優(yōu)品課件之Chapter3.PlanningforthePerfectWedding-grammar-

1、優(yōu)品課件 Chapter3. Pla nning for the Perfect Wedd in g-grammar- Chapter3. Pla nning for the Perfect Weddi ng-grammar、章節(jié) 分析（一）綜述 本章節(jié)主要語(yǔ)法-定語(yǔ)從句。定語(yǔ)從句前面一定 有一個(gè)名詞（先行詞），這很關(guān)鍵。（二）目標(biāo) 定語(yǔ)從句起到修飾 名詞的作用。教學(xué)生掌握由關(guān)系代詞who, whom,which, that,whose 引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句；限制性定語(yǔ)從句和非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。（三）教學(xué) 方法通過(guò)一些例句讓學(xué)生理解并掌握定語(yǔ)從句。讓學(xué)生找出課文中 的定語(yǔ)從句并加以分析。讓學(xué)生造句，翻

2、譯句子等來(lái)鞏固所學(xué)的知 識(shí)。（四）重點(diǎn)和難點(diǎn) 上述都要掌握，難點(diǎn)為非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。 二、教學(xué)設(shè)計(jì)（Teach ing Desig ns）教學(xué)內(nèi)容教學(xué)實(shí)施建議 教學(xué) 資源參考 Lead ? Cin L Warming up Present the siudems some pictures of Chi nese and Western weddi ngs and let the stude nts talk about the differenee between Oriental and Western Weddings using as many adjective clauses as

3、 possible. wedd ing process/ place/customs/ banquet/ CXFORD ENGLSI 課本 Practice 在進(jìn) 行了短暫熱身練習(xí)之后，教師有意識(shí)地將課文中的定語(yǔ)從句呈現(xiàn)給學(xué) 生。e.g. The bride s clothes, which are usually expensive, require careful selectio n. The n do more practice:接著和學(xué)生 一起分別就幾個(gè)句型認(rèn)真理解和操練并完成書(shū)中部分練習(xí)。CXFORD ENGLSIH課本Exercises and homework教師自編題目和書(shū)后

4、練習(xí)結(jié) 合操練CXFORD ENGLSI課本以及課后練習(xí) 本單元的語(yǔ)法部分重點(diǎn)是定語(yǔ)從句：1. Clauses with who, whom, that, which and whose 2. Defining and non-defi ning clauses我 們?cè)诮虒W(xué)過(guò)程中，可以通過(guò)復(fù)習(xí)課文中的一些句型或者是討論課文中 的人物來(lái)開(kāi)始。鏈接1說(shuō)明：這是一份關(guān)于定語(yǔ)從句的練習(xí)。 定語(yǔ)從句 例 1 誤：Thank you for all what you have done for me. 正: Thank you for all （that） you have done for me. 題解

5、： “what” 不能用于引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，它一般用于引導(dǎo)名詞性從句。引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句 常用的有關(guān)系代詞 which, that, who, whom, whose, as, than及 關(guān)系副詞where, when, why。此句因?yàn)橄刃性~all是不定代詞，所 以只能用that引導(dǎo)。此外，由于此句中先行詞在定語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)do 的賓語(yǔ)，所以可以省略關(guān)系代詞that。例2誤：The manwhomI think has movedto another city is still in Shanghai. 正: The manwho I think has movedto another city is

6、 still in Shanghai. 題解： 此句中先行詞man在定語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)，而不是think的賓語(yǔ)，因 此不能用賓格 whom而應(yīng)用主格whQ例3誤:Wehaven t got much which we can ofer you. 正: We haven t got much that we can offer you.題解：當(dāng)定語(yǔ)從句的先行詞是 all, much, little, everythi ng, anything, no thi ng, none, one等不定代詞時(shí)，關(guān)系 代詞用 that。 例 4 誤：It is the best film which has

7、been made on the subject. 正: It is the best film that has been made on the subject.題解：當(dāng)先行詞前有最高級(jí)形容詞修飾，或有序數(shù)詞 或 only, any, few, little, no, all, one of, the very等詞修 飾時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞用 that。例 5 誤：Do you know the things and persons who are mentioned by the manager？ 正： Do you know the things and persons that are me

8、n tio ned by the man ager?題解： 先行詞是由人和物組成的短語(yǔ)時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞用that。例6誤:Whowho you have ever seen can beat him in chess? 正: Whothat you have ever seen can beat him in chess ？ 題解： 避免與先行詞 who重復(fù) 時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞應(yīng)用 that。例 7 誤：Today the public are much con cer ned about the way which n ature is ruin ed.正： Today the public are

9、muchconcerned about the way (that / in which) nature is ruined.題解：修飾先行詞way的定語(yǔ)從句比較特殊，一般用that 或in which引導(dǎo)，通常也可省略。例8誤：It was mid night that I was wakenup by the quarrel upstairs. 正: It was midnight when I was wake n up by the quarrel upstairs.題解：原句被錯(cuò)認(rèn)為一 個(gè)強(qiáng)調(diào)句，若是強(qiáng)調(diào)句，此句應(yīng)改為：It was at mid night that I was w

10、ake ned up by the quarrel upstairs.在這一句子中，先行詞 midnight在從句中作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，所以應(yīng)用關(guān)系副詞when例9誤： I don t like to live in the room which windows face north. 正: I don t like to live in the room whose windows face north. 題 解：此句中先行詞room在定語(yǔ)從句中作定語(yǔ)，表示所有關(guān)系，所以 應(yīng)用關(guān)系代詞whose,有時(shí)也可用of which 短語(yǔ)替代。此句亦可改 為： I don t like to live in

11、the room the windows of which face north. I don t like to live in the room of which the windows face north. 例 10 誤：That was the reason whyMr. Black refused to speak for at the meeting. 正: That was the reason (which / that) Mr. Black refused to speak for at the meeti ng.題解： 在定語(yǔ)從句中，選擇關(guān)系代詞還是關(guān)系副詞，最主要看先行

12、詞在定語(yǔ) 從句中充當(dāng)什么成分，如果是主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或定語(yǔ)，則用關(guān)系代詞，若 為狀語(yǔ)，則用關(guān)系副詞。此句中先行詞reason在從句中充當(dāng)介詞for 后的賓語(yǔ)，所以可以用that或which，或者省略。若此定語(yǔ)從句中 沒(méi)有介詞 for，則此句應(yīng)改為： That was the reason why Mr. Black refused to speak at the meeting.此時(shí)，reason 在從句中作原因 狀語(yǔ)。但這與例句的意義不同。例句的意思是：這就是布萊克先生在 會(huì)議上拒絕辯護(hù)的理由。而此句的意思為：這就是布萊克先生在會(huì)議 上拒絕發(fā)言的原因。例 11 誤：As manyon-looker

13、s whowere on the spot then agreed the motorcyclist was to blame.正: As many on-lookers as were on the spot then agreed the motorcyclist was to blame.題解：定語(yǔ)從句的先行詞若有 such, as修飾，則關(guān)系代 詞用 as。 例 12 誤：That is the same person as asked for help the day before yesterday. 正: That is the same person that asked fo

14、r help the day before yesterday. 題解：先行詞有 the same 修飾時(shí)，一般用 as，如：He uses the same dictionary as I do. (他用的詞典和我的一樣)但要注意的是，這句中涉及到兩本字典。 如果指的是同一個(gè)人或物，先行詞應(yīng)該用that。例13誤：Mymother often takes on more work than it is good for her health.正： My mother often takes on more work than is good for her health. 題解：此句中包含了

15、一個(gè)由than引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句。因先行詞work有 形容詞的比較級(jí)修飾，因此關(guān)系代詞用了than。而此句中的先行詞 work在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)，所以從句中處于主語(yǔ)位置的it必須刪去。 例 14 誤： Mr. White is the man whom you can turn for help when you are in trouble. 正： Mr. White is the man to whom you can turn for help when you are in trouble.題解： 先行詞 man在定 語(yǔ)從句中應(yīng)該作介詞to后的賓語(yǔ)，turn to sb. for help

16、，所以此 處的介詞to不能少。因此，定語(yǔ)從句中介詞的選擇受到上下文的制 約或與前面的名詞詞組或后面動(dòng)詞詞組的搭配有關(guān)。例15誤：Is this book you like most ？ 正: Is this the book you like most? 題解：若把原句改成陳述句，“ This book is you like most. ”不 難發(fā)現(xiàn)它不是一句定語(yǔ)從句，this book也不是先行詞。加了定冠詞 后，此句改成陳述句就成了：This is the book you like most. 先 行詞book在從句中作賓語(yǔ)，所以可以省略關(guān)系代詞。例16誤：l can think of

17、 many cases that stude nts obviously know a lot of English words and expressions but couldn t write a good essay. 正: I can think of manycases where / in which students obviously know a lot of English words and expressions but couldn t write a good essay. 題解： 先行詞 case 若放回定語(yǔ)從句中，應(yīng)是 in many cases，作狀語(yǔ)，故應(yīng)

18、用關(guān)系副詞 where，或in which。例17誤： Last year he visited Tokyo where his brother lived.正: Last year he visited Tokyo, where his brother lived.題解： 限制性 定語(yǔ)從句與先行詞關(guān)系密切，對(duì)它有限制作用，因此不可缺少，否則 會(huì)影響全句的意義。而非限制性定語(yǔ)從句是對(duì)先行詞的補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明，他 們之間的修飾關(guān)系不是很密切，因此對(duì)于專有名詞，一般都用非限制 性定語(yǔ)從句。 例 18 誤：He has many habits, some of them are harmful. 正: He

19、 has manyhabits, someof which are harmful. 題 解：原句錯(cuò)在一個(gè)句子中出現(xiàn)了兩個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句，且無(wú)連詞。用which代 替them，使后面的分句變成了非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，which指代前面 的habits。此句若改成如下句子亦可： He has many habits, and some of them are harmful. 例 19 誤：She got the first prize, which wehad expected. 正: Shegot the first prize, as wehad expected. 題解：雖然，在非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中，

20、which可以用來(lái)指代前面的整 個(gè)句子，但當(dāng)表示“正如”時(shí)，一般用as，此外，as引導(dǎo)的非限制 性定語(yǔ)從句還可放在主句之前，而 which不行。 Exercise: 1. A war broke outlasted for forty years. A. which B. whe n C. i n which D. where 2. Allis n eeded is a supply of oil. A. the thing B. that C. what D. which 3. It will not be long before you meet with the same difficu

21、lt situatio nwas dealt with by those scie ntists last year. A. which B. that C. as D. where 4. The pers onI lent my car is a friend of Jack s mother s. A. who B. whom C. to who D. to whom5. He paid the boy $10 for washing ten windows, most ofhadn t been cleaned for at least a year. A. these B. those

22、 C. that D. which 6. Carol said the work would be done by October,pers on ally I doubt very much. A. it B. that C. when D. which 7. In his speech, the leader expressed his thanks to those who had supported him and the causethey had fought. A. which B. of which C. that D. for which 8. The great wall

23、is the place almost all tourists would like to visit whe n they come to Chi na. A. where B. which C. i n which D. of which 9. If a shop has chairswome n can park their men, womenwill spend more time in the shop. A. that B. which C. when D. where 10. Wewill be show n around he city, schools, museums

24、and someother places, other visitors seldom go. A. what B. which C. where D. whe n 11. Alec asked the policema n he worked to con tact him whe never there was an accide nt. A. with whom B. who C. with whom D. whom 12. Is this the reas on at the meeting for his carelessness in his work? A. he explain

25、ed B. what he expla ined C. how he expla ined D. why he expla ined 13. The film brought the hours back to meI was taken good care of in that faraway village. A. un til B. whe n C. that D. where 14. Have seen the film “Titanic ” ,leading actor is world-famo us? A. its B. it s C. whose D. which 15. Recently I bought an an cie nt Chin ese vase,was very