虛擬語氣的用法及經(jīng)典練習(xí)題(附答案)

1、虛擬語氣概念虛擬語氣用來表示說話人的主觀愿望或假想，而不表示客觀存在的事實(shí)，所說的是一個(gè)條件, 不一定是事實(shí)，或與事實(shí)相反。虛擬語氣通過謂語動詞的特殊形式來表示。英語中的語氣分 為陳述語氣、祈使語氣、虛擬語氣三類。應(yīng)用條件在表示虛假的、與事實(shí)相庾的或難以實(shí)現(xiàn)的情況時(shí)用虛擬語氣，表示主觀愿望或 某種強(qiáng)烈情感時(shí)，也用虛擬語氣。即當(dāng)一個(gè)人說話時(shí)欲強(qiáng)調(diào)其所說的話是基于自己的 主觀想法，而不是根據(jù)客觀實(shí)際，就用虛擬語氣。在非真實(shí)條件狀語從句中的用法真實(shí)條件狀語從句與非真實(shí)條件狀語從句條件句可分為兩類，一類為真實(shí)條件句，一類為非真實(shí)條件句。非真實(shí)條件句表 示的是假設(shè)或?qū)嶋H可能性不大的情況，故采用虛擬語氣。

2、例： If he doesn t hurry up, he will miss the bus.如果他不快點(diǎn)，他 將錯(cuò)過巴士。（真實(shí)） If he is free, he will ask me to tell stories.如果 他是空閑的，他會要求我講故事。（真實(shí)） If I were you, I wou 1 d go at once. 如果我是你，我馬上就會去。（非真實(shí)，虛擬語氣） If there were no air, people would die.如果沒有空氣，人就會死亡。（非真實(shí)，虛擬語氣）用法及動詞形式從句與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反:If+主語+did(:i 主語+should/

3、would/、：could/might+do（be 動詞 were） Ju.乙金益 丫名譏盲訝若乙金益 丫名譏盲訝若乙益與過去事實(shí)相反心二主語 +should/would/與將來事實(shí)相反1. Jdf+主語+did3. If+主語 +were to4. If+主語+should主語+should/would/could/might+do例句:1、表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的情況：例：1. If I were you, I would takean umbrella. 如果我是你，我會帶把傘。（事實(shí)：我不可能是你）I knew histelephone number, I would tell you.

4、如果我知道他的電話號碼，我就會告訴 你。（事實(shí)：不知道）there were no air or water, there would be no livingthings on the earth.如果沒有水和空氣，地球上就不會有生物。（事實(shí)：地球上既有空氣也有水）I had any money wi th me, I could lend you some. 如果我?guī)уX了，我就會借給你些。（事實(shí)：沒帶錢）he studied harder, he mightpass the exam. 如果他再努力些，就能通過考試了。（事實(shí)：沒有努力）2、表示與過去事實(shí)相反的情況 例：1. If I ha

5、d gotten there earlier, I should/could have met her.如果我早到那兒，我就會見到她。（事實(shí)：去晚了）he had taken my advice, he would not have made such a mistake 如果他聽我的勸告的話，就不會犯這樣的錯(cuò)誤了。 （事實(shí)：沒有聽我的話）3、表示對將來情況的主觀推測，與將來事實(shí)相反例：he should comehere tomorrow, I should/would talk to him. 如果他哪天來這兒的話，我就跟 他談?wù)?。（事?shí)：來的可能性很小）there were a heav

6、y snow next Sunday,we wou 1 d not go skating. 如果下周日下大雪，我們就不能去滑冰了。（事實(shí)： 不知能否下雪）she were to be there next Monday, I would tell her aboutthe matter. 如果她下周一來這兒的話，我就會告訴她這件事的始末。4.45. 有時(shí)，虛擬條件句中，結(jié)果主句和條件從句的謂語動作若不是同時(shí)發(fā)生時(shí)，虛 擬語氣的形式應(yīng)作相應(yīng)的調(diào)整。從句的動作與過去事實(shí)相反，而主句的動作與現(xiàn)在或現(xiàn)在正在發(fā)生的事實(shí)不符。 如： If I had worked hard at school, I wo

7、uld be an engineer, too. 如 果我在學(xué)校學(xué)習(xí)刻苦的話，我.現(xiàn)在也會成為一個(gè)工程師了 If they had informed us, we would not come here now. 如果他們通知過我們的話，我們現(xiàn)在就不會 來這里了。從句的動作與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反，而主句的動作與過去事實(shí)不符。如： If hewere free today, we would have sent him to Beijing 如果他今天有空的話， 我們會已經(jīng)派他去北京了。 If he knew her, he would have greeted her. 要 是他認(rèn)識她的話，他肯定會去

8、問候她了。6、當(dāng)虛擬條件句的謂語動詞含有were, should, had時(shí)，if可以省略，這時(shí)條件從句要用倒裝語序，即將were, should, had等詞置于句首，這種多用于書面 語。 如:Should he agree to go there, we would send him there 要是他答應(yīng)去的話，我們就派他去。 Were she here, she would agree with us. 如果她在這兒的話，她會同意我們的。 Had he learnt about computers, we would have hired him to work here.如果他懂一些

9、電腦知識的話，我們已經(jīng)聘用他來這里工作了。7、非真實(shí)條件句中的條件從句有時(shí)不表達(dá)出來，只暗含在副詞、介詞短語、上下 文或其他方式表示出來，這種句子叫做含蓄條件句，在多數(shù)情況下，條件會暗含 在短語中，如withoutbut for.等如:But for his help, we would be working now. 要不是他的幫助，我們還會在工作呢。 Without your instruction, I would not have made such great progress. 要是沒有你的指導(dǎo)，我不會取得如此大的進(jìn)步。 We didn t know his telephone n

10、umber； otherwise we would have telephoned him我們 不知道他的電話號碼，否則我們就會給他打電話。8、有時(shí)，虛擬條件句中，主、從句可以省略其中的一個(gè)，來表示說話人的一種強(qiáng) 烈的感情。 省略從句He would have finished it.他本該完成了。 You could havepassed this exam.你應(yīng)該能通過這次考試了。 省略主句If I were at home now.要是我現(xiàn)在在家里該多好11阿。If onlyI had got it.要是我得到它了該多好啊。、虛擬語氣的其他用法用在wish后的賓語從句a、表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相

11、反的愿望，謂語動詞用過去式eg. I wish I had your brains. 我希望我有你那樣的頭腦。（事實(shí)：我根本比 不上你）b、表示與過去事實(shí)相反的愿望，謂語動詞：had+doneeg： I wish I had known the truth of the matter.我.希望我原來知道這件事的真相。（事實(shí)：原來不知道）c、表示將來難以實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望，謂語動詞：should/would +動詞原形eg. I wish I should have a chance again. 我希望我還能有一次這樣的機(jī)會。 （事實(shí)：很難再有這樣的機(jī)會了）（注：if only和as if/as th

12、ough也有相同用法）用在目的狀語從句中1在for fear that, in case, lest引導(dǎo)的從句中，若用虛擬語氣時(shí)，從句謂 語為：should +動詞原形。并且should不能省略examined the door again for fear that a thief should come in. 她又把門 檢查了一遍，以防盜賊的進(jìn)入。 He started out earl ier lest he should be late. 他很早就出發(fā)了以防遲到。2、在so that, in order that所引導(dǎo)的目的狀語從句中,從句中的謂語為：can / may / coul

13、d / might / will / would / should + 動詞原形。goes closer to the speaker so that he can hear him clearer 他走近說i舌的 人以便能聽得更淸楚。 He read the letter carefully in order that he should not miss a word.他把信讀得很仔細(xì)以便不漏掉一個(gè)單詞。其他用法1 想要(desire)二寧愿(prefer)三命令(order, command)四建議(advice. Suggest, propose)五要求(demand , requir

14、e, request , desire , insist)中，無 論主句謂語動詞為何種時(shí)態(tài)，從句的謂語動詞都用：“should +動詞原形”或只 用動詞原形。 如： He suggested that we (should) takethe teacher? s advice He insisted that we (should) takethe teacherf s advice He demand that we (should) takethe teacher? s adviceHe ordered that we(should) takethe teacher? s advicein

15、sist如果翻譯成堅(jiān)持某種動作才用虛擬語氣；翻譯成堅(jiān)持某種觀點(diǎn)就不用虛 擬語氣。如：He insist he is a student 他堅(jiān)持說他是個(gè)學(xué)生。 這個(gè)語句表 示的是事實(shí)，因此在這個(gè)語句中不能使用虛擬語氣。suggest意為“建議”才用虛擬語氣，意為“暗示”則不用虛擬語氣。 如： His face suggests that he looks worried 他的表情暗含著他很擔(dān)心。 這 個(gè)句子本身是事實(shí)，因此它就沒有用到虛擬語氣。2、表情緒觀點(diǎn)的形容詞或名詞也要用虛擬語氣如：necessary. important. impossible、natural s strangesurp

16、rising, funny、right、wrong, better、a pity 等。句型：It isthat +主語從句，從句的謂語動詞都要用should+原型 或只用動詞原型。3、4、在even if, even though所引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句中，可用虛擬語氣，主句、從句的結(jié)構(gòu)與if所引導(dǎo)的條件從句結(jié)構(gòu)相同。如： Even if he were here himself, he should not know what to do.即使他親自來也不知該怎么辦。(事實(shí)：他沒來) Nobody could save him even though Hua Tuo should come he

17、re 即 使華佗在世也救不了他。(事實(shí)：華佗不在世)5、在 whatever, whichever, whenever, whoever, wherever, however, no matterwh-word等引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句中，從句虛擬語氣結(jié)構(gòu)為： 指現(xiàn)在或?qū)恚簃ay +動詞原形。如： We will finish i t on time no matter what may happe n.不管發(fā)生什么事.我們都要按時(shí)完成。 We will find him wherever he may be. 無論他在哪里，我.們都要找到他。I will wait for him no matt

18、er how late hemay come. 不管他來的多么晚，我都會等他。指過去：may +完成式。 如：You mustn t be proud whatever great progress you may have made 不管你 取得了多么大的進(jìn)步，你也不能驕傲。 We must respect him no matter what mistakes he may have made. 不管他犯過什么錯(cuò)誤，我們必須尊敬他。5、般would rather, had rather, would sooner等之后的賓語從句常表示與客觀 事實(shí)不相符的一種愿望，故使用虛擬語氣。其虛擬語氣

19、的結(jié)構(gòu)為：過去：had +過去分詞：現(xiàn)在：過去時(shí)（be用were ）:將來：過去時(shí)（be用were ） 如： I d rather you had seen the film yesterday我倒想你昨天看過了這場電影。 Id rather you were here now. 我倒想你現(xiàn)在在這兒。 We d rather you went here tomorrow. 我們倒想你明天去那兒6、虛擬語氣還可用在定語從句中，表示：“早該做某事了”時(shí)，定語從句中的謂語動 詞須用虛擬語氣，其虛擬語氣的結(jié)構(gòu)為：It is （high / about） time that +主語+ 動詞的過去式/ s

20、hould +動詞原形，即從句用虛擬過去式 如 It is time that I went to pick up my daughter at school 我該去學(xué)校接我的女兒了。It is high time you should go to work.你早該上班了。7、簡單句中的虛擬語氣（1）說話時(shí)，為了表示客氣、謙虛、委婉而有禮貌，言語常使用虛擬語氣。其虛擬語氣的結(jié)構(gòu)形式常為：would / could / might / should +動詞原形。 如： Would you mind my shutting the door 我把門關(guān)起來你介意嗎You shouldalways l

21、earn this lesson by heart你要把這個(gè)教訓(xùn)牢記于心。 I shouldagree with you. 我應(yīng)該同意你的觀點(diǎn)。（2）表示祝愿”時(shí)，常用may +主語+動詞原形。 如： May you have agood journey!祝你一路順風(fēng)。May your youth last for ever! 祝你青春永駐。（3）表示強(qiáng)烈的“愿望”祝愿時(shí)，常用動詞原形。 如： Long live the Communist Party of China. 中國共產(chǎn)黨萬歲。 God bless us. 上帝保佑。（4）習(xí)慣表達(dá)中常用的虛擬語氣。 提出請求或邀請。女17 ：Wou

22、ld you 1 ike to have a talk with us thisevening 今天晚上來跟我們聊天好嗎 Could I use your bike now 我可以 用一下你的單車嗎 陳述自己的觀點(diǎn)或看法。如： I should glad to meet you. 見到你我會很高興。 I would try my best to help you. 我.會盡力 幫助你。 提出勸告或建議。如： You ? d better ask your father first. 你最好先問一問你的父親。 You should make a full investigation of it

23、first. 你應(yīng)該先全面調(diào)查一番。 提出問題。如： Do you think he could get here on time 你認(rèn)為他能按時(shí)來嗎 Do you expect he would tell us the truth 你期望他會告訴我們真相嗎 表示對過去情況的責(zé)備時(shí)，常用處擬語氣。其虛 擬語氣的結(jié)構(gòu)為：情態(tài)動詞+ have +過去分詞。如： You should havegot here earlier.你應(yīng)該早就到這里 了。 You should have returned it to him. 你應(yīng)該把它還紿他了。省略的虛擬條件句型省略連詞if有時(shí)可將條件從句的連詞if省略

24、，但此時(shí)應(yīng)用倒裝句型，即將從句中的were, should, had等提到句首： Were I Tom, I would refuse如果我是湯姆，我會 拒絕。 I will go, should it be necessary 假若有必要，我會去的。 Had it not been for the bad weather we would have arrived in time 若不是天氣 壞，我們就準(zhǔn)時(shí)到達(dá)了。【注】若條件從句為否定句，否定詞not應(yīng)置于主語之后，而不能與were,should, had等縮略成Weren， t. Shouldnf t, Hadn， t而置于句首。 有時(shí)

25、省略if后提前的had不是助動詞： Had I time, I would come.假若我有時(shí)間， 我會來的。（=If I had time*）省略條件句的主語和其后的動詞be若主從句主語一致，且謂語部分包含有動詞be,通?？蓪⒅髡Z和動詞be省略： If repaired earlier, the tractor would not have broken down. 要是早點(diǎn)兒 修一下，拖拉機(jī)就不會拋錨了。（=If i t had been repaired earl ier*B）省略 “it+be”If necessary, I would send more farm-hands to

26、 help you. 如果 需要的 話我會派更多的民工去幫你。（=If it was necessary, I would）省略整個(gè)條件從句這樣的省略通常需要借助一定的上下文，即省略條件從句后，所剩下的主句的意 思在一定的上下文中意思是淸楚的： I might see her personallyIt would be better我可以親自去看她，這樣好一些。（二Ifl saw her personally, it would be better.）在含蓄條件句中的用法（1）條件暗含在短語中。如： We didn* t know his telephone number； otherwise

27、 we would have telephoned him. 我們不知道他的電話號碼，否則我們就會紿他 打電話。（暗含條件是 otherwise） Without your help, we wouldn * t have achieved so much. 沒有你的幫助，我們不可能取得這么大的成績。 （暗含條件是介詞 短語 without your help） But for your help, I would not have succeeded in the experiment. 如果沒有你的幫助，我的實(shí)驗(yàn)就不會成功。（暗含條件是b ut for your help） It wou1

28、d cause great trouble not to lubricate the bearing immediately. 不立即潤滑軸承就會引起很大的故障。（暗含條件是not tolubricate the bearing immediately） （2）條件暗含在上下文中。如： I would not have done i t that way. 我是不會那么做的。（可能暗含if I were you ） I was busy that day. Otherwise I would have come to help you. 我那天很忙。 否則我會來幫你的。（可能暗含 if I h

29、adn * t been so busy. ） You might come to join us in the discussion. 你可以參加我們的討論。（可能暗含if you wanted to） I would have bought the DVD player. 我是會買下那臺影碟機(jī)的。（可 能暗含 if I had the money） But for the storm, we should have arrived earlier 要不是碰到暴雨.我們還會早些到。（可能暗含if it had not been for the storm）o虛擬語氣練習(xí)題enjoyed th

30、e movie very much 1 wish I the book from which itwas madeA. have readB had readare late If you A. come； would meet C. come； will meetC should have readD. are readinga few minutes earlier, youhim.B. had come； would have metD had come； would meettwo studentsA. should beC have beentalkedas if theyB. wo

31、uld beD. had beenfriends for years.is important that IA. speakC will speakwith Mr. Wi11iams immediately.B. spokeD. to speaklooked as if heill for a long time.A. wasB. wereC has beenD had beenthe doctorhad come earlier, the poorchildwould notA. have laid there for two hoursB. have been lied therefor

32、two hoursC have lied there for two hoursD. have lain there fortwo hourswish that IA. wentC. have gonewith you last night.B could goD could have gones say you couldA. will youC would yougo there again, howB. should you D do youfeel ?can t stand him He always talks as though he everything.A. knewB kno

33、wsC has knownD had knownthe fog, we should have reached our schoolA. Because ofB. In spite ofC In case ofD. But foryou had told me in advance, Ihim at the airport.A. would meetB would had metC. would have metD would have meetcan take his car apart and put it back together again. I certainly wish hem

34、e howA. teachesB will teachC has taughtD would teachwould have told him the answer had it been possible, but Isobusy thenA. had beenB wereC wasD would bes working hard for fear that he A. should fall behindB fell behindC may fall behindD would fallen behinditanother ten minutes, the game would have

35、been called off.A. had rainedB would have rainedC have seenD rainedsuggested that they use a trick instead of fightingA. shouldB wouldC. doD. hadfather did not go to New York； the doctor suggested that he there.A. not wentC. not goB. won t goD not to gowould have goneto the meetingif I time.A. had h

36、adB. have hadC hadD would have hadyou rather Ibuying a new bike?A. decided againstC have decidedB will decide againstD. shall decide againstlook sotiredtonightItistimeyou A. go tosleepBwenttosleepC go tobedDwenttobed21.Whydidntyoubuyanew car?I would have bought one if I enough money.A. hadB have had

37、C. would haveD had hadshe could sew, B. she would have made a shirtD. she would had made a coatA. she make a dressC she will make a shirttoday, he would get there by Friday.A. Would he leaveB Was he leavingC. Were he to leaveD. If he leavesdoctor suggested that hea short trip abroad.A. will takeB. w

38、ould takeD. tookC takeBakers arrived last night If they d only let us know earlier, at the statioruA. we d meet themB. we 11 meet themC we d have met themD we ve met themI you, Imore attention to English idioms and phrasesA. was； shall payB am； will payC would be； would payD were； would paymight hav

39、e failed if you us a helping handA. have not givenB would not giveC had not givenD did not givelaw requires that everyonehis car checked at least once a yearA. hasB. hadC haveD will haveis strange that he so.A. would sayB. would speakC should sayD will speakI known her name,A. or does she know mineB

40、 and where does she live?C she would be beautiful.D. I would have invited her tolunch.has just arrived, but he talks as if he all about thatA.knowB.knowsc.knownD.knewIthemoney, Iwouldhave bought a much bigger car.A.possessedB. ownedc.hadD. had hadwas very busy yesterday； otherwise, he to the meeting

41、A. would comeB cameC would have comeD will comelibrarian insists that Johnno more books from the librarybefore he returns all the books he has borrowedA. will takeB tookC takeD takesleft very early last night, but I wish Iso early.A. didn t leaveB hadn t leftC haven t leftD couldn t leavedo not have a job I would find one but I no timeA. hadB didn t haveC had hadD havewish that you such a bad headache because 1 m sure that youwould have enjoyed the concertA. hadn tB didn t have hadC hadn t hadD hadn t haveinsisted that we all in his office at one o clockA. beB. to beC would