both; and D. A and B 16. The paper for books _ made of wood. A. are B. is C. has D. have 17. _ of them has his own opinion. A. Both B. Some C. Every D. Each

26、B D B D 18. Not only my brother but also I_ good at painting. Both of us _good painters. A. are.are B. am.are C. is.is D. are.is 19. One-third of the area _ covered with green trees. About seventy percent of the trees _ been planted. A. are; have B. is; has C. is; have D. are; has 20. The number of

27、teachers in our college _ greatly increased last term. A number of teachers in this school _ from the countryside. A. was; is B. was; are C. were; are D. were; is 21. All but Dick _ in Class Three this term. A. are B. is C. were D. was B C B A 22. Either you or he _ interested in playing chess. _ you or he fond of music at present? A. are; Are B. is; Are