形容詞和副詞的比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)

1、、形容詞和副詞的概念形容詞：是修飾名詞（人或事物），表示名詞的性質(zhì)，特征或?qū)傩砸环N詞類。它在句中作定語、表語和賓語補(bǔ)足語。副詞：用來修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞及其他副詞的詞叫副詞。副詞在句中多作狀語.二、形容詞和副詞的用法 形容詞作定語一般放在被修飾的名詞之前。女口： a new book, two big trees 等。 形容詞放在系動(dòng)詞 be , get, turn, become, keep, stay, look, smell, feel, taste, sound, 之后。女口 : 1J am short2 She looks fine 3 They turn green. 如果形容詞修飾不

2、定代詞something,anything, everything, nothing 等時(shí)，要放在不定代詞后面。ilfl: something interesting nothing new副詞放在所修飾的動(dòng)詞之后、形容詞和副詞之前。如果前面是行為動(dòng)詞，則后面用副詞。如:1. She works hard （修飾動(dòng)詞）2. I am very busy（修飾形容詞）3. He runs too quickly （修飾副詞）4. We play happily.（修飾動(dòng)詞）通常在形容詞后加-ly變成副詞。形容詞副詞比較級(jí)最高級(jí)變化形式歸納大多數(shù)形容詞和副詞有比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)的變化，即原級(jí)、比較級(jí)和

3、最高級(jí)，用來表示事物的等級(jí)差 別。原級(jí)即形容詞的原形，比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)有規(guī)則變化和不規(guī)則變化兩種。規(guī)則變化1.單音節(jié)以及少數(shù)雙音節(jié)的詞后面直接加-er 或-est原級(jí)比較級(jí)最咼級(jí)talltallertallestsmartsmartersmartestshortshortershortest特別提醒：以-y, -er, -ow, le結(jié)尾的雙音節(jié)形容詞末尾加er和est。如：healthy, funny, busy,hungry, easy, happy, early, pretty, lazy, heavy, dirty, clever, narrow等。最高級(jí)2.以不發(fā)音的e結(jié)尾只加r或-s

4、t原級(jí)比較級(jí)最咼級(jí)nicenicernicestfinefinerfinestlargelargerlargest3. “以輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾的詞改y為i,再加-er或-est原級(jí)比較級(jí)easyeasiereasiestprettyprettierprettiesthappyhappierhappiestfunnyfunnierfunniestbusybusierbusiest4以一個(gè)元音加一個(gè)輔音字母結(jié)尾的重讀閉音節(jié)詞，雙寫后面的輔音字母，再加-er或-est原級(jí)比較級(jí)最咼級(jí)thinthinnerthinnesthothotterhottestbigbiggerbiggest特別提醒：new

5、, few, slow, clean等詞含有字母組合，且發(fā)的是長(zhǎng)元音，不用雙寫。5大部分雙音節(jié)詞和多音節(jié)的詞，要在前面加more, most原級(jí)比較級(jí)最咼級(jí)beautifulmore beautifulmost beautifulimportantmore importantmost importantinterestingmore interestingmost interestingexpensivemore expensivemost expensivepopularmore popularmost popular特別提醒：以形容前綴im構(gòu)成的三音節(jié)形容詞不適合上述情況,如 unhapp

6、y-unhappier-unhappiest, untidy-untidier-untidiest6以形容詞+ly構(gòu)成的副詞要在前面加more, most原級(jí)比較級(jí)最咼級(jí)slowlymore slowlymost slowlyquicklymore quicklymost quicklyangrilymore angrilymost angrilysoftlymore softlymost softlynoisilymore noisilymost noisily特另 U 提醒： earlyearlierearliest 7. ill ING分詞和ED分詞演變過來的形容詞（包括不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞如kn

7、owknown）只能加more或most來表示它們的比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)。原級(jí)比較級(jí)最咼級(jí)interestingmore interestingmost interestingexcitedmore excitedmost excitingtiredmore tiredmost tiredboringmore boringmost boring不規(guī)則變化原級(jí)比較級(jí)最咼級(jí)good/wellbetterbestbad/badly/illworseworstmany/muchmoremostlittlelessleastoldolder/elderoldest/eldestfarfarther/furth

8、erfarthest/furthest兩好，兩壞，兩多，一少，一老，一遠(yuǎn)”不規(guī)則。特別提醒：further不僅可以指“距離更遠(yuǎn)”，還可指“程度更深”。記住以下三個(gè)詞組：further study (進(jìn)修)further education (繼續(xù)教育)further information (進(jìn)一步的信息)(felder僅用于同輩之間的排行，如：elder sister (姐姐)elder brother (哥哥)Oless作為“更少”僅用來修飾不可數(shù)名詞，修飾可數(shù)名詞表示“更少”要用fewero以下內(nèi)容作為拓展用恥容詞most前面沒有the,不表示最高級(jí)的含義，只表示“非?！?。It is a

9、 most important problem.二It is a very important problem.Of咅數(shù)表達(dá)法A is three (four, etc)times the size (height, length etc)of B.The new building is four times the size (the height) of the old one這座新樓是那座舊樓的四倍大(高)/這座新樓比那座舊樓大(高)三倍。A is three (four,etc)times as big (high, long, etc)as BAsia is four times a

10、s large as Europe.亞洲是歐洲的四倍大/亞洲比歐洲大三倍。A is three (four, etc)times bigger (higher, longer, etc)than BYour school is three times bigger than ours.你們的學(xué)校比我們的學(xué)校大三倍。用times表倍數(shù)通常用于三倍以上，兩倍可以用twice或double.形容詞副詞比較級(jí)最高級(jí)重點(diǎn)句型歸納佝型一：形容詞或副詞比較級(jí)+than注意事項(xiàng)：該句型為比較級(jí)的最基本句型。只要看到than,即可確定前面使用比較級(jí)。He is taller than I am.The boy

11、does his homework more carefully than the gir 1佝型二：less +形容詞的原級(jí)+ than注意事項(xiàng)：該句型表示“不如、不及”，特別需要注意的是，less本身就是little的比較級(jí)，后面必須跟形容詞的原級(jí)，否定就造成了比較級(jí)的重復(fù)使用。This computer is less expensive than that one佝型三：as +形容詞或副詞的原級(jí)+ as注意事項(xiàng)：該句型表示對(duì)比的兩者程度相當(dāng),as之間必須跟形容詞或副詞的原級(jí)，決不能使用比3S前的動(dòng)詞，如果是系動(dòng)詞（如較級(jí)。此外，還要確定使用形容詞還是副詞。確定的依據(jù)就是根據(jù)第一個(gè)be

12、,感官動(dòng)詞look, sound, smell, taste, feel等），那么就用形容詞的原級(jí)，如果前面的動(dòng)詞是一般的實(shí)義動(dòng)詞，那么就必須用副詞的原級(jí)修飾動(dòng)詞。This lesson is as easy as that one.Lucy talks with old people as politely as her sister.特別提醒：as-as之間也可以跟名詞，句型如下： as +形容詞+ a/an +單數(shù)名詞+asHe is as kind a person as his father.他和他爸爸一樣都是善良的人。as + many/much+不可數(shù)名詞/可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)+asI

13、can carry as much paper as you can.你能搬多少紙，我也能。I have as many books as you do.我的書和你的一樣多。We 11 give you as much help as we can.我們將盡我們所能給你幫助。其它兒個(gè)關(guān)于asas的句型：as as one can :盡其所能He began to run as fast as he could.as a s possible : 盡可能 Please help us as quickly as possible.as soon as 就He will call me as so

14、on as he comes here.佝型四：not as/so +形容詞或副詞的原級(jí)+ as注意事項(xiàng)：該句型表示“前者不如后者”，往往可以與句型一和句型二替換。第一個(gè)as可以換為SOoThis classroom is not as bright as yours.I cannot run as fast as you.佝型五：the +形容詞或副詞最高級(jí)+ in / of / among +比較范圍注意事項(xiàng)：如果這里為副詞最高級(jí)，前面的the常常省略。介詞in和of的用法完全不一樣。in表示“在某一范圍內(nèi)”，如：in the classroom , in the world。of表示在同

15、類之間”，of后面的詞與主語同類，另 名詞前一般有冠詞the。among表示在（三者或三者以上）之間” ,among后接代詞或沒有修飾語的名詞。The Changjiang River is the longest river in our country.Peter is the tallest of the six students.This picture is the most beautiful among these.佝型六：one of +形容詞最高級(jí)+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式注意事項(xiàng)：one of有三大考點(diǎn)：1.后跟形容詞最高級(jí)；2.后接可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式；3.作主語時(shí)主語為one,謂語

16、動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。One of the smallest dinosaurs was about one metre long.佝型七：比較級(jí)+and +比較級(jí)/ more and more +多音節(jié)詞的原級(jí)注意事項(xiàng)：該句型表示“越來越”，如果該形容詞比較級(jí)構(gòu)成形式加er,則用前面的句型；如果該形容詞比較級(jí)加more構(gòu)成，則用后面的句型。It is getting hotter and hotter.The girl is becoming more and more beautiful. 佝型八：the +比較級(jí)+，the +比較級(jí)+注意事項(xiàng)：該句型意思為“越就越表示兩種情況同時(shí)變化。The

17、more you eat, the fatter you will be.In the test, the more careful you are, the fewer mistakes you will make佝型九：be different from注意事項(xiàng)：該句型沒有運(yùn)用比較級(jí)，但也是對(duì)兩者事物進(jìn)行比較。注意前后比較需在同類事物中進(jìn)行。My schoolbag is different from yours佝型十：the same as/ the same as注意事項(xiàng)：該句型同樣沒有運(yùn)用比較級(jí)，表示兩者之間具有共同特性。注意這里的as和same為固定搭配，不能隨便變換。I don

18、t want to buy the same things as Amy did佝型十一：比較級(jí)+than + any other +名詞單數(shù)形式注意事項(xiàng)：any other后面跟單數(shù)名詞，表示“任何別的”，即主語在范圍內(nèi)，必須把自身從這一范圍內(nèi)除去，否則邏輯上不通。如果主語不在這一范圍內(nèi)，那么要把other去掉，只用any即可。Shanghai is larger than any other city in China（上海在中國(guó)這個(gè)范圍內(nèi)，所以用any other ）Shanghai is larger than any city in Jiangsu.（上海不在江蘇，所以只需用 any

19、）佝型十二：比較級(jí)+than + the other +名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式注意事項(xiàng)：該句型相當(dāng)于any other +名詞單數(shù)形式，常用來進(jìn)行同義句改寫。該句型與句型十一雖然波表面上都是比較級(jí)，但實(shí)際 上相當(dāng)于最高級(jí)。以下三句表達(dá)的是同一個(gè)意思。Daniel is the most hard-working student in our classDaniel is more hard-working than any other student in our classDaniel is more hard-working than the other students in our class特

20、別提醒：表示兩者（人或物）比較時(shí)，比較的對(duì)象應(yīng)是同類事物，不同類的事物之間無法進(jìn)行比較以下內(nèi)容不作為初中英語教學(xué)內(nèi)容，僅供拓展之用。砂數(shù)單音節(jié)詞前面加more, most構(gòu)成比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)，這類形容詞一般為表語形容詞和山過去 分詞變成的形容詞。afraid -一一 more afraid,most afraidtired 一- more tired ,most tiredfond一一 more fond ,most fondgladmore glad ,most gladbored more bored , most boredpleased more pleased , most1 ss下列

21、形容詞和副詞的比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)有兩種形式，即：既可加-er/-est也可加more/mostcruel, strict, often, friendly, clever殲列形容詞和副詞沒有比較級(jí)和最高（即表示“最高程度”或“絕對(duì)狀態(tài)”的形容詞和副詞沒有比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)）empty, wrong, perfect, unique, extreme, excellent, favourite, true, right, correct,extremely形容詞副詞比較級(jí)最高級(jí)使用注意事項(xiàng)a匕較應(yīng)在同類事物之間進(jìn)行。誤： Your English is better than me.IE： Your E

22、nglish is better than mine8匕較級(jí)前可以有一個(gè)表示程度的狀語，最常見的三大修飾詞是：a little, much, even 。以下單詞也可用來修飾：any, far, st訂1, a lot, yet, rather。My sister is a little taller than me.Their house is much larger than ours另外，名詞短語也可修飾比較級(jí)，說明程度。I m three years older than he.特別提醒：very, quite, too不可修飾比較級(jí)。0免重復(fù)使用比較級(jí)。誤： He is more k

23、inder to small animals than I.IE： He is much kinder to small animals than I.誤： He is more cleverer than his brother正： He is cleverer than his brother01匕較要符合邏輯，在同一范圍內(nèi)比較時(shí)，避免將主語含在比較對(duì)象中，這時(shí)需使用other來排除自身。誤： China is larger that any country in Asia正： China is larger than any other country in Asia誤： John st

24、udies harder than any student in his class正： John studies harder than any other student in his classIE： John studies harder than any of the other students in his classIE： John studies harder than anyone else in his classa匕較要遵循前后一致的原則，注意前后呼應(yīng)。The population of Shanghai is larger than that of BeijingIt

25、 is easier to make a plan than to carry it outn；數(shù)詞通常只修飾最高級(jí)。Africa is the second largest continentThe Yellow River is the second longest river in ChinaThis is the third most popular song of Michael Jackson.為避免重復(fù)，我們通常用that, those, one, ones代替前面出現(xiàn)的名詞。that代替可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)和不可數(shù)名詞，those代替可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)。one既可指人乂可指物，只能代替可數(shù)名詞。The weather in China is different from that in AmericaThe book on the table is more interesting than that(或 the one)on the desk.A box made of steel is stronger than one made of wood誤： In winter, the weather of Beijing is colder than it of Shanghai正： In winter, the w