中遠(yuǎn)提單背面條款中英對(duì)照完整版

1、中遠(yuǎn)集提單背面條款(中英對(duì)照完整版)1. DEFINITIONS Carrier means COSCO container lines company limited. Merchant includes the consignor, the shipper, the receiver, the consignee, the owner of the Goods, the lawful holder or endorsee of this Bill of Lading, or any other person having any present or future interest in

2、the Goods or this Bill of Lading, or anyone authorized to act on behalf of any of the foregoing. Vessel, where the context so admits, includes the Vessel named in Box 6 of this Bill of Lading or any substitute therefor, and any feeder vessel, lighter or barge used by or on behalf of the Carrier in c

3、onnection with any seaborne leg of the carriage. Sub-contractor includes owners and operators of vessels (other than the Carrier), stevedores, terminal, warehouse, depot and groupage operators, road and rail transport operators and any independent contractor employed by the Carrier in the performanc

4、e of the carriage and any sub-sub-contractor thereof. The expression Sub-contractor shall include direct and indirect Sub-contractors and their respective servants, agents or Sub-contractors. Goods means the whole or any part of the cargo received from the Merchant and includes any Container not sup

5、plied by or on behalf of the Carrier. Package means each Container which is stuffed and sealed by or on behalf of the Merchant, and not the items packed in such Container if the number of such items is not indicated on the front of this Bill of Lading or is indicated by the terms such as Said to Con

6、tain or similar expressions. Shipping Unit means any physical unit of cargo not shipped in a package, including machinery, vehicles and boats, except goods shipped in bulk. Container includes any Container, open top, trailer, transportable tank, flat rack, platform, pallet, and any other equipment o

7、r device used for or in connection with the transportation of the Goods.1. DEFINITIONS 定義“承運(yùn)人”（CARRIER）是指“中遠(yuǎn)集運(yùn)”，即中遠(yuǎn)集裝箱運(yùn)輸有限公司?！柏浄健保∕ERCHANT）包括發(fā)貨人、托運(yùn)人、收貨人、受貨人、貨主、本提單的合法持有人或被背書人，或與貨物或本提單具有現(xiàn)時(shí)或未來利益關(guān)系的任何人，或被授權(quán)代表前述任何一方行事的任何人。“船舶”按有關(guān)上下文情況，包括本提單第6欄所列船舶或其替代船舶，以及承運(yùn)人或代表承運(yùn)人于全部運(yùn)程中的海運(yùn)階段所使用的任何支線船或駁船?！胺至⑵跫s人”（SUB-CON

8、TRACTOR）包括（除承運(yùn)人以外的）船舶所有人及經(jīng)營(yíng)人，裝卸工人，碼頭、倉(cāng)庫(kù)、集裝箱儲(chǔ)運(yùn)站經(jīng)營(yíng)人及拼箱經(jīng)營(yíng)人，公路及鐵路運(yùn)輸經(jīng)營(yíng)人，及承運(yùn)人雇傭的用以進(jìn)行運(yùn)輸?shù)娜魏为?dú)立訂約人，以及其小分立契約人（SUB-SUB-CONTRACTOR）。分立契約人一詞應(yīng)包括直接及間接分立契約人及其各自的受雇人、代理人或分立契約人?！柏浳铩保℅OODS）是指自貨方收到的全部貨物或其任何部分，并包括非由承運(yùn)人或其代表提供的任何集裝箱?！凹笔侵赣韶浄交蚱浯硌b載并鉛封的每一集裝箱，而不是在集裝箱中所裝的貨物件數(shù)，如果此項(xiàng)件數(shù)未在本提單正面列明，或者是用“據(jù)稱內(nèi)裝”或類似詞句列明。“裝運(yùn)單位”（SHIPPING U

9、NIT）是指未以包件運(yùn)輸?shù)娜魏我粋€(gè)具體單位的貨物，包括機(jī)械、車輛及船只，但散裝貨物除外?！凹b箱”（CONTAINER）包括任何集裝箱，如開頂集裝箱、拖車、可運(yùn)油罐、框架箱、平板箱、貨盤，以及為運(yùn)輸貨物而使用的任何其他設(shè)備或設(shè)施。本條作為定義條款，用以說明、規(guī)定本提單條款中經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)的一些名詞，以便明確在為提單所證明或構(gòu)成的運(yùn)輸合同中所代表的概念、避免理解上的差異。有關(guān)承運(yùn)人的定義與提單正面的抬頭和承運(yùn)人簽單部位的落款相對(duì)應(yīng)，符合跟單信用證統(tǒng)一慣例500對(duì)提單簽發(fā)的要求。本提單所構(gòu)成或證明運(yùn)輸合同中的承運(yùn)人僅指中遠(yuǎn)集運(yùn)、而非任何其他相關(guān)的契約承運(yùn)人、實(shí)際承運(yùn)人，這樣避免了當(dāng)存在幾個(gè)運(yùn)輸合同時(shí)發(fā)生

10、混淆。另外還應(yīng)指出的是承運(yùn)人被定義為中遠(yuǎn)集運(yùn)（COSCO CONTAINER LINES.），雖然中遠(yuǎn)集裝箱運(yùn)輸有限公司的英文正式名稱為COSCO CONTAINER LINES COMPANY LIMITED, 但是我們這里僅使用其商業(yè)名稱(TRADE NAME)。關(guān)于貨方的定義將發(fā)貨人、托運(yùn)人、收貨人、受貨人、貨主、本提單的合法持有人或受背書人，或與貨物或本提單具有現(xiàn)時(shí)或未來利益關(guān)系的任何人，或被授權(quán)代表前述任何一方行事的任何人納入運(yùn)輸合同中與承運(yùn)人相對(duì)應(yīng)的貨方，符合提單流轉(zhuǎn)的需要，保護(hù)了船貨雙方共同的權(quán)益，便于雙方根據(jù)運(yùn)輸合同解決糾紛。關(guān)于件的定義是與提單正面的不知條款相對(duì)應(yīng)的，同時(shí)也是

11、為適應(yīng)海商法有關(guān)承運(yùn)人單件責(zé)任限制規(guī)定的需要。即除非提單上已顯示了貨物件數(shù)或者表明了“據(jù)稱內(nèi)裝”等類似詞句，否則由貨方裝箱的一個(gè)集裝箱將作為一件計(jì)算，這是因?yàn)槌羞\(yùn)人在接受整箱貨時(shí)是無法核實(shí)貨物件數(shù)，同時(shí)整箱貨的運(yùn)費(fèi)比拼箱貨按件數(shù)、重量、體積等單位計(jì)收的運(yùn)費(fèi)低廉。*本條款中各項(xiàng)定義也適用于條款注釋中出現(xiàn)的相關(guān)名詞。2. CARRIERS TARIFF The terms of the Carriers applicable Tariff and other requirements regarding charges are incorporated into this Bill of Ladi

12、ng. Particular attention is drawn to the terms contained therein, including, but not limited to, free storage time, Container and vehicle demurrage,etc. Copies of the relevant provisions of the applicable Tariff are obtainable from the Carrier or his agents upon request. In case of any inconsistency

13、 between this Bill of Lading and the applicable Tariff, this Bill of Lading shall prevail. 2. CARRIERS TARIFF 承運(yùn)人的運(yùn)價(jià)本承運(yùn)人所使用的運(yùn)價(jià)本中的條款以及有關(guān)費(fèi)收的其他要求等項(xiàng)，已被載入本提單。請(qǐng)?zhí)貏e注意運(yùn)價(jià)本中所載各項(xiàng)條款，包括但不限于免費(fèi)堆存期、集裝箱及車輛滯留期等。使用的運(yùn)價(jià)本的有關(guān)條款，可向承運(yùn)人或其代理人索取。如本提單與所用運(yùn)價(jià)本之間有不一致之處，應(yīng)以本提單為準(zhǔn)。本條是用以說明承運(yùn)人運(yùn)價(jià)本的作用。提單正面、背面條款內(nèi)容雖然十分豐富，但畢竟是固定的格式，不可能經(jīng)常更改；而且運(yùn)

14、輸合同項(xiàng)下各項(xiàng)費(fèi)用的收取，結(jié)算的依據(jù)往往要與具體港口的特殊要求相對(duì)應(yīng)，或者隨著市場(chǎng)的變化而變化，所以承運(yùn)人用運(yùn)價(jià)本的形式對(duì)此作出規(guī)定。根據(jù)本條款將運(yùn)價(jià)本中的條款并入提單并約束運(yùn)輸合同的各方。3. SUB-CONTRACTING, INDEMNITY AND CERTAIN DEFENSES, EXEMPTIONS AND LIMITATIONS (1) The Carrier shall have the right at any time and on any terms whatsoever to sub-contract the whole or any part of the carr

15、iage with any Sub-contractor and/or to substitute any other vessel or means of transport for the Vessel. (2) The Merchant undertakes that no claim or legal action whatsoever shall be made or brought against any person by whom the carriage is performed or undertaken (including, but not limited to, th

16、e Carriers servants, agents or Sub-contractors), other than the Carrier, which imposes or attempts to impose upon any such person, or any vessel owned or operated by such person, any liability whatsoever in connection with the Goods or the carriage thereof whether or not arising out of negligence on

17、 the part of such person. Should any such claim or legal action nevertheless be made or brought, the Merchant undertakes to indemnify the Carrier against all consequences thereof including legal expenses on a full indemnity basis. Without prejudice to the foregoing, every such person or vessel, incl

18、uding, but not limited to, the Carriers servants, agents, or Sub-contractors as defined in Clause 1 above, shall have the benefit of every exemption, defense and limitation herein contained applicable to the Carrier, in contract or in tort, as if such provision were expressly contracted for its bene

19、fit, and, in entering into this contract, the Carrier, to the extent of such exemptions, defenses and limitations, does so not only on its behalf, but also as an agent and trustee for such person or vessel. 3. SUB-CONTRACTING, INDEMNITY AND CERTAIN DEFENSES, EXEMPTIONS AND LIMITATIONS分立契約、賠償以及抗辯、免除事

20、項(xiàng)及責(zé)任限制 (1)承運(yùn)人有權(quán)在任何時(shí)間以任何條件將運(yùn)輸?shù)娜炕蚱淙魏尾糠滞魏畏至⑵跫s人訂立分立契約，并（或）以任何其他船舶或運(yùn)輸工具代替本船。貨方保證，不向承運(yùn)人以外的由其履行或承辦運(yùn)輸?shù)娜魏稳耍òǖ幌抻诔羞\(yùn)人的受雇人、代理人或分立契約人）就貨物或貨物運(yùn)輸一事而提起向其或其所擁有或經(jīng)營(yíng)的任何船舶加諸或意欲加諸任何責(zé)任的索賠或任何法律訴訟，不論此項(xiàng)責(zé)任是否由于此種人的疏忽而引起。如果，即使如此，此項(xiàng)索賠或法律訴訟仍被提起，則貨方保證就由此引起的后果包括法律費(fèi)用，全部賠償承運(yùn)人。在不防礙上述規(guī)定的情況下，上述第(1)款所述每一個(gè)人或船舶，包括但不限于承運(yùn)人的受雇人、代理人或分立契約人，都應(yīng)

21、享有本提單所載適用于承運(yùn)人的在涉及合同或侵權(quán)事件中的每一免除事項(xiàng)、抗辯及責(zé)任限制，猶如此種條款已為其利益而明文規(guī)定，而且在訂立本提單時(shí)，就上述免除事項(xiàng)、抗辯及責(zé)任限制而言，承運(yùn)人不僅代表其本身，而且也是作為上述的人或船舶的代理人或受托人.本條就是通常所說的喜馬拉雅條款， 是提單必須包括的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)條款，其效力也已為海商法、海牙-維斯比規(guī)則確認(rèn)。本條款主要說明承運(yùn)人的雇傭人在代表承運(yùn)人履行承運(yùn)人的部分或全部義務(wù)時(shí)同樣受提單條款的約束和保護(hù)。由于索賠方與承運(yùn)人的雇傭人或代理人沒有合同關(guān)系，所以索賠方往往會(huì)繞過運(yùn)輸合同直接向第三人提起侵權(quán)之訴。本條的訂立就是為了防止這種情況的發(fā)生，使得承運(yùn)人的雇傭人或代理

22、人同樣可以享受承運(yùn)人根據(jù)提單背面條款所享受到免除事項(xiàng)、抗辯及責(zé)任限制，例如提單上標(biāo)明是一件機(jī)器設(shè)備，貨物在港口裝卸時(shí)受到損害，根據(jù)海商法承運(yùn)人可以享受責(zé)任限制同樣可以適用于港口裝卸人。1968年的海牙維斯比規(guī)則已經(jīng)吸收這樣的規(guī)定，我國(guó)海商法也是作了相同的規(guī)定。4. CARRIERS RESPONSIBILITY (1) Port to Port Shipment If boxes 6, 7 and 8 but not boxes 4,5and 9 are filled in on the front of this Bill of Lading, this Bill of Lading is

23、a Port-to-Port contract. The Carrier shall be responsible for the Goods as Carrier from the time when the Goods are received by the Carrier at the Port of Loading until the time of delivery thereof at the port of discharge to the Merchant or to the Authority as required by local laws or regulations,

24、 whichever occurs earlier. (2) Combined Transport If Box 4, Box 5 and/or Box 9 are filled in on the front of this Bill of Lading and the place(s) or port(s) indicated therein is/are place(s) or port(s) other than that indicated in Box 7 and Box 8 and Freight is paid for combined transport, this Bill

25、 of Lading is a combined transport contract. The Carrier undertakes to arrange or procure the pre-carriage and/or on-carriage segments of the combined transport. All claims arising from the combined transport carriage must be filed with the Carrier within 9 months after the delivery of the Goods or

26、the date when the Goods should have been delivered, failing which the Carrier shall be discharged from all liabilities whatsoever in respect of the Goods. If any payment is made by the Carrier to the Merchant in respect of any claim arising from the combined transport carriage, the Carrier shall be

27、automatically subrogated to or given all rights of the Merchant against all others including pre-carrier or on-carrier or Sub-contractor on account of such loss or damage. Nothing herein contained shall be deemed a waiver of any rights that the Carrier may have against a pre-carrier or on-carrier or

28、 Sub-contractor for indemnity or otherwise. 4. CARRIERS RESPONSIBILITY 承運(yùn)人的責(zé)任(1)港到港運(yùn)輸 如果填注本提單正面第6、7、8欄，而不填注第4、5、9欄，本提單便是港到港契約。承運(yùn)人應(yīng)自其在裝貨港收到貨物之時(shí)起即作為承運(yùn)人而對(duì)貨物負(fù)責(zé)，直至在卸貨港將貨物交與貨方或按當(dāng)?shù)胤苫蛞?guī)章要求交與有關(guān)當(dāng)局之時(shí)為止，二者之中以先發(fā)生者為準(zhǔn)。(2)聯(lián)合運(yùn)輸 如果填注本提單正面的第4、第5及（或）第9欄，而且該欄中所述地點(diǎn)或港口乃是除第7欄及第8欄所列者以外的地點(diǎn)或港口，并已就聯(lián)合運(yùn)輸支付運(yùn)費(fèi)，本提單便是聯(lián)合運(yùn)輸提單。承運(yùn)人負(fù)責(zé)安排或

29、組織落實(shí)聯(lián)合運(yùn)輸中的前一程運(yùn)輸以及（或）續(xù)程運(yùn)輸。所有由于聯(lián)合運(yùn)輸而引起的索賠必須在交付貨物之日或應(yīng)當(dāng)交付貨物之日之后九個(gè)月內(nèi)向承運(yùn)人提出，否則承運(yùn)人便應(yīng)被解除其關(guān)于貨物的任何責(zé)任。如果承運(yùn)人已就因聯(lián)合運(yùn)輸而引起的任何索賠向貨方支付任何款項(xiàng)，承運(yùn)人便應(yīng)自然而然地以代位關(guān)系而取得或被賦予貨方針對(duì)所有其他人包括前一程承運(yùn)人或續(xù)程承運(yùn)人或分立契約人就此項(xiàng)滅失或損害而享有的權(quán)利。本款所載任何規(guī)定都不得視為承運(yùn)人針對(duì)前一程承運(yùn)人或續(xù)程承運(yùn)人或分立契約人就賠償或其他事項(xiàng)所享有的任何權(quán)利的放棄。本條第1款和下文第22條第4款都提到將貨物交付給除提單的合法持有人以外的港口當(dāng)局的情況，這一規(guī)定是考慮到某些地區(qū)例

30、如南美部分國(guó)家由海關(guān)負(fù)責(zé)放貨的慣例。本條第二款實(shí)際上涵蓋了兩種情況，即水水聯(lián)運(yùn)和多式聯(lián)運(yùn)。本款確定了多式聯(lián)運(yùn)下九個(gè)月的索賠時(shí)效，即索賠應(yīng)當(dāng)在貨物交付后9個(gè)月內(nèi)向承運(yùn)人提出，否則承運(yùn)人便被免除任何有關(guān)貨物的責(zé)任，這一規(guī)定的目的僅僅是為適應(yīng)某些國(guó)家關(guān)于內(nèi)陸承運(yùn)人9個(gè)月的責(zé)任期限，比如美國(guó)Carmack Amendments of the United States Interstate Commerce Act規(guī)定: 內(nèi)陸承運(yùn)人的責(zé)任期限是九個(gè)月，而絕非要降低海商法中規(guī)定的海上貨物運(yùn)輸索賠的1年訟時(shí)效的規(guī)定。在實(shí)踐中往往要根據(jù)多式聯(lián)運(yùn)中的損失發(fā)生區(qū)段來作具體分析，比如損失發(fā)生在海運(yùn)段或不能確定則還

31、是應(yīng)當(dāng)適用1年的時(shí)效。本條款規(guī)定了不同運(yùn)輸方式下承運(yùn)人對(duì)貨物的責(zé)任期間，與提單正面關(guān)于運(yùn)輸開始和結(jié)束地點(diǎn)的欄目相對(duì)應(yīng)，使得本提單既可以作為海運(yùn)提單應(yīng)用于傳統(tǒng)的港到港運(yùn)輸，也可以作為多式聯(lián)運(yùn)提單應(yīng)用于多式聯(lián)運(yùn)運(yùn)輸?？偟膩碇v，承運(yùn)人對(duì)于貨物的責(zé)任期間都是由承運(yùn)人接收貨物時(shí)開始到交付貨物時(shí)為止的承運(yùn)人掌管貨物的期間，這是與海商法關(guān)于集裝箱貨物的責(zé)任期間的規(guī)定相一致的。5. NOTICE OF CLAIM AND TIME BAR (1) Unless notice of loss or damage is given in writing to the Carriers agent at the P

32、ort of Discharge or Place of Delivery before or on the date of delivery of the Goods, or if loss or damage is not apparent, within 15 consecutive days thereafter, such delivery shall be prima facie evidence of the delivery of the Goods by the Carrier and/or on-carrier in the order and condition desc

33、ribed in this Bill of Lading. (2) The Carrier, its servants, agents and Sub-contractors shall be discharged from all liabilities whatsoever unless suit is brought within one year after the delivery of the Goods or the date when the Goods should have been delivered.5. NOTICE OF CLAIM AND TIME BAR 索賠通

34、知及時(shí)效(1)除非已在卸貨港或交貨地點(diǎn)于交貨之日以前或交貨之日向承運(yùn)人的代理人提出關(guān)于滅失或損害的書面通知，或在滅失或損害不明顯時(shí)，在交貨之日以后15個(gè)連續(xù)日之內(nèi)提出上述書面通知，此項(xiàng)交付便應(yīng)是承運(yùn)人及（或）續(xù)程承運(yùn)人按本提單所述狀況及條件交付貨物的初步證據(jù)。(2)除在交付貨物或應(yīng)交付貨物之日起一年之內(nèi)提起訴訟，承運(yùn)人、其受雇人、代理人及分立契約人便應(yīng)被解除一切責(zé)任。本條依照海商法規(guī)定了貨物滅失或損害時(shí)貨方向承運(yùn)人提出索賠的方式及時(shí)效。第一款實(shí)際上是強(qiáng)調(diào)了當(dāng)貨方在提取貨物時(shí)未提出貨物滅失或損壞通知時(shí)，則是承運(yùn)人已完好交付貨物的初步證據(jù)；對(duì)于貨物損壞不明顯時(shí)，則要求貨物應(yīng)在交付后連續(xù)15天內(nèi)向承

35、運(yùn)人提出書面通知，否則同樣作為承運(yùn)人已完好交付貨物的初步證據(jù)。所謂初步證據(jù)就是指承運(yùn)人交付貨物、貨方未提出異議，初步表明已承運(yùn)人已完好地履行了運(yùn)輸合同的義務(wù)，除非貨方可以提出更加充分有力的相反證據(jù)以證明承運(yùn)人應(yīng)當(dāng)對(duì)貨物的滅失或損害承擔(dān)責(zé)任，否則承運(yùn)人不承擔(dān)任何責(zé)任。這從本質(zhì)上講是一個(gè)舉證責(zé)任移轉(zhuǎn)的問題，即當(dāng)承運(yùn)人以完好交付貨物的初步證據(jù)進(jìn)行抗辯時(shí)，貨方就對(duì)貨物的滅失或損害負(fù)有了更加嚴(yán)格的舉證責(zé)任。這種規(guī)定實(shí)際上是為了船貨雙方的共同利益考慮的，只有及時(shí)提出問題，才能及時(shí)收集到翔實(shí)充分的客觀證據(jù)。另外還應(yīng)指出的是海商法第82條規(guī)定貨方對(duì)于遲延交付的索賠應(yīng)當(dāng)在貨物交付60日內(nèi)提出，否則承運(yùn)人不負(fù)任何

36、賠償責(zé)任，這里的60日未提出索賠是絕對(duì)的證據(jù)，日后提出的任何相反的證據(jù)都不足以證明承運(yùn)人對(duì)遲延交付應(yīng)當(dāng)承擔(dān)責(zé)任。本條第二款規(guī)定了訴訟時(shí)效，本提單適用海商法關(guān)于海上貨物運(yùn)輸合同訴訟時(shí)效為一年的規(guī)定，超過訴訟時(shí)效貨方向承運(yùn)人提起的訴訟就喪失了勝訴權(quán)，訴訟時(shí)效的起算是由承運(yùn)人交付貨物或應(yīng)當(dāng)交付貨物的時(shí)間開始。當(dāng)然在一些情況下時(shí)效也會(huì)中斷或延展，需要特別指出的是依照海商法第267條的規(guī)定，這里的1年訴訟時(shí)效不會(huì)因貨方僅僅提出請(qǐng)求而中斷。貨方如果沒有在一年中解決與承運(yùn)人的貨物運(yùn)輸糾紛的話，他只有在這一年內(nèi)通過提起訴訟等手段才可能中斷訴訟時(shí)效。1年的訴訟時(shí)效與一般民法的規(guī)定相比起來是屬于短期時(shí)效，為大家的

37、共同利益考慮，各相關(guān)方應(yīng)積極收集證據(jù)，提早調(diào)查，這樣也便于向最終有關(guān)責(zé)任方進(jìn)行追償。6. LOSS OR DAMAGE (1) The terms of this Bill of Lading shall at all times govern all responsibilities of the Carrier in connection with or arising out of the carriage of the Goods not only during the carriage, but also during the period prior to and/or subse

38、quent to the carriage. The exemptions from liability, defenses and limitation of liability provided for herein or otherwise shall apply in any action against the Carrier for loss or damage or delay, howsoever occurring and whether the action be founded in contract or in tort and even if the loss, da

39、mage or delay arose as a result of unseaworthiness, negligence or fundamental breach of contract. Save as is otherwise provided herein, the Carrier shall in no circumstances whatsoever and howsoever arising be liable for direct or indirect or consequential loss or damage or loss of profits. (2) The

40、Carrier does not undertake that the Goods will be transported from or loaded at the place of receipt or loading or will arrive at the place of discharge, destination or transshipment aboard any particular vessel or other conveyance at any particular date or time or to meet any particular market or i

41、n time for any particular use. Scheduled or advertised departure and arrival times are only expected times and may be advanced or delayed if the Carrier shall find it necessary, prudent or convenient. The Carrier shall in no circumstances whatsoever and howsoever arising be liable for direct, indire

42、ct or consequential loss or damage caused by delay. (3) If the stage of the combined transport during which loss or damage occurred can be determined, the liability of the Carrier shall be governed by the national law(s) and/or international convention(s) applicable thereto. If the stage of the comb

43、ined transport during which loss or damage occurred cannot be determined, the Merchant and the Carrier agree that it shall be deemed that the loss or damage occurred aboard the Carriers Vessel. In either case, clauses 5(2) and 7 shall apply.6. LOSS OR DAMAGE 滅失或損害(1)本提單的條款應(yīng)在所有時(shí)間都對(duì)承運(yùn)人就其因運(yùn)輸貨物而產(chǎn)生的責(zé)任加以管

44、轄，不僅在運(yùn)輸期間，而且在運(yùn)輸之前及運(yùn)輸之后，都是如此。本提單所載或其他關(guān)于免除責(zé)任、抗辯及責(zé)任限制等項(xiàng)，都應(yīng)在就滅失、損害或延誤事件而向承運(yùn)人提起的任何訴訟中適用，而且不論該項(xiàng)訴訟是基于合同糾紛或侵權(quán)行為而提起，即使此項(xiàng)滅失、損害或延誤乃是由于不適航、疏忽或根本違約而產(chǎn)生亦然。除本提單中另有規(guī)定外，承運(yùn)人不論在任何情況下亦不論其產(chǎn)生原因?yàn)楹?，?duì)因延誤造成的直接、間接或隨之發(fā)生的滅失或損害或利潤(rùn)損失，概不承擔(dān)責(zé)任。(2)承運(yùn)人不保證，貨物在某一特定日期或時(shí)間，也不保證為滿足某一特定市場(chǎng)，或?yàn)槟骋惶囟ㄓ猛径越迂浕蜓b運(yùn)地點(diǎn)起運(yùn)，準(zhǔn)時(shí)運(yùn)抵卸貨地點(diǎn)、目的地或轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)到某一特定船舶或其他運(yùn)輸工具上。船期表

45、上或廣告上的離港及抵港時(shí)間只是預(yù)計(jì)時(shí)間，如果承運(yùn)人認(rèn)為必要，為慎重或便利起見，可將該時(shí)間提前或拖后。承運(yùn)人在任何情況下，不論是如何發(fā)生，對(duì)因延誤造成的直接、間接或隨之發(fā)生的滅失或損害概不負(fù)責(zé)。(3)如果能對(duì)聯(lián)合運(yùn)輸過程中發(fā)生滅失或損害所屬階段加以判明，承運(yùn)人的責(zé)任便應(yīng)適用該階段的國(guó)內(nèi)法或國(guó)際公約。如果在聯(lián)合運(yùn)輸過程中發(fā)生滅失或損害的階段無法判明，則貨方與承運(yùn)人商定，應(yīng)將此項(xiàng)滅失或損害視為發(fā)生在承運(yùn)人的船上。無論屬于上述何種情況，均應(yīng)適用第5條(2)款及第7條中的規(guī)定。第一款有了兩方面的含義。首先是強(qiáng)調(diào)了提單條款在任何情況下均適用于由本提單構(gòu)成或證明的運(yùn)輸合同，本提單中包涵的條款作為約定條款對(duì)船

46、貨雙方都是有約束力的，并且再次強(qiáng)調(diào)不論是合同之訴還是侵權(quán)之訴都應(yīng)依據(jù)本提單條款中的規(guī)定。其次依照海商法規(guī)定了承運(yùn)人對(duì)未經(jīng)約定的遲延交付造成的損失是不負(fù)賠償責(zé)任的，按照海商法只有在船貨雙方事先對(duì)承運(yùn)期作了明確的約定而承運(yùn)人也確實(shí)違約時(shí)，承運(yùn)人才會(huì)對(duì)可預(yù)見的損失負(fù)責(zé)，并且這種賠償也是以運(yùn)費(fèi)為限的。本款的規(guī)定正是以此為根據(jù)作了細(xì)化的規(guī)定。第二款是強(qiáng)調(diào)船期表上公布的船期并不構(gòu)成法律上的承諾。我們印制的船期中都有明確聲明“本船期表僅作參考” ，在本款中也特別指出“船期表上或廣告上的離港及抵港時(shí)間只是預(yù)計(jì)時(shí)間，可將該時(shí)間提前或拖后?！?。為客戶提供最優(yōu)質(zhì)的服務(wù)始終是我們追求的目標(biāo)，但海運(yùn)中的確存在許多人力不

47、可抗拒和控制的因素，例如惡劣的自然條件、戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)的爆發(fā)等，在這種條件下要作到準(zhǔn)班率100%確實(shí)是十分困難的。按照民商法的原理，船期表的公告實(shí)際上只是構(gòu)成了一種要因，對(duì)船貨雙方并不具有合同的約束力。如果貨方因貿(mào)易的需要確實(shí)要保證船期，這就需要貨方與承運(yùn)人進(jìn)行明確約定，倘若承運(yùn)人違反約定，承運(yùn)人當(dāng)然會(huì)依遲延交付的規(guī)定承擔(dān)責(zé)任。第三款是針對(duì)于多式聯(lián)運(yùn)情況下承運(yùn)人的責(zé)任的規(guī)定，體現(xiàn)了國(guó)際上通行的多式聯(lián)運(yùn)經(jīng)營(yíng)人的“網(wǎng)狀責(zé)任制”的制度，同時(shí)還規(guī)定了在損失不能確定是發(fā)生在哪個(gè)區(qū)段時(shí)適用海運(yùn)的法律、慣例規(guī)范責(zé)任，這都是與海商法的規(guī)定保持一致的。之所以在貨物滅失或損壞發(fā)生區(qū)段不能確定時(shí)就適用國(guó)際海運(yùn)段關(guān)于承運(yùn)人的賠

48、償責(zé)任和責(zé)任限制，是因?yàn)橐环矫鎳?guó)際海運(yùn)段的規(guī)定還是比較公允的，另一方面國(guó)際海運(yùn)段的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)較高又在運(yùn)輸中是主要區(qū)段。本條款就由本提單所構(gòu)成或證明的運(yùn)輸合同中承運(yùn)人責(zé)任問題作了進(jìn)一步的規(guī)定。海運(yùn)一直是一個(gè)高風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的行業(yè)，同時(shí)又在國(guó)際商貿(mào)中起十分重要的作用，而且班輪承運(yùn)人是帶有公共運(yùn)輸性質(zhì)的承運(yùn)人，除了受到自然環(huán)境，技術(shù)水平等因素的限制外，還會(huì)有法律，習(xí)慣等諸多社會(huì)環(huán)境的影響，所以為了促進(jìn)和鼓勵(lì)海運(yùn)的健康發(fā)展，國(guó)際上及各國(guó)的法律法規(guī)基本上都對(duì)承運(yùn)人的合法權(quán)益給予一定的保護(hù)。本條各款都是遵循海商法有關(guān)承運(yùn)人的最低限責(zé)任和義務(wù)的規(guī)定而制定的。7. LIMITATION OF LIABILITY (1) Ex

49、cept as provided for in Clause 7(2), this Bill of Lading shall be subject to the provisions of the Maritime Code of the Peoples Republic of China as provided for in Clause 26(1). Neither the Carrier, its servants, agents, Sub-contractors nor the Vessel shall in any event be liable for any loss or da

50、mage to the Goods in any amount exceeding the limits per package or unit prescribed by that Code, unless the nature and value of the Goods have been declared by the Merchant before shipment and inserted in this Bill of Lading (Box 10) and the Merchant has paid additional Freight on such declared val

51、ue. (2) Where carriage includes carriage to or from or through a port or place in the United States of America, this Bill of Lading shall be subject to the provisions of the United States Carriage of Goods by Sea Act, 1936 (US COGSA) and any amendments thereto, as provided for in Clause 26(2) hereof

52、. In such event, neither the Carriers nor its servants, agents, Sub-contractors and/or the Vessel shall in any event be liable for any loss of or damage to the Goods in an amount exceeding the limits per package or unit prescribed by US COGSA, unless the nature and value of the Goods have been decla

53、red by the Merchant before shipment and inserted in this Bill of Lading (Box 10) and the Merchant has paid additional Freight on such declared value. (3) If a legal regime other than the Maritime Code of the Peoples Republic of China or US COGSA is compulsorily applied to this Bill of Lading, the li

54、ability of the Carrier, if any, shall not exceed the limits per Package or Shipping Unit prescribed therein, unless the nature and value of the Goods have been declared by the Merchant and inserted in this Bill of Lading (Box 10) and the Merchant has paid additional Freight on such declared value. (

55、4) For the purpose of this Clause 7, the declared value shall be the basis for calculating the Carriers liability, if any, provided that such declared value shall not be conclusive on the Carrier, and further provided that such declared value does not exceed the true value of the Goods at destinatio

56、n. Any partial loss or damage shall be adjusted pro-rata on the basis of such declared value.7. LIMITATION OF LIABILITY(1)除第7(2)款另有規(guī)定外，本提單應(yīng)受第26(1)款中所述中華人民共和國(guó)海商法管轄。從而，無論是承運(yùn)人、其受雇人、代理人、分立契約人及（或）船舶，在任何情況下對(duì)超出該法規(guī)定的每件或每單位賠償限度的任何數(shù)額，概不負(fù)賠償責(zé)任，除非已由貨方將貨物的性質(zhì)及價(jià)值于裝運(yùn)前加以申報(bào)，并已載入提單（第10欄），而且貨方已就此項(xiàng)申報(bào)的價(jià)值加付運(yùn)費(fèi)。(2)如有關(guān)運(yùn)輸包括駛往、

57、來自或經(jīng)過美利堅(jiān)合眾國(guó)某一港口或地點(diǎn)的運(yùn)輸，本提單便應(yīng)受其第26(2)款中所述1936年美國(guó)海上貨物運(yùn)輸法（US COGSA）及其修訂條款的約束。無論是承運(yùn)人、其受雇人、代理人、分立契約人及（或）船舶，在任何情況下，對(duì)超出美國(guó)海上貨物運(yùn)輸法中規(guī)定的每件或每單位賠償限度的任何數(shù)額，都不負(fù)責(zé)，除非貨方已在裝運(yùn)前將貨物性質(zhì)及價(jià)值加以申報(bào)并已載入本提單（第10欄），而且貨方已就此項(xiàng)申報(bào)價(jià)值加付運(yùn)費(fèi)。 (3)如已將除中華人民共和國(guó)海商法及美國(guó)海上貨物運(yùn)輸法以外的法律強(qiáng)制適用于本提單，承運(yùn)人的責(zé)任便不得超出該法規(guī)定的每件或每單位的賠償限額，除非該貨物的性質(zhì)及價(jià)值已由貨方加以申報(bào)并已載入提單（第10欄），而

58、且貨方已就此項(xiàng)申報(bào)價(jià)值加付運(yùn)費(fèi)。(4)就本條款而言，申報(bào)價(jià)值應(yīng)為計(jì)算承運(yùn)人責(zé)任的基礎(chǔ)，但此項(xiàng)申報(bào)價(jià)值就承運(yùn)人而言并非終結(jié)性的，而且此項(xiàng)申報(bào)價(jià)值不得超過該貨在目的地的實(shí)際價(jià)值。所有部分滅失或損害均應(yīng)以此項(xiàng)申報(bào)價(jià)值為基礎(chǔ)按比例進(jìn)行調(diào)整。本條規(guī)定了承運(yùn)人對(duì)貨物滅失或損壞的賠償責(zé)任限制，并對(duì)從價(jià)貨作了相應(yīng)規(guī)定。第一款規(guī)定除駛往、來自或經(jīng)過美利堅(jiān)合眾國(guó)某一港口或地點(diǎn)的運(yùn)輸外，承運(yùn)人、其受雇人、代理人、分立契約人及（或）船舶，在任何情況下是依照我國(guó)海商法56條規(guī)定的賠償限額承擔(dān)責(zé)任的，對(duì)此的例外是貨方已將貨物的性質(zhì)及價(jià)值于裝運(yùn)前加以申報(bào)，并已載入提單（第12欄），而且貨方已就此項(xiàng)申報(bào)的價(jià)值加付運(yùn)費(fèi)。我國(guó)海

59、商法規(guī)定承運(yùn)人對(duì)提單上標(biāo)明的每件或每個(gè)貨運(yùn)單位貨物的賠償限額為666.67特別提款權(quán)，每公斤的賠償限額為2個(gè)特別提款權(quán)，兩種計(jì)算方法以賠償限額高者為準(zhǔn)。本條第二款規(guī)定了有關(guān)運(yùn)輸包括駛往、來自或經(jīng)過美利堅(jiān)合眾國(guó)某一港口或地點(diǎn)的運(yùn)輸?shù)那闆r時(shí)，本提單項(xiàng)下的運(yùn)輸合同便應(yīng)受1936年美國(guó)海上貨物運(yùn)輸法（US COGSA1936）及其修訂條款的約束。提單做這樣的規(guī)定是為了提單在涉及美國(guó)的運(yùn)輸時(shí)不違反美國(guó)的法律強(qiáng)行法的規(guī)定，以避免被美國(guó)當(dāng)?shù)胤ㄔ赫J(rèn)定為無效。這樣的條款又稱“地區(qū)條款”（LOCAL CLAUSE），在所有經(jīng)營(yíng)美國(guó)航線的承運(yùn)人的提單條款中要么規(guī)定提單適用美國(guó)1936年海上貨物運(yùn)輸法，要么加入“LOCAL CLAUSE”以保證提單的效力為美國(guó)法院所認(rèn)可。美國(guó)1936年海上貨物運(yùn)輸法所采用的責(zé)任體系與國(guó)際通行的海牙規(guī)則基本相同，其單位賠償責(zé)任限制為每件每單位5