中學(xué)英語定語從句中常見錯誤例析

1、中學(xué)英語定語從句中常見錯誤例析定語從句中常見錯誤例析在使用定語從句過程中 ,有些學(xué)生往往會出現(xiàn)這樣或那樣的錯誤 .為避免這些錯誤,現(xiàn)對一些 常見錯誤作以歸納：1 從句中多余賓語誤 the finger i dipped into the cup was not the one i put it into my mouth. 正 the finger i dipped into the cup was not the one i put into my mouth.上例中,關(guān)系代詞 that 或 which 在定語從句中作賓語,可省去,因此,從句中賓語 it 多余. 2 從句中缺少主語誤 he

2、is the professor gave us a speech yesterday.正 he is the professor who gave us a speech yesterday.關(guān)系代詞 who 或 that 在定語從句中做主語不能省略,否則,句子結(jié)構(gòu)不完整.3 從句中主謂不一致誤i, who is your friend, will try my best to help you.正i, who am your friend, will try my best to help you.定語從句中,關(guān)系代詞做主語時,應(yīng)注意主謂一致,也就是說,根據(jù)先行詞的人稱和數(shù)來確定從 句中謂

3、語動詞的形式.如：-i just spoke to the doctor who is an eye specialist.he was the only one of youngest girls who plays in the band.4 搭配錯誤誤dont talk about such things that you do not understand.正dont talk about such things as you do not understand.在 suchas 結(jié)構(gòu)中,as 所引導(dǎo)的中定語從句時,不能用其它關(guān)系代詞代替,但在 the sameas 結(jié)構(gòu)中,如屬同類則

4、用 as,如: 如 youve made the same mistake as i did ,not changed ,not another or others 作之意時,則需用 that，如 youve made the same mistake that you made last time。5 關(guān)系代詞誤用（1） what 與 that 誤用誤all what she could do was to go back home.正all that she could do was to go back home.what 一詞不能引導(dǎo)定語從句.當(dāng)先行詞是 all 時,應(yīng)用關(guān)系詞 tha

5、t 引導(dǎo)定語從句,另外,有些 復(fù)合不定代詞（如 nothing everything:等）作先行詞,或先行詞受形容詞級、序數(shù)詞等修飾 時,關(guān)系代詞常用 that 而不用 which.如:they asked him to tell them everything that he saw in the factory.（2） who 與 whom 誤用誤the citizens ,most of who were workers ,welcomed the new mayor.正the citizens ,most of whom were workers ,welcomed the new m

6、ayor.關(guān)系代詞緊跟介詞后面引導(dǎo)定詞從句修飾人時用 whom;同樣,關(guān)系代詞緊跟介詞后面引導(dǎo)定 詞從句修飾物時用 which 如:the two things about which marx was not sure were grammar and some of the idioms（3） that 與 which 誤用誤tom s dog, that was very old now, became ill and died,正toms dog, which was very old now , became ill and died非限制定語從句,用關(guān)系代詞 which 引導(dǎo).（4

7、） that 與 who 誤用誤they talked about an hour of things and persons who theyre membered in the school. 正they talked about an hour of things and persons that theyre membered in the school.先行詞在多個,且既是人又是物時,要用關(guān)系代詞 that 引導(dǎo)定詞從句6 關(guān)系代詞與關(guān)系副詞混淆誤ive been to the city where you visited last week.正ive been to the cit

8、y that you visited last week定詞從句修飾代表地點(diǎn)、時問的先行詞時,要看代表先行詞的關(guān)系詞在定語從句中是否作謂語 動詞的賓語.如作動詞的賓語,就要用關(guān)系代詞 that 或 which 引導(dǎo)定語從句.反之,要用關(guān)系 副詞 where（表地點(diǎn)）或 when（表時間）,在定語從句中作狀語.如:mary would never forget the evening when she lost the beautiful necklace7 先行詞混淆誤is this museum that you visited the other day?正is this museum t

9、he one you visited the other day?該例中 this museum 為主語,并非先行詞.照句子結(jié)構(gòu)缺少表語 the one,即定語從句所修飾的 先行詞.8 定詞從句與強(qiáng)調(diào)句混淆誤is it in this museum where he works?正is it in this museum that he works?上例為強(qiáng)調(diào)句.需要記住的是,強(qiáng)調(diào)句型為止 it is/was+被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分+that/who不能與定語 從句混淆.9 遺漏介詞誤the person whom i spoke just now is the manager正the person wh

10、om i spoke to just now is the manager.該句的漢語意思是:“剛才和我說話的那個人是經(jīng)理.”根據(jù)句意,定語從句中的關(guān)系代詞 whom 在句子成分上就無處可放,無法解釋.又如:this is the room that we lived last year.應(yīng) 改為:this is the room that we lived in last year（關(guān)系代詞 that 作介詞 in 的賓語, 故不能遺漏）10 錯用先行詞前面的限定詞誤my house which/that i bought last year has a lovely garden befo

11、re it正the house which/that i-bought last year has a lovely garden before it.正my house, which i bought last year, has a lovely garden before it,11 錯用關(guān)系詞.有以下幾種情況:（1）物主代詞 his 不能引導(dǎo)定語從句誤i met tom ,under his arm there was a book .正i met tom ,under whose arm there was a book .（2）應(yīng)該用關(guān)系詞 which 而不用人稱代詞 it .誤h

12、e lived in a house, in front of it stands a tall tree .正 he lived in a house, in front of which stands a tall tree .(3) 應(yīng)該用關(guān)系詞 whom,不應(yīng)該用人稱代詞賓格 them .誤i have two brothers ,all of them are in beijing .正i have two brothers, all of whom are in beijing .備注說明，非正文，實(shí)際使用可刪除如下部分。本內(nèi)容僅給予閱讀編輯指點(diǎn)：1、 本文件由微軟 office

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