初中語(yǔ)法-動(dòng)詞不定式和動(dòng)名詞

1、精品文檔精品文檔動(dòng)詞不定式：“不定式符號(hào)to+動(dòng)詞原形”一、用作主語(yǔ)()1. Iseasy to finish the design before National Day?A. thisB. thatC. itD. he()2. Itforty-five minutesthere by bus.A. cost; to getB. takes; gettingC. takes; to getD. takes; to get to動(dòng)詞不定式作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，句子的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常用單數(shù)，其位置有以下兩種：(1) 把不定式置于句首。如：To get there by bike will take us half

2、 an hour.(2) 用it作形式主語(yǔ)，把真正的主語(yǔ)不定式置于句后，常用于下列句式中。注意：It + be+名詞+ to doIts our duty to take good care of the old.It takes sb+some time+to doHow long did it take you to finish the work?It + be+形容詞+ for sb + to doIt is difficult for us to finish writing the compositionin a quarter of an hour.It + be+形容詞+ of

3、 sb+ to doIt is stupid of you to write dow n everythi ng the teachersays.不定式復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)的介詞用for還是of,主要決定于前面形容詞的性質(zhì)。一般說來，of前面的形容詞是careful, clever,foolish, good, kind, nice, wise等，既說明人的特性，又說明不定式動(dòng)作的特性。for前面的形容詞是dangerous,difficult, easy, hard, heavy, importa nt, i nteresti ng, n ecessary等，一般說明不定式動(dòng)作的特性，不說明人的特性。前

4、面如果是名詞用for。二、用作表語(yǔ)( )The first thi ng is the teacher.A.greet B.greeting C.to greet D.to greeting()This house is in .A.livingB.to live C.live D.to living動(dòng)詞不定式作表語(yǔ)，常說明主語(yǔ)的內(nèi)容、性質(zhì)、特征。如：The best way to improve your En glish is to join an En glish club.三、用作賓語(yǔ)1. 可以接帶to的動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞主要有：要求選擇同意 (ask, choose, agree

5、),期望決定學(xué)習(xí) (expect, hope, decide, learn),寧可計(jì)劃知道(prefer, plan, know),希望想要愿意(wish, want, would like / love)。如：1) We decided to talk to some stude nts about why they go there.2) He prefers to eat white bread and rice.3) Id love to visit Mexico.2. 當(dāng)復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)中的賓語(yǔ)是不定式時(shí)，先用形式賓語(yǔ)it代替不定式，把不定式置于補(bǔ)語(yǔ)之后，女如： .feel /find /

6、make/ . it+adj. / n.+to do.。如：( )I find it difficulteverything.A.to remember B.remember C.rememberingWe think it quite important for us to learn a foreignlanguage well.He feels it his duty to help the poor.四、用作定語(yǔ) () 1.I m hungry. Get me something .A eat B to eat C eating D for eating()2.- Have you g

7、ot everything ready for the trip?- Yes. There s nothing .A. to worry aboutB. need to worry about C. to worry at all D. worrying about() 3. He is a nice person .A. to work withB. working withC. worked withD. to be worked1. 句子的主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)是動(dòng)詞不定式的邏輯主語(yǔ)，不定式與其所修飾的名詞、代詞等存在邏輯的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系時(shí)，用動(dòng)詞 不定式的主動(dòng)式。如：1) I cant think of

8、 any good advice to give her.動(dòng)賓關(guān)系2) Basketball has also become a more popular sport for people to watch.2. 動(dòng)詞不定式所修飾的名詞是 place, time, way 等時(shí)，不定式與這些名詞呈現(xiàn)出動(dòng)狀關(guān)系或同位關(guān)系。如：1) He needs time to do homework.2) Is that a good place to hang out？3) You want to know the best way to get around the city.五、用作補(bǔ)語(yǔ)() Thei

9、r teacher often them a funny story his class lovely and interesting.A. tells; to makeB. talks; to makeC. says; makesD. speaks; makes動(dòng)詞不定式作補(bǔ)語(yǔ)時(shí)，在主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)句里補(bǔ)賓語(yǔ)，在被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)句里補(bǔ)主語(yǔ)，句子的賓語(yǔ)或主語(yǔ)是不定式動(dòng)作的邏輯執(zhí)行 者。如果不定式是 to be done ，句子的賓語(yǔ)或主語(yǔ)就是邏輯承受者。1. 在主、被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)句里用帶 to 的動(dòng)詞不定式作補(bǔ)語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞主要有： 要求允許提議 (ask, allow, permit, advise) ， 期望邀請(qǐng)鼓勵(lì)

10、 (expect, suppose, invite, encourage) ， 教導(dǎo)告訴想要 (teach, tell, want) ，等待希望愿意 (wait for, wish, would like / love)。如：1) Id invite her to have dinner at my house.2) Teenagers should be allowed to choose their own clothes.3) Email English is supposed to be used on mobile phones.2. 動(dòng)詞不定式作補(bǔ)語(yǔ)，在主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)句里不帶to ，被動(dòng)

11、語(yǔ)態(tài)句里帶 to 時(shí)多數(shù)動(dòng)詞是感官動(dòng)詞和使役動(dòng)詞，包括四“看”： look at, observe, see, watch，三“讓”： have, let, make ， 二“聽”： hear, listen to ， 一“感覺”： feel ，一“注意”： notice 。1) This picture makes me feel tense！2) Of course we want to see Liu Yu achieve his dreams3. be said, be sure, happen, seem等后面可以接帶 to 的動(dòng)詞不定式作主語(yǔ)的補(bǔ)語(yǔ)。如：1) He doesn t

12、seem to have many friends.2) Be sure not to miss them if they come to a city near you.() 1. We saw him the building and go upstairs.精品文檔()2.精品文檔A. to enterB. enterC. enteringD. enteredMr Bush said to his wife.)2 .Dorf t always make Michaclthis or that. He is already a big boy, dear.A. doB. to doC.do

13、esD. did)3. The young lady watched her daughtera yo-yo yesterday afternoon.D. playsA. to play withB. playing withC. to play)4. Though he had often made his little sister, today he was madeby his little sisterA cry; to cry B crying; crying C cry; cry D to cry; cry六、用作狀語(yǔ))1. The ice is thick enoughA. t

14、o walk onB. for walkingC. to walkD. to walk on it)2. The chair looks rather hard, but in fact it is very comfortable toA. sit1作目的狀語(yǔ)B. sit onC. be satD. be sat on I stayed there to see what would happe n.2) Bob took dow n my teleph one nu mber in order not to forget it.3) 1 stayed there so that (i n

15、order that)I could see whatwould happe n.4）.1 hurried to Professor Wan gs house only 我匆忙的感到王教授的家可是卻發(fā)現(xiàn)他外出了。to find he was out.2.原因狀語(yǔ)，多見于sb.+be+adj.+to do.”結(jié)構(gòu)句中。如：1) We are glad to hear the n ews.2) 1 was surprised to see that a three-year-old baby could write so well3.結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)，多見于 “ too.to，“ enough to. ”

16、so.that.結(jié)構(gòu)句中。如:七、帶疑問詞的不定式短語(yǔ)()1. There is no differe nee betwee n in the two words. I really dA. what to choose B. which to choose C. to choose whichon t knowD. to choose what()2. Excuse me. Would you please tell mebuy a digital camera?A. what toB. where toC. what I canD. where can I動(dòng)詞不定式前面可以帶疑問代詞wha

17、t, which, who在句子里用作賓語(yǔ)、主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)等，或者單獨(dú)使用。要注意的是，1. 用作句子的成分。1) 1 don t know what to try next.(2) Where to go is not decided yet.(2. 單獨(dú)使用時(shí)相當(dāng)于一個(gè)特殊疑問句作賓語(yǔ)）作主語(yǔ)）1)What to do next?(=What will we / you do n ext?) 2)Why go there?(=Why do we / you go there?) ()1. The teacher told the stude ntsA. not talkB. don t tal

18、kMr Zhang, you d或疑問畐U詞 how, when, where, whywhy后面的不定式不帶in class.C. didn t talkD. not to talkbettertoo much meat. You are already over等。這種結(jié)構(gòu)起名詞的作用,to。如：weight, ” said the doctor.A. not to eat八、動(dòng)詞不定式的否定式不定式的否定式是 not / n ever to do.B. to eatC. not eatD. eat，不帶to的不定式的否定式是not / never do.如:精品文檔2.His paren

19、ts tell him never1.Sometimes they have disagreements, and decide not to talk to each other. to drive after drinking.堂上練一練：()1. My mother often asks me early.A. get upB. got upC. getting upD. to get up( ) 2 . We are told everywhere. It s our duty to keep our school clean and tidy.A. not to make much

20、noise B. to throw waste paperC. to drawD. not to spit( ) 3. The boy was too busy his father last term.A. to hear fromB. to write to C. hearing fromD. write to() 4 . Look! How heavy the rain is! You d better _.A. don t go nowB. stay here when it stopsC. not leave until it stops D. not to leave at onc

21、e()5.- Bob, would you like to come to our dinner party?A. Yes, I would() 6 . Tracy canD. No, I don t goB. Yes, I d love toC. No, I wouldn tt play the match now. please instead.A. have Lily do itB. have Lily to do it C. make Lily to do itD. let Lily to do it精品文檔() 7. You must be very tired. Why not a

22、 rest?A. to stop to haveB. to stop havingC. stop to haveD. stop having() 8. There is going to an English party this evening in our school.A. to beB. to have() 9 . Youd bettera policemA. not to sent forB. wont sent forC. having an at this moment.C. don t sent forD. beingD. not sent for()10. The teach

23、er will show him .A. to useB. use itC. how to use itD. uses動(dòng)名詞動(dòng)名詞(doing )是一個(gè)動(dòng)詞的 -ng形式，在句子中起名詞的作用，例如，walking, playing, running 等等.動(dòng)名詞在 句子中可以用作主語(yǔ) , 動(dòng)詞賓語(yǔ) , 介詞賓語(yǔ) , 和表語(yǔ)等成分 .1. 動(dòng)名詞可以起名詞的作用，在句子中可以做主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)和定語(yǔ)。 做主語(yǔ)： Playing football is my fabourite sport. 做賓語(yǔ)： She is intersted in dancing. 做表語(yǔ)： My fabourite

24、sport is dancing. 做定語(yǔ)： He is in the reading room.1) 動(dòng)名詞作介詞賓語(yǔ) : Object of a prepositionA. 1. I m used stoleeping with the windows open. 我習(xí)慣開著窗子睡覺 .2. We are interested in learning more about your work. 我們對(duì)你的工作很感興趣 , 想多了解點(diǎn)有關(guān)情況 .3. The Americans succeeded in landing on the moon . 美國(guó)人成功的登上了月球 .b. by + d

25、oing sth.1. Pat turned off the tape recorder by pushing the stop button. 派特按下停止鍵 , 關(guān)上了錄音機(jī) .2. We show other people that we are happy by smiling. 我們通過微笑表示高興3. Wang improved his English by watching films. 通過看電影，王提高了他的英語(yǔ)水平C.go + shopping / swimming / fishing / hunting / skiing / bowling / dancing / hik

26、ing / mountain-climbing2) 只能接動(dòng)名詞的詞如下 :finish, deny , enjoy, consider, miss, mind, keep, discuss, imagine,admit, escape, understand, practise, complete, suggest, spend (time doing)1.We finished eating at 7:30 last night. 我們昨晚 7:30 吃完晚飯 .2.I dontenjoy being laughed at by other people. 我不喜歡被其他人嘲笑 .3.It

27、 kept raining for three days. 雨持續(xù)下了三天 .4.We appreciate having had the opportunity to meet the king. 我們非常感激能得到面見國(guó)王的機(jī)會(huì) 與動(dòng)名詞連用的短語(yǔ)Special expressions with -ng form:(需要背誦)1. have fun doing sth.2. have a good time doing sth.3.have trouble (in) doing sth.4. have difficulty (in) doing sth5. be busy doing6.

28、feel like doing7. be used to doing8. look forward to doing9. what about doing /-how about doing10. pay atte nti on to doing有些動(dòng)詞后即可接不定式，又可接動(dòng)名詞，但意義不一樣： 部分動(dòng)詞后接不定式或動(dòng)名詞時(shí)，意義差別較大，應(yīng)根據(jù)句子語(yǔ)境選擇使用。1. remember, forget, regret + to do+ doingI remembered posting the letter today.Please remember to post the letter t

29、oday.2. mean to do 打算做某事mean doing 意味著I meant to catch up with the early bus.This means wasting a lot of money.try to do 設(shè)法盡力做某事try doing 試著做某事You should try to overcome your shortcomings.Try working out the physics problem in another way.stop to do 停下一件事去做另一件事(不定式作目的狀語(yǔ))stop doing 停止做某事On the way to

30、 the airport,I stopped to buy a paper.Youd better stop arguing and do as you are told.cant help doing禁不住can t help to do 不能幫助干I couldn t help(to) finish this matterShe cant help smiling 她禁不住笑了。go on to do做不同的事或不同內(nèi)容的事go on doing繼續(xù)不停地做某事，指同一動(dòng)作的繼續(xù)He went on to talk about world situation.他接著又談了世界形勢(shì)。動(dòng)作未發(fā)

31、生動(dòng)作已發(fā)生我記得今天把信寄走了。請(qǐng)別忘了今天把信寄走。3.4.5.6.我不能幫助完成這件事了。He went on readi ng Less on Ten.他繼續(xù)讀第十課。After readi ng Less on Nine, he went on to read Less on Ten讀完第九課后他繼續(xù)讀第十課。7.感官動(dòng)詞；+ do表示動(dòng)作的完整性+doi ng表示動(dòng)作的連續(xù)性，進(jìn)行性在被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)句里,4. help后接動(dòng)詞不定式作補(bǔ)語(yǔ)，to可帶可不帶。一般說來，帶to表間接幫助，不帶to表直接幫助。 或者用不定式的否定式作補(bǔ)語(yǔ)時(shí)要帶to。如：1. They can help you

32、to compare two differe nt products so that you can buy the one you really n eed.1. Using email En glish helps you write quickly.用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。2. Lear ning Ian guages(be) fun.3. Are you in terested in(play) computer games?4. You will make it if you keep(try)!5. Readi ng in teresti ng no vels(make) me h

33、appy.6. Have you fini shed(do) your homework yet?單項(xiàng)選擇1. They stop , but there was no more sound at all.D. to listen toA. to liste nB. to hearC. liste ning2. -Remember him about it before he goes away.-Sure. I will.A. tellB. to tellC. telli ngD. told3. Im sorry I forgot the book to you .A. to bringB.

34、 bringingC. bringD. brought4. Most of the children enjoy computer games.A. playB. play ingC. playedD. to play5. Tom finished the book yesterday.A. readB. readi ngC. to readD. reads6. -How can I improve my spoke n En glish?-You have to practise as much as you can.A. speakB. speak ingC. spoke nD. to s

35、peak7. We kept the ball to each other, and they began to get angry.A. to passB. pass ingC. passD. past8. It too hot. Would you mind the windows, please?A. ope nB. ope nedC. to ope nD. ope ning9. -Have you finish the book?-Not yet, I try it to you before Friday.A. readi ng; returni ngB. to read; to r

36、eturnC. read ing; to return D. to read; retur ning10. The teacher asked the students to stop and to her.A. to talk; liste nedB. talki ng; liste nC. talk ing; liste nedD. to talk; liste n11. The chair looks very old, but in fact it is very comfortable to.A. sit B. sit on C. be sat D. be sat on12. Im afraid they would not allow himhere.A. to smoke B. smok ing C. smokes D. smoke13. Mother told methe water b