新課標下初中英語“任務(wù)型”閱讀教學設(shè)計及其案例

1、新課標下初中英語“任務(wù)型”閱讀教學設(shè)計及其案例新頒發(fā)的英語課程標準指出教師應(yīng)該避免單純傳授語言知識的教學方法，盡量采用“任務(wù)型”語言教學（task-based language teaching）途徑。“任務(wù)型”語言教學是指教師根據(jù)課程的總體目標并結(jié)合教學內(nèi)容，創(chuàng)造性地設(shè)計貼近學生思想、學習和生活實際的教學活動，吸引和組織他們積極參與。在執(zhí)行任務(wù)的過程中，學生通過思考、調(diào)查、討論、交流和合作等方式，運用所學的英語基礎(chǔ)知識和已經(jīng)具有的基本技能，完成所設(shè)定的任務(wù)目標。開展“任務(wù)型”的教學活動有利于學生在發(fā)展語言能力，強化學習動機，提高學習興趣，形成有效的學習策略，培養(yǎng)合作精神，增進對中西方文化的理

2、解；同時也有利于學生思維和想像能力、審美情趣和藝術(shù)感受、協(xié)作和創(chuàng)新精神等綜合素質(zhì)的發(fā)展，促進英語學科與其他學科的相互滲透和聯(lián)系。“任務(wù)型”教學活動強調(diào)讓學生體驗學習的過程，充分體現(xiàn)英語學習的交際性、主體性和創(chuàng)造性。在設(shè)計“任務(wù)型”教學活動時，教師應(yīng)注意以下幾點：（1） 活動要有明確的目的并具有可操作性；（2） 活動要以學生的生活經(jīng)驗和興趣為出發(fā)點，內(nèi)容和形式要盡量真實；（3） 活動要有利于學生學習英語知識、發(fā)展語言技能，從而提高實際語言運用能力；（4） 活動應(yīng)積極促進英語學科和其他學科的相互滲透和聯(lián)系，使學生的思維和想像能力、審美情趣和藝術(shù)感受、協(xié)作和創(chuàng)新精神等綜合素質(zhì)得到發(fā)展；（5） 活動要

3、能夠促使學生獲取、處理和使用信息，用英語與他人交流，發(fā)展用英語解決實際問題的能力；（6） 活動不應(yīng)僅限于課堂教學，而應(yīng)延伸到課堂之外的學習和生活之中；（7） 任務(wù)設(shè)計要有一定的系統(tǒng)性和連續(xù)性；（8） 任務(wù)設(shè)計要有層次性，做到由淺入深、層層深入；（9） 任務(wù)設(shè)計要有啟發(fā)性創(chuàng)新性。下面是運用“任務(wù)型”教學方法設(shè)計的人教版初三英語第13單元第50課“standing room only”的教學案例。任務(wù)分析本課為人民教育出版社出版的九年義務(wù)教育三年制初級中學教科書（英語）第三冊第十三單元第50課。本課要求學生能根據(jù)上下文和構(gòu)詞法推斷、理解生詞multiplyby, hour after hour,

4、at the beginning of的含義，讀懂文章，找出文章的主題，并能根據(jù)不同的閱讀目的運用閱讀策略獲取信息。本課沒有新的語法，但要求學生在學習了十億、百萬、千、百等數(shù)字的英語表達基礎(chǔ)上能對這些數(shù)字及時做出應(yīng)答。初三學生業(yè)已掌握了簡單閱讀策略和技巧，有了一定的合作意識，但探究能力、解決問題的能力、運用已學知識闡述自己觀點的表達能力尚有待提高。因此本課重在提高探究能力、解決問題的能力和綜合運用語言知識的能力，并鞏固和熟練掌握萬位以上數(shù)字的表達。教學過程課前準備：1、 讓學生調(diào)查世界人口過多所帶來的危害。2、 讓學生合作擬訂解決世界人口過多的辦法。一、lead-in（引入）用椅子圍成一個邊長

5、約一米的正方形。t: would you like to play a game, first? look, i have used chairs to make a square. this side is one metre long. that side is one metre long, too. so how much is the area?ss: its one square metre.（引出生詞，板書并讓學生跟讀生詞square）t: （讓學生進入到正方形中）can you move? can you turn round?s1: yes, i can.t: （接著讓更多學

6、生擠進這一平方米的空間，向同一學生發(fā)問）can you move? can you turn round?s1: no, i cantt:（同時幫學生回答）i almost cant move, i can hardly move.（板書almost not=hardly并跟讀hardly）t: how are you feeling?s: im not feeling well.t: id like one more student to go into the square. do you think its an easy job or a challenge?ss: its a cha

7、llenge.（板書并讓學生跟讀生詞challenge）t: can you get one more student to go into the square?ss: no, we cantt: we can（指著黑板上的生詞hardly）ss:（接）hardly get one more student to come into the square.t: yes, you can hardly get one more student to go into the square.you can hardly move. you can stand only in such a smal

8、l space. you can have standing room only.（引出本課題目）二、debate（辯論）t: do you think its good to have a small population or a large population in the world? would you like to have a debate? ill give you two or three minutes to prepare for the debate. please discuss in groups.學生分為正反兩方進行辯論準備。sa為正方(its good to

9、 have a small population in the world.)sb為反方(its good to have a big population in the world.)t: well, lets begin to debate freely.sa: the fewer people, the less pollution.sb: the more people, the more power.sa: well have more opportunities to find jobs if there are fewer people.sb: have you ever hea

10、rd of this saying? two heads are better than one.sa: if there are fewer people in the world, no one will get hungry.sb: we can have more scientists from more people. the more scientists will find out more ways to grow more food and not to let us get hungry.sa: but the natural resources are limited,

11、the more people will use it up more quickly.t: （辯論結(jié)束后總結(jié)一下雙方觀點）different people have different ideas. what about the writers opinion? can you guess what the writer is going to tell us from the title “standing room only”?三、reading（閱讀）要求學生閱讀課文，教師設(shè)計一些有關(guān)這篇課文內(nèi)容的問題叫學生來回答，以培養(yǎng)他們的閱讀理解能力，如：1. how many babies a

12、re born in an hour?2. when was the worlds population over six billion?3. how big will the worlds population be in 2010?4. what will happen in about 600 years?在理解課文的基礎(chǔ)上，再叫學生進行操練，直到熟練為止。四、inquiring task（探究任務(wù)）t: what will happen in the near future if the worlds population goes on increasing like this?（

13、創(chuàng)設(shè)問題情境，小組討論，培養(yǎng)學生發(fā)散思維。）s1: many people may lose their jobs.s2: many people will have not enough food or no food to eat. they will be hungry.s3: some people will have no houses to live in.s4: some people will become poorer and poorer. and they cant afford to go to school.s5: people on the earth will h

14、ave less and less water/electricity.（屏顯鏈接好的相關(guān)圖片：失業(yè)人群、饑餓人群、缺水情景、環(huán)境污染等，讓學生視覺上產(chǎn)生沖擊波，使他們感到震撼。）t: does the writer only want to tell us the seriousness of the worlds population? why does the author write the article?（創(chuàng)設(shè)問題情境，理解文章深層次的含義。）s: no. he thinks the worlds population is too large. we should do some

15、thing to solve the problem.t: do you have any ideas to solve the greatest problem?（小組討論，選一發(fā)言人向全班報告，以培養(yǎng)學生創(chuàng)新思維和解決實際問題的能力。教師此時可提供新詞匯family planning, one-child policy,教師視學生討論情況提示：why do your parents have only one child? can we live underground? have you heard of the et（外星人）? can we move to their planet?

16、）s1: people should get married later.s2: people may have babies later.s3: each couple should have only one child.s4: we can build the underground cities.s5: maybe we can move to another planet to live on.t: which is the best way to slow down the worlds population increasing?（滲透人口教育，引導(dǎo)學生回答計劃生育是目前最佳的方

17、法。）五、speech（演講）t: as a student, what we can do now is to tell people to do something to help solve the worlds increasing population. would you like to give a speech about the population explosion? you may talk about it from the following aspects：1. the population is growing faster.2. what will the i

18、ncreasing population cause？3. in what ways will you solve the problem?4.which do you think is the best way now? you may begin the speech like this: ladies and gentlemen, today im going to give a speech about the population explosion（分組準備，給予學生一些提示，推選一人演講。運用已學知識,人口增長迅速所帶來的危害及解決的辦法，闡述自己的觀點，培養(yǎng)綜合運用語言的能力。）六、evaluation（評價）讓學生對演講者作出評價，教師最后總結(jié)評價并鼓勵學生為減緩世界人口作出自己的貢獻。t: i think they will be great speakers. id like you to go on giving speeches after school in public places. try to make great co