新課標下初中英語“任務(wù)型”閱讀教學設(shè)計及其案例

1、新課標下初中英語“任務(wù)型”閱讀教學設(shè)計及其案例新頒發(fā)的英語課程標準指出教師應(yīng)該避免單純傳授語言知識的教學方法，盡量采用“任務(wù)型”語言教學（task-based language teaching）途徑?！叭蝿?wù)型”語言教學是指教師根據(jù)課程的總體目標并結(jié)合教學內(nèi)容，創(chuàng)造性地設(shè)計貼近學生思想、學習和生活實際的教學活動，吸引和組織他們積極參與。在執(zhí)行任務(wù)的過程中，學生通過思考、調(diào)查、討論、交流和合作等方式，運用所學的英語基礎(chǔ)知識和已經(jīng)具有的基本技能，完成所設(shè)定的任務(wù)目標。開展“任務(wù)型”的教學活動有利于學生在發(fā)展語言能力，強化學習動機，提高學習興趣，形成有效的學習策略，培養(yǎng)合作精神，增進對中西方文化的理

2、解；同時也有利于學生思維和想像能力、審美情趣和藝術(shù)感受、協(xié)作和創(chuàng)新精神等綜合素質(zhì)的發(fā)展，促進英語學科與其他學科的相互滲透和聯(lián)系?！叭蝿?wù)型”教學活動強調(diào)讓學生體驗學習的過程，充分體現(xiàn)英語學習的交際性、主體性和創(chuàng)造性。在設(shè)計“任務(wù)型”教學活動時，教師應(yīng)注意以下幾點：（1） 活動要有明確的目的并具有可操作性；（2） 活動要以學生的生活經(jīng)驗和興趣為出發(fā)點，內(nèi)容和形式要盡量真實；（3） 活動要有利于學生學習英語知識、發(fā)展語言技能，從而提高實際語言運用能力；（4） 活動應(yīng)積極促進英語學科和其他學科的相互滲透和聯(lián)系，使學生的思維和想像能力、審美情趣和藝術(shù)感受、協(xié)作和創(chuàng)新精神等綜合素質(zhì)得到發(fā)展；（5） 活動要

3、能夠促使學生獲取、處理和使用信息，用英語與他人交流，發(fā)展用英語解決實際問題的能力；（6） 活動不應(yīng)僅限于課堂教學，而應(yīng)延伸到課堂之外的學習和生活之中；（7） 任務(wù)設(shè)計要有一定的系統(tǒng)性和連續(xù)性；（8） 任務(wù)設(shè)計要有層次性，做到由淺入深、層層深入；（9） 任務(wù)設(shè)計要有啟發(fā)性創(chuàng)新性。下面是運用“任務(wù)型”教學方法設(shè)計的人教版初三英語第13單元第50課“standing room only”的教學案例。任務(wù)分析本課為人民教育出版社出版的九年義務(wù)教育三年制初級中學教科書（英語）第三冊第十三單元第50課。本課要求學生能根據(jù)上下文和構(gòu)詞法推斷、理解生詞multiplyby, hour after hour,

4、at the beginning of的含義，讀懂文章，找出文章的主題，并能根據(jù)不同的閱讀目的運用閱讀策略獲取信息。本課沒有新的語法，但要求學生在學習了十億、百萬、千、百等數(shù)字的英語表達基礎(chǔ)上能對這些數(shù)字及時做出應(yīng)答。初三學生業(yè)已掌握了簡單閱讀策略和技巧，有了一定的合作意識，但探究能力、解決問題的能力、運用已學知識闡述自己觀點的表達能力尚有待提高。因此本課重在提高探究能力、解決問題的能力和綜合運用語言知識的能力，并鞏固和熟練掌握萬位以上數(shù)字的表達。教學過程課前準備：1、 讓學生調(diào)查世界人口過多所帶來的危害。2、 讓學生合作擬訂解決世界人口過多的辦法。一、lead-in（引入）用椅子圍成一個邊長

5、約一米的正方形。t: would you like to play a game, first? look, i have used chairs to make a square. this side is one metre long. that side is one metre long, too. so how much is the area?ss: its one square metre.（引出生詞，板書并讓學生跟讀生詞square）t: （讓學生進入到正方形中）can you move? can you turn round?s1: yes, i can.t: （接著讓更多學

6、生擠進這一平方米的空間，向同一學生發(fā)問）can you move? can you turn round?s1: no, i cantt:（同時幫學生回答）i almost cant move, i can hardly move.（板書almost not=hardly并跟讀hardly）t: how are you feeling?s: im not feeling well.t: id like one more student to go into the square. do you think its an easy job or a challenge?ss: its a cha

7、llenge.（板書并讓學生跟讀生詞challenge）t: can you get one more student to go into the square?ss: no, we cantt: we can（指著黑板上的生詞hardly）ss:（接）hardly get one more student to come into the square.t: yes, you can hardly get one more student to go into the square.you can hardly move. you can stand only in such a smal

8、l space. you can have standing room only.（引出本課題目）二、debate（辯論）t: do you think its good to have a small population or a large population in the world? would you like to have a debate? ill give you two or three minutes to prepare for the debate. please discuss in groups.學生分為正反兩方進行辯論準備。sa為正方(its good to

9、 have a small population in the world.)sb為反方(its good to have a big population in the world.)t: well, lets begin to debate freely.sa: the fewer people, the less pollution.sb: the more people, the more power.sa: well have more opportunities to find jobs if there are fewer people.sb: have you ever hea

10、rd of this saying? two heads are better than one.sa: if there are fewer people in the world, no one will get hungry.sb: we can have more scientists from more people. the more scientists will find out more ways to grow more food and not to let us get hungry.sa: but the natural resources are limited,

11、the more people will use it up more quickly.t: （辯論結(jié)束后總結(jié)一下雙方觀點）different people have different ideas. what about the writers opinion? can you guess what the writer is going to tell us from the title “standing room only”?三、reading（閱讀）要求學生閱讀課文，教師設(shè)計一些有關(guān)這篇課文內(nèi)容的問題叫學生來回答，以培養(yǎng)他們的閱讀理解能力，如：1. how many babies a

12、re born in an hour?2. when was the worlds population over six billion?3. how big will the worlds population be in 2010?4. what will happen in about 600 years?在理解課文的基礎(chǔ)上，再叫學生進行操練，直到熟練為止。四、inquiring task（探究任務(wù)）t: what will happen in the near future if the worlds population goes on increasing like this?（

13、創(chuàng)設(shè)問題情境，小組討論，培養(yǎng)學生發(fā)散思維。）s1: many people may lose their jobs.s2: many people will have not enough food or no food to eat. they will be hungry.s3: some people will have no houses to live in.待添加的隱藏文字內(nèi)容2s4: some people will become poorer and poorer. and they cant afford to go to school.s5: people on the e

14、arth will have less and less water/electricity.（屏顯鏈接好的相關(guān)圖片：失業(yè)人群、饑餓人群、缺水情景、環(huán)境污染等，讓學生視覺上產(chǎn)生沖擊波，使他們感到震撼。）t: does the writer only want to tell us the seriousness of the worlds population? why does the author write the article?（創(chuàng)設(shè)問題情境，理解文章深層次的含義。）s: no. he thinks the worlds population is too large. we sho

15、uld do something to solve the problem.t: do you have any ideas to solve the greatest problem?（小組討論，選一發(fā)言人向全班報告，以培養(yǎng)學生創(chuàng)新思維和解決實際問題的能力。教師此時可提供新詞匯family planning, one-child policy,教師視學生討論情況提示：why do your parents have only one child? can we live underground? have you heard of the et（外星人）? can we move to th

16、eir planet?）s1: people should get married later.s2: people may have babies later.s3: each couple should have only one child.s4: we can build the underground cities.s5: maybe we can move to another planet to live on.t: which is the best way to slow down the worlds population increasing?（滲透人口教育，引導學生回答

17、計劃生育是目前最佳的方法。）五、speech（演講）t: as a student, what we can do now is to tell people to do something to help solve the worlds increasing population. would you like to give a speech about the population explosion? you may talk about it from the following aspects：1. the population is growing faster.2. what

18、 will the increasing population cause？3. in what ways will you solve the problem?4.which do you think is the best way now? you may begin the speech like this: ladies and gentlemen, today im going to give a speech about the population explosion（分組準備，給予學生一些提示，推選一人演講。運用已學知識,人口增長迅速所帶來的危害及解決的辦法，闡述自己的觀點，培養(yǎng)綜合運用語言的能力。）六、evaluation（評價）讓學生對演講者作出評價，教師最后總結(jié)評價并鼓勵學生為減緩世界人口作出自己的貢獻。t: i think they will be great speakers. id like you to go on giving speeches after school in public places. try to make great c