2020-2021學(xué)年人教版（2019）高中英語 選擇性必修第二冊學(xué)案： Unit 1 Science and Scientists教學(xué)知識細解碼 Word版含解析(1)

1、1contradict vt.與發(fā)生矛盾，與抵觸contradictory adj.相互矛盾的；對立的；不一致的2infect vt.使感染；傳染infection n感染；傳染3prove vt. 證明；檢驗proof n證據(jù)；證明；檢驗4intervene vi.干涉；干預(yù)intervention n介入；出面；干涉1suspect vt.& vi.懷疑；疑有；不信任 n犯罪嫌疑人；可疑對象 adj.可疑的；不可信的i suspect (that) you once thought otherwise.vt.懷疑two suspects are now being interrogated

2、 in connection with the killing.n.犯罪嫌疑人his reason for being absent is suspect.adj.可疑的2blame vt.把歸咎于；責怪；指責 n責備；指責he bears the blame of his brother.n.責備；指責you can hardly blame peter for being angry with her.vt.責怪；指責whenever something goes wrong，everyone blames it on me.vt.把歸咎于3handle n把手；拉手；柄 vt.處理；搬動

3、；操縱(車輛、動物、工具等)you have to turn the handle and then pull it towards you.n. 把手；拉手a label on the crate read：“handle with care”vt.處理；搬動garden tools can be dangerous if carelessly handled.vt.操縱；使用4link n聯(lián)系；紐帶 vt.把連接起來；相關(guān)聯(lián)the road links all the new towns.vt.把連接起來scientists have established possible links

4、between cancer and diet.n.聯(lián)系the two countries have successfully solved the boundary issue，which now has become a link of friendship between the two peoples.n.紐帶5decrease n減少；降低；減少量 vt. & vi.(使大小、數(shù)量等)減少；減?。唤档蛅he population began to decrease.vi.減少；減小；降低they decreased the size of the group from 25 to 1

5、5.vt.減少；減小；降低there has been some decrease in imports.n.減少；降低words and phrasesonce and for all最終地；徹底地(教材p2)however，he never lost his desire to destroy cholera once and for all. 然而，他從未放棄徹底消滅霍亂的愿望。例1he will explain it fully once and for all.他將把它充分地解釋一次，就此了結(jié)。例2the teacher has warned the student once and

6、 for all.那位老師已斷然警告那個學(xué)生。翻譯我最后一次警告你。如果你不停止糾纏我，你將來會后悔的。im warning you once and for all，if you dont stop disturbing me，youll be regretful.知識拓展all at once突然；同時at once 立刻，馬上once and again 一而再，再三即學(xué)即練單句語法填空we have to resolve this matter once and for all.all at once there was someone knocking on the door.he

7、was punished once and again for telling lies.subscribe vi.認購(股份)；定期訂購；定期交納(會費)(教材p2)snow subscribed to the second theory.斯諾贊同第二種理論。例1he subscribed for 1，000 shares.他認購一千股。例2i subscribed to that magazine.it is put out every week. 我訂閱了那本雜志，它是周刊。翻譯我十分贊同那個觀點。i heartily subscribe to that view知識拓展subscrib

8、e to 同意；贊成；訂閱subscribe.to. 把捐贈給；把簽署在上即學(xué)即練單句語法填空/完成句子in order to improve his daughters english，he subscribed to english weekly.he subscribed his name to the contract.if you subscribe to the newspaper，itll be delivered to your door.如果你訂閱這個報紙，它會給你送貨上門的。小片段填空we applied for subscribing to some magazines

9、useful for our work.the department manager subscribed to it and subscribed his name to the application form.我們申請訂閱幾本對我們的工作有益的雜志，部門經(jīng)理同意了這一請求，并在申請表上簽上了他的名字。(教材p2)snow suspected that the water pump was to blame斯諾懷疑是水泵的問題。(1)suspect vt.& vi.懷疑；疑有；不信任 n犯罪嫌疑人；可疑對象例1i suspect him to know everything about t

10、hat.我猜想那件事他全都知道了。例2she had no reason to suspect that sylvia had not told the truth.她沒有理由懷疑西爾維婭沒說實話。翻譯警察懷疑錢是他偷的。the police suspect him of having taken the money知識拓展suspect sb. of (doing) sth.懷疑某人(做)某事suspect sb. to be. 懷疑某人是即學(xué)即練單句語法填空i suspect him to be(be) a pickpocket.i suspected the girl of lying

11、(lie) to us.小片段填空the first suspect was the victims son.the police suspected him of murdering his father，because the neighbors reported having heard them fighting on the night of the killing.第一個嫌疑犯是死者的兒子。警察懷疑他謀殺了他的父親，因為鄰居們在案發(fā)當晚曾聽到他們打架。(2)blame vt.把歸咎于；責怪；指責 n責備；指責例1they placed the blame on the doctor

12、.他們把責任歸咎于醫(yī)生。例2he tried to escape blame for what he had done.他試圖不為自己的行為負責。翻譯看來水是罪魁禍首。it seemed that the water was to blame知識拓展(1)be to blame (for sth.)(對某事)負有責任，應(yīng)受責備blame sb. for sth. 因某事責備某人；把某事歸咎于某人blame sth. on sb./sth. 把某事歸咎于某人/某事(2)put/lay the blame for sth. on sb. 將某事歸咎于某人take the blame for sth

13、. 對某事承擔責任即學(xué)即練單句語法填空/一句多譯if that happens，the coach will take the blame for it.you are not to blame (blame)i cant put the blame on you.you shouldnt blame john for the failure.you shouldnt blame the failure on john.你們不應(yīng)該把這次失敗歸咎于約翰。link n. 聯(lián)系；紐帶 vt.把連接起來；相關(guān)聯(lián)(教材p3)moreover，snow was later able to show a l

14、ink between other cases of cholera and the different water companies in london.此外，斯諾后來還發(fā)現(xiàn)了其他霍亂病例與倫敦不同的供水公司之間的聯(lián)系。例1the two companies have linked.這兩家公司已聯(lián)合。例2the new bridge will link the island to the mainland.新的橋梁將把該島與大陸連接在一起。翻譯那家新公司與幾家較老的公司聯(lián)合以保護自己。the new company linked up with several older ones in

15、selfprotection.知識拓展(1)link.to/with.將和聯(lián)系或連接起來link up 連接；結(jié)合link up with. 與聯(lián)合；使與銜接(2)a link between a and ba與b之間的聯(lián)系即學(xué)即練單句語法填空the new tunnel links britain to/with france.the two spacecraft will link up with each other in orbit.the country is linked (link) to the town by a new bridge.decrease n減少；降低；減少量

16、vt.& vi.(使大小、數(shù)量等)減少；減?。唤档?教材p3)through snows tireless efforts，water companies began to sell clean water，and the threat of cholera around the world saw a substantial decrease.在斯諾的不懈努力下，自來水公司開始出售干凈的水，在世界范圍內(nèi)霍亂的威脅大幅減少。例1the decrease in sales was almost 20 percent.銷售量差不多減少了20%。例2his interest in this subj

17、ect gradually decreases.他對這個科目的興趣逐漸在減退。翻譯自從立法之后污染已經(jīng)大大減少。there has been a sharp decrease in pollution since the law was introduced.知識拓展(1)on the decrease 在減少中a decrease in. 在方面減少(2)decrease to. 減少到decrease by. 減少了decrease from.to. 從減少到即學(xué)即練單句語法填空there is a decrease of nearly 7% in the number of visito

18、rs to the museum.the accidents have decreased by 20% since the measure has been taken.because of human activities，the number of some rare animals is on the decrease.名師點津decrease的反義詞increase的用法increase to增加(長)到increase by 增加(長)了on the increase 在增加thanks to 幸虧；由于(教材p3)fortunately，we now know how to pr

19、event cholera，thanks to the work of john snow.幸運的是，由于約翰斯諾的工作，我們現(xiàn)在知道如何預(yù)防霍亂。例1thanks to his research，the un has more tools in the battle to rid the world of hunger.多虧了他的研究，聯(lián)合國在消除世界饑餓的戰(zhàn)斗中又多了些方法。例2thanks to his effort，it is more successful than we have expected.由于他的努力，(這件事)獲得了比我們預(yù)期更大的成功。翻譯由于你的幫助我們成功了。th

20、anks to your help，we were successful.知識拓展because of因為；由于as a result of 作為的結(jié)果；由于due to 因為；由于owing to 由于；因為的緣故即學(xué)即練單句語法填空as a result of the bad weather，the football match was put off.the accident was due to his careless driving.owing to your timely help，we finished the work ahead of time.transform vt.使

21、改觀；使改變形態(tài) vi.改變；轉(zhuǎn)變(教材p3)moreover，in his use of maps and statistics，snow transformed the way scientists study diseases.此外，斯諾利用地圖和統(tǒng)計數(shù)據(jù)改變了科學(xué)家研究疾病的方式。例1he seems to have been miraculously transformed into a firstclass player.他似乎奇跡般地變成了一流的球員。例2things cannot be transformed overnight.事情不可能在一夜之間改變。翻譯蒸汽機將熱能轉(zhuǎn)變成

22、動力。a steam engine transforms heat into power知識拓展(1)transform a into b把a變成btransform sth. from a to b使從a變成b(2)transformation n. 改變；改革即學(xué)即練單句語法填空we must work hard so as to transform china into an advanced industrial country.a complete change of climate transformed the area from farmland to a desert.we

23、are living in a time of social transformation (transform)sentence patterns“特殊疑問詞不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)(教材p2)as a young doctor，john snow became frustrated because no one knew how to prevent or treat cholera作為一名年輕的醫(yī)生，約翰斯諾變得沮喪，因為沒有人知道如何預(yù)防或治療霍亂。句式分析：句中how to prevent or treat cholera為“特殊疑問詞不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)，作動詞knew的賓語。例1no one kne

24、w how to treat this dreaded disease.沒人知道如何治療這種可怕的疾病。例2i dont quite know what to say in answer to your question. 我不太清楚如何回答你的問題。翻譯想一想不同種類的交通工具的費用并決定怎么到那里。think about the fare for different kinds of transport and decide how to get there知識拓展(1)常見的特殊疑問詞：疑問代詞who，what，which等和疑問副詞how，when，where等。(2)語法功能：該結(jié)構(gòu)

25、相當于名詞性從句，在句中可以作主語、賓語、表語、同位語等(作主語時，謂語動詞常用單數(shù))。(3)通常用在tell，show，understand，explain，teach，learn，discuss等動詞后面的特殊疑問代詞與構(gòu)成不定式的動詞之間為動賓關(guān)系時，不定式通常用主動形式。即學(xué)即練句型轉(zhuǎn)換the teacher taught the students how they should do the experiment.the teacher taught the students how to do the experimentthe problem is where to put th

26、is computer.the problem is where we should put this computeri have no idea what i can say about this.i have no idea what to say about thiswhen we will start has not been decided.when to start has not been decided.so.that.引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句(教材p2)he discovered that in two particular streets the cholera outbreak

27、 was so severe that more than 500 people died in ten days.他發(fā)現(xiàn)，在兩條特定的街道上，霍亂爆發(fā)非常嚴重，10天內(nèi)就有500多人死亡。句式分析：句中so.that.意為“如此以至于”，引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句。例1he was so foolish that he accepted her invitation.他接受她的邀請真是太傻了。例2they walked so fast that i could not keep up with them. 他們走得那么快，我沒法跟上他們。翻譯這些大象是如此的聰明，它們可以回答一些數(shù)學(xué)問題。the el

28、ephants were so clever that they were able to answer some math questions.知識拓展(1)sothat.(2)suchthat.即學(xué)即練完成句子/句型轉(zhuǎn)換it is so good a film that id like to see it a second time.這部電影如此好，以至于我想再看一遍。she works so hard that we all respect her.她工作這么努力，我們都很敬佩她。she is so lovely a girl that we all like her.she is su

29、ch a lovely girl that we all like her.it is such a heavy box that i cant lift it.it is so heavy a box that i cant lift it.名師點津(1)little表示“少”時用so修飾，但表示“小”時用such修飾。there was so little time left that we must hurry.時間不多了，我們要快一點。they are such little children that they cant understand it.他們是這么小的孩子，他們不會理解的

30、。(2)在“so.that.”和“such.that.”結(jié)構(gòu)中，當“so/such.”置于句首時，其所在的句子要用部分倒裝。so hot a day was it that they all went swimming.such a hot day was it that they all went swimming.天氣這么熱，他們都去游泳了。1cholera used to be one of the most feared diseases in the world，until a british doctor，john snow，showed how it could be overc

31、ome.分析本句為復(fù)合句，until引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句，其中how it could be overcome為how引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。 譯文霍亂曾經(jīng)是世界上最可怕的疾病之一，直到英國醫(yī)生約翰斯諾展示了如何戰(zhàn)勝它。 2he discovered that in two particular streets the cholera outbreak was so severe that more than 500 people died in ten days.分析本句為復(fù)合句，動詞discovered 后是that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句，其中so.that.引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句。 譯文他發(fā)現(xiàn)，在兩條特定的街道上

32、，霍亂爆發(fā)非常嚴重，10天內(nèi)就有500多人死亡。 教材高考1.there were multiple deaths near the water pump in broad street (especially house numbers 16，37，38，and 40)(2019北京卷)in a world that warms up by 3，it found that multiple changes to the colour of the oceans would occur.2.accordingly，he had the handle of the pump removed so

33、 that it could not be used.(2019浙江卷)however，when she hung up，she regretted the way she had handled the call.3.moreover，snow was later able to show a link between other cases of cholera and the different water companies in london.(2019天津卷)food webs may be dominated by many weak links because that arr

34、angement is more stable over the long term.4.fortunately，we now know how to prevent cholera，thanks to the work of john snow.(2019浙江卷)thanks to the beatles，a lot of opportunities were opened up to new faces on the market.5.moreover，in his use of maps and statistics，snow transformed the way scientists

35、 study diseases.(2019全國卷)only at dinnertime are we eating together anymore，74 percent，according to statistics from the report.單句語法填空1ade and brooks exchanged blows yesterday and they were severely (severe) punished today.2many companies have subscribed (subscribe) generously to the football club so

36、far.3only a third of these households (household) thought it reasonable to meter water.4i think he suspected us of some improper purpose.5this information confirms me in the belief that he is to blame (blame)6there are thirty microscopes (microscope) in our chemical laboratory.7they have gathered th

37、e best statistics (statistic) they can find and run them through their own computers.8the news is so important that i must tell it to my friends.9a cheap table can be transformed (transform) by an interesting cover.10you should know when to stop (stop) asking questions.短語填空take the blame for；thanks to；once and for all；on the decrease；subscribe to；link up1thanks to the spread of modern technology，trained workers are now more vital than ever.2the demand for tea is on the